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Tissue Engineering-Technology Developments Spur Healthcare MarketsPublished by: Frost & Sullivan Published: Dec. 26, 2003 Table of Contents1 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Scope and Methodology 1. Introduction and Scope 2. Methodology Key Findings 1. Stem Cells 2. Tissue Scaffolds Global Market Summary 1. Asian and European Markets 2. Market Forecasts 3. Global Market Challenges and Restraints 2 | INTRODUCTION TO TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE History and Background 1. Building Replacement Body Parts 2. Alternatives in the Event of Organ Failure Tissue Engineering Advances 1. Organs and Tissues from Stem Cells 2. Skin Replacement and Regeneration 3. Spinal Cord Repair and Regeneration 4. Cartilage Repair and Regeneration 5. Bone Repair and Regeneration 6. Plastic and Electronic Body Parts Off-The-Shelf 7. Tissue Scaffolds 8. Biocompatible Polymers for Scaffolds 3 | GLOBAL TISSUE ENGINEERING MARKETS AND BARRIERS TO COMMERCIALIZATION Market Forecasts 1. Introduction 2. Engineered Tissues 3. Implants and Cartilage Regeneration 4. Organ Transplantation 5. Wounds and Skin Ulcers 6. Bone Reconstruction and Regeneration 7. Spinal Repair Therapies and Heart Disease Market Drivers and Opportunities 1. R&D Funding 2. Global Market Dynamics 3. Japanese and Asian Markets 4. European Markets Market Challenges and Barriers 1. Quality Control 2. Understanding Molecular Biology 3. Marketing to and Accurate Reading of Target Customers 4. Animal Models and More 5. Vascular Access 6. The Stem Cell Debates 7. European Market In Disarray 4 | ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS Organ Engineering 1. Stem Cells + Scaffold + Growth Factors = New Tissues 2. Desktop Organ Printing 3. Nanotech Strategy Could Create New Organs 4. hTERT Gene Grows Human Arteries On Scaffold 5. Bioreactor Biocapsule Protects Pancreas Cells 6. PPL Therapeutics Clones Knockout Pigs For Organ Donation 7. Functioning Liver Tissue Grown In A Bioreactor 8. Tissue Engineering For Erectile Dysfunction 9. Engineered Tissue Goes Chomp 10. Nuclear Transplantation Avoids Immune Rejection Scaffolds and Matrices 1. Introduction 2. Use Biorubber Scaffold To Replace Damaged Tissue 3. Produce Tissue Scaffolds With 3D Ink And Robocasting 4. Dendrimer Biopolymers For Scaffolds 5. Molecule Mimics Tissue Nanostructure For Scaffolds 6. Hydrogel Scaffolds Recover Fast 7. Re-Engineered Small Blood Vessels Grow On Donor Scaffold 8. Enhance Bone Adhesion Using Nano Particles 9. Polymer Scaffold For Regenerating Cartilage 10. Cartilage Repair Companies 11. Nanolithography To Regenerate Damaged Retinas? Skin Substitutes and Matrices= Wound-Healing 1. Bilayered Cellular Matrix Promotes Tissue Repair 2. Fibrinogen Bandage Heals Wounds Naturally 3. Gluing Layers Of Skin With Green Lasers 4. A Collagen Bandage 5. Acellular Dermal Matrix Preserves Crucial Structures 6. Additional Companies Growth Factors and Gene Therapy 1. Introduction 2. Gene + Hydrogel Provide Cues To Regenerating Bone 3. RhBMP-2 4. Osteogenic Protein-1 (OP-1) 5. Synthetic Thrombin Mimic Acts As True Osteogenic Drug 6. Demineralized Bone Matrix (DBM) 7. Adult Stem Cells For Healing Joint Damage 8. Additional Companies Growth Factors and Stem Cells 1. Synthetic Growth Factor Analogs Cheaper To Make And Easier To Modify 2. Fat Biology 3. Matrix Protein 4. Sonic Hedgehog Protein Eases Heart Attack; Promotes Spinal Healing 5. Patches And New Blood Vessels For Damaged Hearts 6. Fibrin-Polymer Matrix Slows Growth Factor Dissipation 7. Adult Stem Cells Might Not Trans-Differentiate 8. Inosine And Axogenesis Factor For Spinal Regeneration Ocular Applications 1. Fine-Tune Intraocular Lens with Light 2. Magnetized Silicon Fluids To Repair Damaged Retinas Polymers for Tissue Engineering 1. Introduction 2. Temperature-Sensitive Hydrogel For Joint Repair 3. Star Polymers Remember What To Bind For Surface Coatings 4. Polymer Surface Gets Fuzzy 5. Biodegradable Elastomer Is Tough 6. Glass Coating May Extend Life Of Implants 7. Nanocomposite Spheres For Bonding Layers 8. Coat Biomedical Substrates By Molecular Self-Assembly 9. Blend Polymer Films With Novel Method 10. Mix Cells And Biodegradable Polymer Beads For Better Implants 11. Electroactive Polymers Behave Like Muscles 12. Secrets Of Spider Silk Revealed 13. Goats Produce Spider Silk In Bulk 14. Fiber Surpasses Silkworm Silk 15. Hydrogels For Healing Organ Preservation 1. Human Heart Kept Alive Outside Body 2. Portable Organ Preservation 5 | INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES IN TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE Global Developments 1. Netherlands-Next-Generation Biomimetic Coating Technology Here 2. Germany-Rapid Prototyping Expands Into Medical Industry 3. Switzerland-Synthetic Mimetic Repairs Bones 4. Canada-Scaffold Grows Bone that Looks Like the Real Thing 5. Sweden-Scaffold Biomaterial 6. Canada-Stem Cells Prompt Mouse Organ to Regenerate 7. United Kingdom-Disposable Mold To Construct Human Tissue With Patient's Own Cells 8. Germany-Depuy Spine 9. Israel-Fibrin for Tissue Engineering 10. Israel-Regenerating Cartilage 11. Switzerland-Growth Factors for Bone Regeneration 12. Canada-Organic And Inorganic Elements Create Superior Polymer 13. Miscellaneous Global Developments Collagen Regeneration and Chondrocyte Implants 1. Cartilage Cells and Substitutes 2. Cartilage Repair 6 | U.S. PATENTS ABSTRACTS WITH TITLES AND ASSIGNEE NAMES Patents 1. Patents-I 2. Patents-II Additional Patents 1. Patents-III 2. Patents-IV 7 | TECHNICAL INSIGHTS' 2003 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AWARDS Technology Leadership 1. Introduction 2. Award Recipient Technology Innovation Award 1. Introduction 2. Award Recipient AbstractTissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Radically Modify Healthcare StandardsRadical advancements in technologies such as stem cell manipulation and three-dimensional organ printing are enabling the production of living tissues and regenerative therapies. Stem cells are being manipulated to diversify into specific cell types for in vivo regeneration of damaged tissues and to fabricate, with the use of scaffolds, new organs for implantation. Computer-designed three-dimensional tissues using cells, connective tissues, and 'growth factors' have also been produced in a bid to generate tissue with vascular access. The ultimate goal of all this research is to eventually enable scientists to grow living tissue on polymer scaffolds, thereby eliminating the need for transplants. This research on emerging technologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine analyzes nascent technologies developing worldwide in tissue engineering and regenerative therapies, and the issues involving their commercialization. Stem Cell Engineering to Provide Breakthrough in Organ Repair and Replacement About $15 million is spent annually to treat bone, cartilage, and other connective structure injuries using allografts, autologous grafts, and synthetic materials that often prove insufficient. There is also an extreme shortage of replacement organs that are critical to save lives. These issues can be resolved by developing technology that can grow new organs from a few cells, or by encouraging an organ or tissue to repair itself. "Stem cells capable of generating a large number of cells and also differentiating into any type of cell can provide enough material to produce hundreds of new organs," says the analyst. Researchers have successfully tested embryonic stem cells for treatment of damaged spinal cords in experiments with rats. Adult stem cells have been used to improve heart function in humans with cardiac conditions. However, stem cell engineering has its own drawbacks. Embryonic stem cells might not be compatible with the patient's immune system and it is still not known if adult stem cells can generate adequate cells to grow new organs or if they can morph into diverse tissues. Market for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Therapies Poised for Exponential Growth Commercialization of engineered products is only in its initial stage and several companies have products that are in the final stages of clinical trials. Private spending on tissue engineering research has already reached $5 billion in the United States, and with technologies having the potential to create living organs, investments are only likely to increase. Recognizing the economic potential of tissue engineering, governments worldwide are channeling significant funds into R&D. "One major factor driving the tissue engineering and regeneration markets is the recognition by government funding agencies and pharmaceutical companies that if they can be made to be cost-effective, these technologies could save millions of dollars a year in healthcare costs," concludes the analyst.
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