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Published by: BCC Research
Published: Oct. 1, 2003 - 215 Pages
Table of Contents
Introduction
Objectives And Goals Of Study
Contribution Of The Study And For Whom
Study Scope And Format
Methodology
Information Sources
Author's Credentials
Related Bcc Work Credentials Including Work Done By Other Authors
Bcc On-Line Service
Summary
Summary Table:
Estimated Worldwide Aquaculture And Feed Products By Volume And Value, Through 2008
Summary Figure:
Estimated Value Of Worldwide Aquaculture And Feed Products, 2002-2008 ($ Millions)
Overview
Definition Of Aquaculture
The History Of Aquaculture
Brief Overview Of Worldwide Aquaculture
Kyoto Declaration On Aquaculture
Kyoto Declaration On Aquaculture (Continued)
The Conference On Aquaculture In The Third Millennium
Growth Of The Aquaculture Industry
Growth Of The Aquaculture Industry (Continued)
Table 1 Top Aquaculture-Producing Countries, By Volume, 1988 And 2000 (Metric Tons)
Table 2 Top Aquaculture-Producing Countries By Revenues, 2000 ($ Millions)
Table 3 Top 10 Countries In Fisheries Production, Capture And Aquaculture, 1999 (Million Metric Tons)
Table 4 Fish Production Trends, Selected Countries,1997-2030
Table 4 (Continued)
Trade In Aquaculture
Finfish
American Catfish
Salmon
Sea Bass And Sea Bream
Tilapia
Trout
Crustaceans
Mollusks
Seaweed
Seed Supplies
Leading Species Produced By Aquaculture
Table 5 Names Of Common Aquaculture Species
Table 5 (Continued)
Table 6 Top Volume Aquaculture Species, 1988 And 1997 (Metric Tons)
The Need For Aquaculture
Per Capita Consumption Of Seafood
Table 7 Per Capita Consumption Of Fish By Geographic Area, 1985-2001 (Kilogram/Per Capita/Per Year)
Table 8 Per Capita Consumption Of Seafood By Product, U.S., 2001 (Pounds)
Population Growth
Table 9 Estimated Population Growth And Consumption Of Fish In North America, 1997-2020
Annual Expenditures On Seafood
Decline In The Beef And Pork Markets
Safety Concerns
Capture Fishery Versus Aquaculture Production
Table 10 Capture Fishery Versus Aquaculture Production, Worldwide, 1986-2008 (Million Metric Tons)
Table 10 (Continued)
Table 11 Capture Versus Aquaculture Fishery Production, Percent Of Total, Worldwide, 1986-2008 (%)
Figure 1 Capture Versus Aquaculture Fishery Production, Percent Of Total, Worldwide, 1986-2008 (%)
Overview Of Aquaculture In The U.S.
Table 12 U.S. Exports Of Select Seafood Products: 2000-2002 ($'000, Lbs. '000s)
Table 13 U.S. Imports Of Select Seafood Products: 2000-2002
Factors Inhibiting The Growth Of The U.S. Aquaculture Industry
Water
Water (Continued)
Products
Table 14 Worldwide Aquaculture Production, Through 2008 (Million Metric Tons)
Table 15 Worldwide Market For Aquaculture Products, Through 2008 ($ Millions)
Worldwide Production By Species
Table 16 Worldwide Fisheries Production And Utilization, 1998-2001 (Million Metric Tons)
Table 17 Fisheries Production And Utilization, Worldwide (Excluding China), 1998-2001 (Million Metric Tons)
Table 18 Top Aquaculture Species By Unit Value, Worldwide, 2001 (U.S. $/Kilogram)
Choosing The Species To Culture
Changes In Production Value
Finfish
Freshwater Varieties
Catfish
Table 19 Sales Of Catfish By State, U.S., 2001 (%)
Table 20 Volume Of Farm-Raised Channel Catfish, North America, 1988-2008 (Metric Tons)
Table 21 Value Of Farm-Raised Channel Catfish, North America, 1988-2008 ($ Millions)
Table 22 Volume Of Farm-Raised Catfish Sold To Processors, U.S., 1997-2002 (1,000 Pounds)
Table 23 Volume Of Farm-Raised Catfish Sold By Processors, U.S., 1997-2003 (1,000 Pounds)
Table 24 Average Price Paid By Processors For Farm-Raised Catfish, U.S., 1997-2003 (Cents Per Pound)
Table 25 Average Price Received By Processors For Farm-Raised Catfish, U.S., 1997-2003 (Dollars Per Pound)
Table 26 Sales By Processors For Farm-Raised Catfish, U.S., 1997-2003 ($ Millions)
Table 27 Number Of Catfish Farms, U.S., 1982-2002
Table 28 Volume Of Imported Catfish, U.S., 1997-2001 (1,000 Pounds)
Improving Catfish Production In The U.S.
Genetics Studies
Cyprinids
Table 29 Members Of The Cyprinid Family Of Fish Used As Food Fish And Average Annual Worldwide Production, 1992-2002
Hybrid Striped Bass
Salmonidae
Table 30 Members Of The Salmonidae Family Of Fish Used As Food Fish And Average Annual Worldwide Production, 1992-2002
Projections For The Future Salmon Market
Table 31 Salmon Prices, 2001-2003
Markets Vary By Geographic Area
Moving From A Production-Driven To A Market-Driven Industry
Competitors In Salmon Farming
Atlantic Salmon
Table 32 Volume Of Farm-Raised Atlantic Salmon, North America, 1988-2008 (Metric Tons)
Table 33 Value Of Farm-Raised Atlantic Salmon, North America, 1988-2008 ($ Millions)
Table 33 (Continued)
Chinook Salmon And Coho Salmon
Land-Based Salmon Farming
Organic Salmon
Making Farmed Salmon Pink
Rainbow Trout
Table 34 Volume Of Farm-Raised Rainbow Trout, North America, 1988-2008 (Metric Tons)
Table 35 Value Of Farm-Raised Rainbow Trout, North America, 1988-2008 ($ Millions)
Tilapia
Baitfish Production
Fish For Insect And Weed Control
The North American Freshwater Finfish Market
Table 36 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Fish Production, North America, 1988 (%)
Table 37 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Fish Production, North America, 1997 (%)
Table 38 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Fish Value, North America, 1988 (%)
Table 39 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Fish Value, North America, 1997 (%)
Saltwater Varieties
Cod
Halibut
Snapper
Tuna
Tuna (Continued)
Tuna (Continued)
Crustaceans
Table 40 Volume Of Cultured Crustacean Production, Worldwide, 1988-2008 (Metric Tons)
Table 41 Value Of Cultured Crustacean Production, Worldwide, 1988-2008 ($ Billions)
Crayfish
Shrimp And Prawns
Table 42 Members Of The Penaeidae Family Used As Food Fish And Average Annual Worldwide Production, 1992-2002
The Economics Of Shrimp Farming
Stocking Costs
Feed
Yield
Value
U.S. Government Assistance To The U.S. Farmed Shrimp Industry
Mollusks
Table 43 Value Of Cultured Mollusk Production, Worldwide, 1988-2008 ($ Billions)
Table 43 (Continued)
Clams
Seed Producers
The North American Crustacean And Mollusk Market
Table 44 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Invertebrate Production, North America, 1988 (%)
Table 45 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Invertebrate Production, North America, 1997 (%)
Table 46 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Invertebrate Value, North America, 1988 (%)
Table 47 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Invertebrate Value, North America, 1997 (%)
Caviar
Aquatic Plants
Table 48 Volume Of Cultured Aquatic Plant Production, Worldwide, 1988-2008 (Metric Tons)
Technology
Phases Of Aquaculture
Improvements In Production
Production Systems
Extensive Aquaculture Systems
The Chinese Model
The Israeli Model
The Alabama Model
Semi-Extensive/Semi-Intensive Aquaculture Systems
The European Model
The Latin American Model
The Vietnamese Model
The Thai Model
Intensive Aquaculture Systems
The Malaysian Model
The Thai Model
Water- And Land-Based Systems
Enclosure Systems Used In Intensive Aquaculture
Cages
Cage Culture Projects In The Gulf Of Mexico
Cage Culture Projects Off The West Coast Of The U.S.
Challenges To Successful Cage Culture
Raceways
Tanks
Open Versus Closed Systems
Production Considerations
Recirculation Systems
Uses Of Recirculation Systems
Technological Issues
Aeration
Removal Of Particulate Matter
Biological Filtration
Ph Buffering
Heating
Hyperintensive Recirculation
The Reason For Higher Production Costs
Recirculation Systems Slow To Be Adopted
Rotation Systems
Integrated, Multiple-Use Systems
Aquaponics
Example Of A Model Aquaculture Operation
Hatcheries
The Importance Of Zooplankton
Training Fish To Eat Artificial Feed
Zooplankton
Microalgae
The Greenwater Technique
Benefits Of Microalgae
Aquafeeds
Table 49 Estimated Aquafeed Requirements By Volume, Worldwide: Through 2008 (Millions Of Metric Tons)
Table 50 Estimated Global Aquafeed Production And Fishmeal And Fish Oil Use For Major Aquaculture Species, 1997
The Feed Conversion Ratio
Fishmeal
Price Projections
Changes In The Fishmeal Market
The Market For Fishmeal
Table 51 Estimated Sales Of Fishmeal, Worldwide, Through 2008 ($ Millions)
Leading Competitors In The Fishmeal Market
Fish Oil
Table 52 Estimated Percentage Of Fish Oil Used By Farmed Fish And Shrimp, Worldwide, 1994 And 2010 (%)
Nonfishmeal Aquafeeds
Table 53 Cultured Carnivorous Versus Noncarnivorus Finfish Production, Worldwide, 1984-1997 (Millions Of Metric Tons)
The Growing Demand For Alternative Feeds In China
The Market For Nonfishmeal Aquafeeds
Table 54 Estimated Sales Of Nonfishmeal Aquafeeds, Worldwide: Through 2008 ($ Millions)
Soybean-Based Feeds
Fishmeal Analog
Table 55 Comparison Of Catfish Fed Fishmeal Analog And Catfish Fed Fishmeal
Feed Peas
Rendered Products
Animal Versus Plant Protein In Feeds
Microalgae
Liquid Feeds
Genetic Modification To Expand Feed Availability
Feeds For Catfish
Table 56 Catfish Feed Volume, U.S., 1997-2008 (Thousand Tons)
Table 57 Catfish Feed Prices, U.S.: 1997-2003 ($/Ton)
Feeds For Salmon
Nature Of The Fish Feed Industry
Market Leaders In The Fish Feed Industry
Table 58 Market Shares By Production Volume Of Global Fish Feed Producers, 2002 (%)
Figure 2 Market Shares By Production Volume Of Global Fish Feed Producers, 2002 (%)
Pharmaceuticals
Pathogens Involved In Fish Disease
Stressors Increase The Chance Of Infection
Use Of Antibiotics In The Aquaculture Industry
Use Of Antibiotics In The Aquaculture Industry (Continued)
The Economics Of Medicated Feed
Determining The Sensitivity To Antibacterial Agents
Methods Of Drug Administration
Oral Administration
Water Administration
Parenteral Administration
Concerns About Antibiotic Residues In Aquaculture Products
Limiting The Use Of Antibiotics
Maximum Residue Limits For Aquaculture
Table 59 Proposed Maximum Residue Limits Relevant To Aquaculture
Table 60 Current Tolerances Relevant To Aquacultured Species In The U.S.
Table 61 Currently Approved Drugs For Aquaculture And Their Maximum Residue Limits: Canada
Table 62 Proposed Maximum Residue Limits Relevant To Aquaculture
Table 62 Continued
Worldwide Efforts To Limit The Use Of Antibiotics In Aquaculture
Zero Tolerance Standards
Vaccines
Adjuvant Technology
Encapsulation Technology
Recombinant Vaccine Technology
Dna Vaccine Technology
Nucleic Acid Vaccines
Vaccine Manufacturers
Synthetic Spawning Products
The Aquaculture Industry
Factors Driving The Industry
Small Countries May Become Big Players In The Aquaculture Market
Employment Increases In The Aquaculture Industry
Table 63 Fish Farmers By Continent, 1970-2000
The Importance Of Marketing Strategy
Building International Trade
The U.S.
China
Thailand
The Emergence Of Markets From Backyard Farms
The U.S. Aquaculture Market
Aquaculture Research And Development Centers
The Arizona Model
The Texas Model
Estimated Production Of Aquaculture In Texas
Table 64 Texas Aquaculture Production, 2001
Table 65 Texas Aquaculture Production, 2002
Table 65 (Continued)
Potential For A Commercial Catfish Industry In The Coastal Bend
Potential For A Commercial Catfish Industry In The Coastal Bend (Continued)
Government Involvement In The Development Of Aquaculture
Global Policies
Haccp
The Global Aquaculture Alliance Proposal To Address Antibiotic Residue Concerns
U.S. Policies
Safety Of Fish And Fish Products
Drug Reaction Reporting
European Policies
Concern About Contaminated Farmed Salmon In Britain
Policies In Canada
Government Funding Of Aquaculture
The U.S.
Mississippi Approves Labeling Of Catfish As Domestic Or Imported
Canada
Aquaculture: A Perfect Fit With Emerging Distribution Channels
Current Challenges And Needs In The Aquaculture Industry
Nutrition
Genetics
Environment
Environment (Continued)
Environment (Continued)
Ranking Aquaculture Species And Production Area By Eco-Friendliness
Funding
Regulatory Issues
Regulation Of Transgenic Fish As New Animal Drugs By The Fda
U.S. Federal Organic Rules Exclude Seafood
State Laws On The Size Of Crops
Company Profiles
Alpharma, Inc.
Business Overview
Products
Aquaculture Vaccines
Aqua Health (Europe)
Business Overview
Products
Products (Continued)
Corporate Strategy
Bayotek International, Inc.
Business Overview
Products
Biomar
Business Overview
Financial Information
Products
Corporate Strategy
Corporate Strategy (Continued)
Bioshelters, Inc.
Business Overview
Products
Corporate Strategy
Cards Aquaculture Products Ltd.
Business Overview
Products
Steel Cage Systems
The Viking Sea Cage System
Mooring Systems
Other Products
Corporate Strategy
Corey Feed Mills Ltd.
Business Overview
Products
Corporate Strategy
Ewos
Business Overview
Corporate Strategy
Farmocean International A.B.
Business Overview
Products
Products (Continued)
Powerring Mark Ii Model
Corporate Strategy
Mariculture Systems Inc.
Business Overview
Products
Table 66 Comparison Of Sargo Technology With Traditional Net Pens
Table 66 (Continued)
Corporate Strategy
Micro Gaia Inc.
Business Overview
Products
Corporate Strategy
Moore-Clark
Business Overview
Products
Corporate Strategy
Nelson & Sons Inc.
Business Overview
Corporate Strategy
Nutreco Holding N.V.
Business Overview
Financial Information
Products
Salmon Feed
Trout And Marine Species Feed
Innovations In Fish Feed
Corporate Strategy
The Aquaculture Division
Marketing Of Farmed Salmon
Restructuring The Aquaculture Division
Fish Feed
Acquisitions
Internal Growth
Procean A/S
Business Overview
Products
Products (Continued)
Quadra Pacific Netloft
Business Overview
Corporate Strategy
Reed Mariculture, Inc.
Products
Instant Algae
Instant Algae (Continued)
Zooplankton
Instant Rotifers Live Rotifer Concentrates
Shur-Gain
Business Overview
Products
Corporate Strategy
Syndel International Inc.
Business Overview
Products
Corporate Strategy
Water Management Technologies, Inc.
Business Overview
Products
Zeigler Bros., Inc.
Business Overview
Products
Corporate Strategy
Corporate Strategy (Continued)
List Of Tables
Summary Table:
Estimated Worldwide Aquaculture And Feed Products By Volume And Value, Through 2008
Table 1 Top Aquaculture-Producing Countries, By Volume, 1988 And 2000 (Metric Tons)
Table 2 Top Aquaculture-Producing Countries By Revenues, 2000 ($ Millions)
Table 3 Top 10 Countries In Fisheries Production, Capture And Aquaculture, 1999 (Million Metric Tons)
Table 4 Fish Production Trends, Selected Countries,1997-2030
Table 5 Names Of Common Aquaculture Species
Table 6 Top Volume Aquaculture Species, 1988 And 1997 (Metric Tons)
Table 7 Per Capita Consumption Of Fish By Geographic Area, 1985-2001 (Kilogram/Per Capita/Per Year)
Table 8 Per Capita Consumption Of Seafood By Product, U.S., 2001 (Pounds)
Table 9 Estimated Population Growth And Consumption Of Fish In North America, 1997-2020
Table 10 Capture Fishery Versus Aquaculture Production, Worldwide, 1986-2008 (Millions Of Metric Tons)
Table 11 Capture Versus Aquaculture Fishery Production, Percent Of Total, Worldwide, 1986-2008 (%)
Table 12 U.S. Exports Of Select Seafood Products: 2000-2002 ($'000, Lbs. '000s)
Table 13 U.S. Imports Of Select Seafood Products: 2000-2002
Table 14 Worldwide Aquaculture Production, Through 2008 (Million Metric Tons)
Table 15 Worldwide Market For Aquaculture Products, Through 2008 ($ Millions)
Table 16 Worldwide Fisheries Production And Utilization, 1998-2001 (Million Metric Tons)
Table 17 Fisheries Production And Utilization, Worldwide (Excluding China), 1998-2001 (Million Metric Tons)
Table 18 Top Aquaculture Species By Unit Value, Worldwide, 2001 (U.S. $/Kilogram)
Table 19 Sales Of Catfish By State, U.S., 2001 (%)
Table 20 Volume Of Farm-Raised Channel Catfish, North America, 1988-2008 (Metric Tons)
Table 21 Value Of Farm-Raised Channel Catfish, North America, 1988-2008 ($ Millions)
Table 22 Volume Of Farm-Raised Catfish Sold To Processors, U.S., 1997-2002 (1,000 Pounds)
Table 23 Volume Of Farm-Raised Catfish Sold By Processors, U.S., 1997-2003 (1,000 Pounds)
Table 24 Average Price Paid By Processors For Farm-Raised Catfish, U.S., 1997-2003 (Cents Per Pound)
Table 25 Average Price Received By Processors For Farm-Raised Catfish, U.S., 1997-2003 (Dollars Per Pound)
Table 26 Sales By Processors For Farm-Raised Catfish, U.S., 1997-2003 ($ Millions)
Table 27 Number Of Catfish Farms, U.S., 1982-2002
Table 28 Volume Of Imported Catfish, U.S., 1997-2001 (1,000 Pounds)
Table 29 Members Of The Cyprinid Family Of Fish Used As Food Fish And Average Annual Worldwide Production, 1992-2002
Table 30 Members Of The Salmonidae Family Of Fish Used As Food Fish And Average Annual Worldwide Production, 1992-2002
Table 31 Salmon Prices, 2001-2003
Table 32 Volume Of Farm-Raised Atlantic Salmon, North America, 1988-2008 (Metric Tons)
Table 33 Value Of Farm-Raised Atlantic Salmon, North America, 1988-2008 ($ Millions)
Table 34 Volume Of Farm-Raised Rainbow Trout, North America, 1988-2008 (Metric Tons)
Table 35 Value Of Farm-Raised Rainbow Trout, North America, 1988-2008 ($ Millions)
Table 36 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Fish Production, North America, 1988 (%)
Table 37 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Fish Production, North America, 1997 (%)
Table 38 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Fish Value, North America, 1988 (%)
Table 39 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Fish Value, North America, 1997 (%)
Table 40 Volume Of Cultured Crustacean Production, Worldwide, 1988-2008 (Metric Tons)
Table 41 Value Of Cultured Crustacean Production, Worldwide, 1988-2008 ($ Billions)
Table 42 Members Of The Penaeidae Family Used As Food Fish And Average Annual Worldwide Production, 1992-2002
Table 43 Value Of Cultured Mollusk Production, Worldwide, 1988-2008 ($ Billions)
Table 44 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Invertebrate Production, North America, 1988 (%)
Table 45 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Invertebrate Production, North America, 1997 (%)
Table 46 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Invertebrate Value, North America, 1988 (%)
Table 47 Percent By Species Of Farm-Raised Invertebrate Value, North America, 1997 (%)
Table 48 Volume Of Cultured Aquatic Plant Production, Worldwide, 1988-2008 (Metric Tons)
Table 49 Estimated Aquafeed Requirements By Volume, Worldwide: Through 2008 (Millions Of Metric Tons)
Table 50 Estimated Global Aquafeed Production And Fishmeal And Fish Oil Use For Major Aquaculture Species, 1997
Table 51 Estimated Sales Of Fishmeal, Worldwide, Through 2008 ($ Millions)
Table 52 Estimated Percentage Of Fish Oil Used By Farmed Fish And Shrimp, Worldwide, 1994 And 2010 (%)
Table 53 Cultured Carnivorous Versus Noncarnivorus Finfish Production, Worldwide, 1984-1997 (Millions Of Metric Tons)
Table 54 Estimated Sales Of Nonfishmeal Aquafeeds, Worldwide: Through 2008 ($ Millions)
Table 55 Comparison Of Catfish Fed Fishmeal Analog And Catfish Fed Fishmeal
Table 56 Catfish Feed Volume, U.S., 1997-2008 (Thousand Tons)
Table 57 Catfish Feed Prices, U.S.: 1997-2003 ($/Ton)
Table 58 Market Shares By Production Volume Of Global Fish Feed Producers, 2002 (%)
Table 59 Proposed Maximum Residue Limits Relevant To Aquaculture
Table 60 Current Tolerances Relevant To Aquacultured Species In The U.S.
Table 61 Currently Approved Drugs For Aquaculture And Their Maximum Residue Limits: Canada
Table 62 Proposed Maximum Residue Limits Relevant To Aquaculture
Table 63 Fish Farmers By Continent, 1970-2000
Table 64 Texas Aquaculture Production, 2001
Table 65 Texas Aquaculture Production, 2002
Table 66 Comparison Of Sargo Technology With Traditional Net Pens
List Of Figures
Summary Figure:
Estimated Value Of Worldwide Aquaculture And Feed Products, 2002-2008 ($ Millions)
Figure 1 Capture Versus Aquaculture Fishery Production, Percent Of Total, Worldwide, 1986-2008 (%)
Figure 2 Market Shares By Production Volume Of Global Fish Feed Producers, 2002 (%)
AbstractThe Food and Drug Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) defines aquaculture as the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic plants, where farming implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, e.g., directed growth, controlled environment. As recently as 30 years ago, most seafood (which includes freshwater species in the broad definition) came from capture fishery. In 1970, 3.9% of total seafood production by weight was produced by aquaculture; in 2003, approximately 28.9% of total seafood production by weight is produced by aquaculture. This report covers the technologies, demographics and market conditions affecting the aquaculture market. The markets for the leading aquaculture products including freshwater and marine fish, crustaceans and mollusks as well as for aquatic plants are discussed in detail and forecast from 2002 to 2008. Markets for products used in aquaculture, such as containment systems (cages, nets, pens and tanks), water filtration systems, feeds, and pharmaceuticals are forecast from 2002 to 2008. The largest geographic producers and the nature of their aquaculture industry are described. The growth of aquaculture-from essentially a means of subsistence farming in poor countries to a worldwide commercial market-is chronicled as well. Profiles of companies engaged in aquaculture as well as those producing equipment, feeds and pharmaceuticals for aquaculture are included.
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