Financing Water to 2030: Charting the changing flows of public and private capital to water infrastructure
The paradigm for financing water infrastructure is changing. As the need for investment is becoming more urgent, governments are finding themselves increasingly constrained by their over stretched balance sheets. Meanwhile, demographic change is driving demand for investments which can deliver a steady yield with a low degree of risk – the kind of profile that only water can offer. All of these trends point in the same direction: the growth of private investment and the arrival of new funding mechanisms in the water infrastructure sector.
Financing Water to 2030 and its accompanying databases provide you with a detailed understanding of how capital flows in the water sector will change in the next 10 years, and where the finance sources & private sector opportunities for water are now. The digital report examines how much investment is needed to achieve the SDGs for water and sanitation, and the potential sources of this investment. Analyse the financial models, organisations, and risks at play in infrastructure finance to find the most viable markets and investment strategies for your organisation, as the world acts to harness the potential of private finance in water.
Digital (PDF) Report + 4 Accompanying Databases
- PUBLICATION INFORMATION
- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- A GROWING URGENCY
- A growing urgency
- A GROWING OPPORTUNITY
- A growing opportunity
- A NEW APPROACH
- A new approach: blended finance and sector reform
- Financing trends
- Developed world
- Developed world (cont.)
- Developing world
- Developing world (cont.)
- WINNERS AND LOSERS
- Winners and losers
- THIS REPORT
- This report
- INTRODUCING WATER FINANCE
- WHAT MAKES WATER FINANCE SPECIAL?
- What makes water finance special?
- Longevity of assets
- Political control
- Cycle of utility decline
- Cycle of utility decline (cont.)
- The inevitability of water investment
- Upside investment
- CAPITAL FORMATION
- Financial flows in the water sector
- Sources of finance: Operating income (equity)
- Sources of finance: Connection charges
- Sources of finance: Debt finance
- Sources of finance: Bond finance
- Green bond issuances for water are growing
- Government lending
- Government lending (cont.)
- Capital flows into water infrastructure, 2013-2017
- The capital formation of the water sector, 2018
- INVESTMENT NEEDS
- Asset replacement and renewal
- System upgrades and improvements
- Service expansion
- Capital expenditure forecast by sector, 2016-2023
- Capital expenditure forecast by region, 2016-2023
- The sustainable development goals
- Global and regional water investment requirement (2018-2030)
- Trends in water finance to 2030
- Global sources of finance in 2030
- Sources of finance in 2030 by region
- Paying for water in 2030
- Water tariff trends
- Achieving SDG 6: Bankability & delivering bankability
- Delivering bankability (cont.)
- Affordability
- CONSOLIDATION
- Fragmentation and consolidation
- Case study: Japan
- Case study: Japan (cont.)
- Case study: France
- Case study: Romania
- Case study: United States
- Case study: United States (cont.)
- Case study: United States (cont.)
- METHODOLOGY
- Forecast methodology
- Forecast methodology (cont.)
- Forecast methodology (cont.)
- Forecast methodology (cont.)
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: ARGENTINA
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Public finance (cont.)
- Development finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- Private sector viewpoint
- Reasons for optimism
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: AUSTRALIA
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Water infrastructure financing (cont.)
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- Major Australian PPP completions by capacity
- Private utilities
- The public private spectrum
- Private sector involvement
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: BRAZIL
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- Public finance
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Development finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance & privatisation of utilities
- Brazil’s privatisation past
- Brazil’s privatisation past (cont.)
- Concession contracts
- Top five private water operators active in Brazil
- Public-private partnerships
- Public-private partnerships (cont.)
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: CANADA
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Public finance (cont.)
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- The Canadian Infrastructure Bank
- Public-private partnerships
- Past and upcoming PPP projects
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: CHILE
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: CHINA
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Wastewater sector targets to be met by 2020
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Public finance (cont.)
- Development finance
- Pioneering companies in China’s water and wastewater sector
- Pioneering companies in China’s water and wastewater sector (cont.)
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- The development of the Chinese PPP market
- Public-private partnerships
- Public-private partnerships (cont.)
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: COLOMBIA
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- Financing recent water projects
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Development finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- Private finance (cont.)
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: EGYPT
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public & development finance
- African Development Bank (AfDB)
- European Investment Bank (EIB)
- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- New Cairo
- The end of PPP process for water & other uses of private finance
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: FRANCE
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Public finance (cont.)
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- Private finance (cont.)
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: GERMANY
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Organisational forms in the German water and wastewater sector
- Organisational forms in the German water and wastewater sector (cont.)
- Investment in the public water supply
- Utility funding (cont.)
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: INDIA
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Central government initiatives
- Central government initiatives (cont.)
- State and city-level government financing
- Development finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- Private finance (cont.)
- Private finance (cont.)
- Private finance (cont.)
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: INDONESIA
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Development finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- PPP/KPBU
- B2B contracts and concessions
- Timeline of key legal developments on water privatisation & the Jakarta concessions
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: IRAN
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Development finance
- Islamic Development Bank (IsDB)
- The World Bank
- ECO Trade and Development Bank
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance & BOO
- Build-own-operate (cont.)
- Buyback contracts
- International private finance
- Sanctions and foreign investment
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: ITALY
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Development finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: JAPAN
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- Private finance (cont.)
- Private finance (cont.)
- Potential water and wastewater concessions in Japan
- Private finance (cont.)
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: MALAYSIA
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding overview
- Water sector structure under 2006 Water Services Industry Act
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Public finance (cont.)
- Percentage of non-revenue water across Malaysia in 2016
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- Case study: Outsourcing the sukuk
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: MEXICO
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Federal funding
- Federal funding (cont.)
- Local funding
- Development finance
- Development finance (cont.)
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- Private finance (cont.)
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: MOROCCO
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- Case study: ONEE
- Utility funding (cont.)
- Case study
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Development finance
- Development finance (cont.)
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- PPP law 86-12
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: NIGERIA
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Water infrastructure financing (cont.)
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Development finance
- Development finance (cont.)
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- Private finance (cont.)
- Case study: (back to) a PPP approach
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: OMAN
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Development finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- IWP/IWPP
- IWP/IWPP (cont.)
- PPP
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: PERU
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Public finance (cont.)
- Development finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- PPPs for WTPs
- Peru’s planned desalination PPPs
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: PHILIPPINES
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Structure of the PWRF
- Development finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- Private finance (cont.)
- The public-private partnership (PPP) policy shift in the Philippines
- Joint ventures and private franchises
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: QATAR
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance & IWP / IWPPs
- IWP/IWPP financing
- IWP/IWPP financing (cont.)
- Ownership structure of Ras Laffan IWPPs
- Draft PPP Law
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: SAUDI ARABIA
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public & development finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- Case study: Marafiq IWPP
- IWPs and IWPPs
- IWPs and IWPPs (cont.)
- Brownfield privatisation and asset bundling
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: SINGAPORE
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- PUB finances
- Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS) Phase 2
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private sector participation
- Private sector participation (cont.)
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: SOUTH AFRICA
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Development finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- Utility concessions
- Potential areas for private sector participation
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: SPAIN
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- BOTs
- Municipal water concession market
- Municipal water concession market (cont.)
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: TUNISIA
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public and development finance
- Development finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- PPP pilot projects
- Wastewater infrastructure concessions
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public & development finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance in Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- IWPs and IWPPs in Abu Dhabi
- Refinancing
- Outside Abu Dhabi
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: UNITED KINGDOM
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: UNITED STATES
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Public construction spending on water and wastewater infrastructure
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Public finance (cont.)
- The Trump administration’s infrastructure plan
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- Public-private partnerships
- Investor-owned utilities
- Investor-owned utilities (cont.)
- Concessions and leases
- MARKET SPOTLIGHT: VIETNAM
- NEED TO KNOW
- Investment trends
- Water infrastructure financing
- Country financing overview
- Country financing overview (cont.)
- UTILITY FUNDING OVERVIEW
- Utility funding
- Utility funding (cont.)
- PUBLIC FINANCE
- Public finance
- Development finance
- Development finance (cont.)
- PRIVATE FINANCE
- Private finance
- Public-private partnership
- Public-private partnership (cont.)
- Direct investment
- Equitisation
- Water, sewerage and drainage utilities planning equitisation by 2021
- DEVELOPMENT FINANCE: INTRODUCTION
- IN A NUTSHELL
- In a nutshell
- DEVELOPMENT FINANCE
- Development finance
- Flows involved in blended finance
- RISKS & OBSTACLES
- Risks and obstacles
- Case study: EIB invests in Italian water utilities, including BrianzAcque
- SUSTAINABLE TOOLS
- Sustainable tools for blended finance
- Sustainable tools for blended finance (cont.)
- Case study: Risk mitigation scheme with the EBRD
- Case study: Dhaka Water Supply Sector Development Program
- Case studies: Pooled finance
- The role of DFIs and blended finance
- WHY NOW?
- Why now?
- A brief history of blended finance
- DFI PROFILES
- DFI profiles
- DFI average annual water sector lending, 2012-2016
- DFI average annual lending, 2012-2016 (cont.)
- Comparison of DFI products
- Comparison of DFI products (cont.)
- Comparison of DFI products (cont.)
- DEVELOPMENT FINANCE: MULTILATERAL ORGANISATIONS
- ASIAN INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BANK (AIIB)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Approved water sector projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK (EIB)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sewerage projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- EIB: 10 largest individual WSS projects, 2017
- EIB: 10 largest individual WSS projects, 2017 (cont.)
- ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK (ISDB)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water, sanitation and urban services projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Special Shari’ah compliant tools
- IsDB: WSS projects, 2017
- NEW DEVELOPMENT BANK (NDB)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Products
- PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT GROUP (PIDG)
- Introduction and strategy
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- PIDG’s subsidiaries work in different points of project development and execution
- GuarantCo Ltd.
- Emerging Africa Infrastructure Fund Ltd. (EAIF)
- Upstream development: Technical Assistance Facility (TAF) & DevCo
- InfraCo Ltd. (InfraCo Africa) & InfraCo Asia Development Pte. Ltd.
- WORLD BANK GROUP (WBG)
- Introduction
- Strategy
- Strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water, sanitation, and waste management projects
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
- IBRD business model
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- IBRD guarantee terms
- International Development Association (IDA)
- IDA business model
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- IDA lending terms
- World Bank: 10 largest WSS projects, 2017
- World Bank: 10 largest WSS projects, 2017 (cont.)
- INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION (IFC - WORLD BANK GROUP)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- IFC: WSS projects, 2017
- MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT GUARANTEE AGENCY (MIGA)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- MIGA: WSS projects, FY2016
- WATER FINANCING FACILITY (WFF)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- How the WFF works
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (AFDB)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Funds and initiatives
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- AfDB: 10 largest water supply and sanitation (WSS) projects, 2017
- AfDB: 10 largest water supply and sanitation (WSS) projects, 2017 (cont.)
- ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Introduction and strategy
- Historical lending to water and other urban infrastructure services projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- Classification of ADB members
- ADB: 10 largest WSS projects, 2017
- ADB: 10 largest WSS projects, 2017
- CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (CARIBANK)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and other urban infrastructure services projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- CariBank: WSS projects, 2017
- CENTRAL AMERICAN BANK FOR ECONOMIC INTEGRATION (CABEI)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and other urban infrastructure services projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- CABEI: WSS projects, 2016
- DEVELOPMENT BANK OF LATIN AMERICA (CAF)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- CAF: WSS projects, 2016
- CAF: WSS projects, 2016 (cont.)
- DEVELOPMENT BANK OF SOUTH AFRICA (DBSA)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- EUROPEAN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (EBRD)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- EBRD: WSS projects, 2017
- INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (IDB)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- IDB country groups, based on GNP per capita in 1997
- IDB: 10 largest WSS projects, 2017
- IDB: 10 largest WSS projects, 2017 (cont.)
- NORDIC INVESTMENT BANK (NIB)
- Introduction and strategy
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- NIB: WSS projects, 2017
- OPEC FUND FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (OFID)
- Introduction, strategy and products
- Introduction, strategy and products (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- OFID: WSS projects
- WEST AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (BOAD)
- Introduction and strategy
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- DEVELOPMENT FINANCE: BILATERAL ORGANISATIONS
- AGENCE FRANÇAISE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT (AFD)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- AFD: WSS projects, 2017
- AFD: WSS projects, 2017 (cont.)
- CHINA DEVELOPMENT BANK (CDB)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water resources projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- DANISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (DANIDA)
- Introduction, strategy and products
- Introduction, strategy and products (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- DANIDA: WSS projects, 2016
- DEPARTMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (DFID)
- Introduction, strategy and products
- Introduction, strategy and products (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- DFID: 10 largest WSS projects, 2016
- DFID: 10 largest WSS projects, 2016 (cont.)
- EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF CHINA (CEXIM)
- Introduction, strategy and products
- Introduction, strategy and products (cont.)
- EXPORT–IMPORT BANK OF KOREA (KEXIM)
- Introduction and strategy
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- Terms and conditions for infrastructure loans
- JAPAN BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION (JBIC)
- Introduction and strategy
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- JAPANESE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- JICA: 10 newest WSS projects, 2017
- JICA: 10 newest WSS projects, 2017 (cont.)
- KFW BANKENGRUPPE (KFW)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions (cont.)
- KfW: WSS projects, 2017
- KOREA INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (KOICA)
- Introduction, strategy and products
- Introduction, strategy and products (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- KOICA: WSS projects, 2016
- KUWAIT FUND FOR ARAB ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (KFAED)
- Introduction, strategy and products
- Introduction, strategy and products (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sewerage projects
- KFAED: WSS projects, 2017
- NEDERLANDSE FINANCIERINGS-MAATSCHAPPIJ VOOR ONTWIKKELINGSLANDEN NV
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- FMO: WSS projects, 2016
- OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION (OPIC)
- Introduction and strategy
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- OPIC: WSS projects, 2017
- SPANISH AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION (AECID)
- Introduction and strategy
- Introduction and strategy (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- Cooperation Fund for Water and Sanitation country groupings, 2017
- SPANISH COMPANY FOR DEVELOPMENT FINANCE (COFIDES)
- Introduction, strategy and products
- Introduction, strategy and products (cont.)
- SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY (SIDA)
- Introduction and strategy
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- SIDA: WSS projects, 2017
- SWISS DEVELOPMENT AID (SDC & SECO)
- Introduction, strategy and products
- Introduction, strategy and products (cont.)
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects, SDC
- Swiss WSS projects
- Swiss WSS projects (cont.)
- US AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (USAID)
- Introduction and strategy
- Historical lending to water and sanitation projects
- Products, eligibility and conditions
- USAID: 10 largest WSS obligations, 2017
- USAID: 10 largest WSS obligations, 2017 (cont.)
- PRIVATE FINANCE: REACHING THE OPPORTUNE MOMENT
- NEED TO KNOW
- Need to know
- Capex forecast
- THE MOMENT
- Reaching the opportune moment for private finance
- Top 2017 global infrastructure investors
- THE OPPORTUNITIES
- Capacity forecast
- Capex forecast
- Capex forecast
- Directory of private finance contracts
- Directory of private finance contracts (cont.)
- Emerging markets
- Emerging markets (cont.)
- Emerging markets (cont.)
- Established markets
- Established markets (cont.)
- Perspectives on private participation
- RISKS & MITIGATION
- Risks
- Mitigation techniques
- Mitigation techniques (cont.)
- Risks and methods of mitigation
- PRIVATE FINANCE: MARKET TRENDS
- UNPRECEDENTED DEMAND FOR PRIVATE CAPITAL
- Unprecedented demand for private capital
- Unprecedented demand for private capital (cont.)
- Unprecedented demand for private capital (cont.)
- Unprecedented demand for private capital (cont.)
- UNLOCKING PUBLIC CAPITAL
- Unlocking public capital
- Structure of Sydney desalination plant deal
- Unlocking public capital (cont.)
- Bundling brownfield and greenfield
- Bundling brownfield and greenfield (cont.)
- UNLEASHING PRIVATE PARTICIPATION
- Capital expenditure in utility concessions by region, 2009-2023
- Water and wastewater concessions
- Utility concessions: Top 5 countries by population served, 2018
- Utility concessions
- Unleashing private participation
- Unleashing private participation (cont.)
- PRIVATE FINANCE: CAPITAL RECYCLING
- CAPITAL RECYCLING
- Capital recycling intro
- SECONDARY MARKET
- Secondary market
- Secondary market (cont.)
- Selected major acquisitions by Chinese entities since 2016
- Selected major acquisitions by Chinese entities since 2016 (cont.)
- PROTECTIONISM
- Protectionism
- Foreign investors exiting China since 2016
- EXTERNAL CAPITAL
- Bringing external capital into the market
- Chinese PPP funds
- Other strategies
- EXIT STRATEGIES
- Exit strategies
- Exit strategies (cont.)
- PRIVATE FINANCE: INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN INDUSTRIES
- NEED TO KNOW
- Global trends and opportunities
- Forecast of spending on industrial outsourced services, 2015-2022
- MAJOR PLAYERS
- Major international industrial water project developers
- External equity investors in industrial water infrastructure
- Selected private equity-backed deals (cont.)
- Selected private equity-backed deals (cont.)
- Selected private equity-backed deals (cont.)
- CONTRACTS
- Models
- Clients
- Services
- Capital and operating expenditure under BOT/BOO contracts, 2015-2022
- REGIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
- Asia Pacific: China
- Asia-Pacific: China (cont.)
- Leading industrial park wastewater project developers in China
- South-East Asia
- South-East Asia (cont.)
- Japan and South Korea
- Australia
- South Asia
- Planned industrial private financing opportunities in India
- Middle East and Africa
- Middle East and Africa (cont.)
- North America
- Latin America
- Europe and Central Asia
- PRIVATE FINANCE: CASE STUDIES
- BAYONNE CONCESSION
- Description and risk
- Project structure
- Debt specifics and financial solutions
- CARLSBAD DESALINATION FACILITY
- Description and risk
- Project structure
- Debt specifics and financial solutions
- Outcome
- KIGALI BULK WATER SUPPLY
- Description and risk
- Project structure
- Debt specifics and financial solutions
- MIRFA IWPP
- Description and risk
- Project structure
- Debt specifics and financial solutions
- NEW CAIRO WWTP
- Description and risk
- Project structure
- Debt specifics and financial solutions
- New Cairo quarterly sewage treatment charge
- NEW TIRUPUR AREA
- Description and risk
- Project structure
- Debt specifics and financial solutions
- Outcome
- NUNGUA SWRO
- Description and risk
- Project structure
- Debt specifics and financial solutions
- Outcome
- SHOAIBA 3 EXPANSION 2
- Description and risk
- Project structure
- Debt specifics and financial solutions
- VICTORIAN DESALINATION PLANT
- Description and risk
- Project structure
- Debt specifics and financial solutions
- Outcome
- VISTA RIDGE PIPELINE
- Description and risk
- Project structure
- Debt specifics and financial solutions
- Structure of interest rate swaps
- PRIVATE FINANCE: INTRODUCTION TO INVESTOR-OWNED UTILITIES
- INTRODUCTION
- Investor-owned utilities
- Investor-owned utilities (cont.)
- Challenges
- Challenges (cont.)
- FORECAST
- Forecast
- Capital expenditure by investor-owned utilities by country, 2009-2023
- PRIVATE FINANCE: INVESTOR-OWNED UTILITIES – UNITED KINGDOM
- INTRODUCTION
- Introduction
- Main WaSCs and WoCs in the UK
- Main WaSCs and WoCs in the UK (cont.)
- AMP7
- New Asset Management Period (AMP7)
- DIVERSIFICATION OF FUNDING SOURCES
- Diversification of funding sources
- Recent bond issues in the UK water market (cont.)
- Recent bond issues in the UK water market (cont.)
- Diversification of funding sources (cont.)
- OWNERSHIP
- Ownership
- Recent transactions in the UK regulated water market (cont.)
- Breakdown of Thames Water’s shareholders, January 2018
- PERFORMANCE
- Performance indicators, 2017
- Outcome performance
- PRIVATE FINANCE: INVESTOR-OWNED UTILITIES – UNITED STATES
- INTRODUCTION
- Introduction
- Major investor-owned water utilities in the US
- Regulation
- Regulatory climate index: State rankings, 2017
- Regulation (cont.)
- Supportive state regulatory mechanisms for investor-owned utilities in the US
- Supportive state regulatory mechanisms for investor-owned utilities in the US (cont.)
- OWNERSHIP
- Ownership
- PERFORMANCE
- Performance
- Capital investment: American Water
- Capital investment: Aqua America
- ACQUISITIONS
- Acquisitions
- Fair market value legislation
- Opposition
- Selected investor-owned utility M&A activity in the US, 2017
- Selected investor-owned utility M&A activity in the US, 2017 (cont.)
- PRIVATE FINANCE: INVESTOR-OWNED UTILITIES – CHILE
- INTRODUCTION
- Introduction
- OWNERSHIP
- Ownership
- Ownership of Chilean water companies, 2016
- Ownership of Chilean water companies, 2016 (cont.)
- Ownership of Chilean water companies, 2016 (cont.)
- Total equity by shareholder in the Chilean water sector, December 2016
- PERFORMANCE
- Performance data
- Performance data (cont.)
- Performance data (cont.)
- PRIVATE FINANCE: MARKET PLAYERS
- ABENGOA
- At a glance
- Water assets
- M&A activity
- ALMAR WATER SOLUTIONS
- At a glance
- FCC AQUALIA
- At a glance
- Aqualia’s 10 most recent contract wins
- M&A activity
- SUEZ
- At a glance
- Currently privately financed projects
- Utilities investment portfolio
- Utilities investment portfolio (cont.)
- 10 most recent M&A deals
- VEOLIA
- At a glance
- Currently privately financed projects
- Utilities investment portfolio
- 10 most recent M&A deals
- ACCIONA
- At a glance
- Water assets
- Water assets (cont.)
- M&A activity
- ACWA POWER
- At a glance
- Water assets
- Water assets (cont.)
- M&A activity
- BEWG
- At a glance
- 10 most recently financed projects
- BEWG’s water assets (excluding contracts)
- BEWG’s water assets (excluding contracts) (cont.)
- 10 most recent M&A deals
- METITO
- At a glance
- Notable assets
- M&A activity
- ITOCHU
- At a glance
- Water assets
- M&A activity
- MARUBENI
- At a glance
- Water assets
- Water assets (cont.)
- M&A activity
- MITSUBISHI
- At a glance
- Water assets
- M&A activity
- MITSUI
- At a glance
- Global portfolio
- M&A activity
- SUMITOMO
- At a glance
- Sumitomo’s global water portfolio
- M&A activity
- TOP DEVELOPERS
- Top 50 BOT/BOO project developers
- TOP OPERATORS
- Top 50 private water operators
- TOP THIRD PARTY INVESTORS
- Top 100 third-party equity investors in water infrastructure
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- INTERVIEWEES
- REFERENCES
Research Assistance
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