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Market For Gene Therapy and Antisense Drugs

Published by: Kalorama Information

Published: Aug. 1, 1995 - 217 Pages

Now 50% off the original sale price of $3,250.

Table of Contents


Chapter 1: Executive Summary

Introduction to Gene Therapy

The Status of Gene Therapy

Technology Trends

  • Gene Transfer Methods
  • Delivery Products
  • Target Cells
  • Antisense

Disease Targets
  • 94 Clinical Trials Approved in the U.S.

Strategies for the Successful Development of Gene Therapy Products

The Market for Gene Therapy Products

Chapter 2: Introduction to Gene Therapy

Scope and Methodology

Definition

  • Classic Gene Therapy
  • Antisense Drugs and Triple Helix Technology
  • Catalytic Ribozymes

    A Primer on Molecular Biology
    • Structure of the Genome
    • The Language of Genes
    • Proteins Constructed Through Intermediary or Messenger RNA

Chapter 3: Technology

The Status of Gene Therapy

  • Ex Vivo and In Vivo Approaches

The Challenges of Gene Therapy
  • Immunorejection
  • Activation of Introduced Genes
  • Achieving Sufficient Gene Transfer
  • Cost
  • Safety

Classic Gene Therapy

Viral Vectors
  • Adenoviruses
  • Adeno-associated Virus
  • Herpesviruses
  • Hybrid Viral Delivery Vehicles
  • Retroviruses
  • Sindbis Virus
  • Vaccinia Virus
  • Receptor-Targeted Gene Delivery

Concerns and Problems With Viral Vectors

Alternatives to Viral Gene Therapy

Synthetic Receptors

Synthetic Vectors

Muscle Cells as Gene Factories

Physical DNA Transfer Methods
  • Aerosolization
  • Electroporation
  • Eukaryotic Layered Vector System
  • The Gene Gun
  • Liposomes
  • Mammalian Artificial Minichromosomes
  • Microencapsulation
  • Microinjection
  • Naked DNA
  • Plasmids

Delivery Products
  • Antibodies
  • Antigens
  • Cytokines
  • Multiple-Drug-Resistance Genes
  • Suicide Genes
  • Tumor Suppressor Genes and Oncogenes
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Target Cells
  • Muscle Cells
  • Stem Cells

Antisense Drugs and Triple Helix Technology

Antisense
  • Potentially Applicable to 80% of All Diseases
  • Switching Off Genes That Have Gone Awry
  • Cost Effectiveness
  • Oligonucleotides
  • Antisense RNA
  • Aptamers
  • Genetic Antisense
  • Triplex Technology

Catalytic Ribozymes
  • Ribozymes Degrade Target DNA
  • Making RNA Degradation Specific

Advantages of Ribozyme Technology Over Antisense

Chapter 4: Disease Targets and Research Status for Gene Therapy

Disease Targets by Company

94 Clinical Trials in Progress in the U.S.

European Gene Therapy Trials

Selected Approved Classic Gene Therapy and Antisense Protocols

  • ADA Deficiency
  • Anemia
  • Cancer
    • Astrocytoma
    • Breast Cancer
    • Brain Tumor
    • Central Nervous System Malignancies
    • Colon Cancer
    • Colorectal Cancer
    • Glioblastoma
    • Head and Neck Tumors
    • Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis
    • Leukemia
    • Liver Cancer
    • Lung Cancer
    • Malignant Glioma
    • Malignant Mesothelioma
    • Melanoma
    • Neuroblastoma
    • Ovarian Cancer
    • Prostate Cancer
    • Renal Cell Carcinoma
    • Solid Tumors
  • Cardiovascular Disease
    • Familial Hypercholesterolemia
    • Peripheral Artery Disease
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Gaucher’s Disease
  • HIV Infection and AIDS
  • Hunter’s Syndrome
  • Papilloma Virus
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis

Disease Targets in Research
  • AIDS
  • Alzheimer’s Disease
  • Arthritis
  • Cachexia
  • Cancer
    • Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
    • Prostate Cancer
  • Chronic Granulomatous Disease
  • Diabetes
  • Fragile X Syndrome
  • Gaucher’s Disease
  • Gyrate Atrophy
  • Hemophilia
  • Hepatitis
  • Herpes Simplex Virus
  • Malaria
  • Muscular Dystrophy
  • Parkinson’s Disease
  • Restenosis
  • Retinal Degeneration
  • Sickle Cell Anemia

Chapter 5: Issues and Trends

The Human Genome Project

  • International Genome Projects
  • The National Institutes of Health Support of Gene Therapy

Conditions for Which Specific Genes Have Been Identified

Strategies for the Successful Development of Gene Therapy Products
  • The “Gene Club”
  • Collaborative Agreements with Commercial Diagnostics Companies
  • The Multivector Approach
  • Genomics
  • Investors Bullish on Genomics
  • Probationary Alliances
  • Japanese Alliances

Regulatory Issues
  • Moral and Safety Issues Addressed
  • Reimbursement
  • Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee
  • The Food and Drug Administration
  • Strategies to Successfully Receive RAC and FDA Approval
  • The Advent of the Clinical/Regulatory Consultant
  • Steps in the Gene Therapy Viral Vector Development Process
  • Patent Protection
  • Companies Arise to Facilitate Academic Technology Transfer

Chapter 6: The Market

Methodology

Notes on the Data

Timing

Size of the Market for Leading Diseases

  • AIDS and AIDS-Associated Diseases
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • HIV
  • Cancer
    • Breast Cancer
    • Colon Cancer
    • Colorectal Cancer
    • Kidney Cancer
    • Liver Cancer
    • Lung Cancer
    • Melanoma
    • Ovarian Cancer
    • Prostate Cancer
    • Solid Tumors
  • Cystic Fibrosis

    Size of the Market for Other Diseases
    • Alzheimer’s Disease
    • Cardiovascular Disorders
      • Familial Hypercholesterolemia
      • Restenosis
    • Diabetes
    • Gaucher’s Disease
    • Hemophilia
    • Hepatitis B
    • Parkinson’s Disease
    • Rheumatoid Arthritis

    Chapter 7: Corporate Profiles

    Agracetus, Inc.

    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information (for W.R. Grace)
    • Products
    • Corporate Strategies

    AntiVirals, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Applied Immune Sciences, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Avigen, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Canji, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Cell Genesys, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Darwin Molecular Corporation
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    GeneMedicine, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development

    Genetic Therapy, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Genome Therapeutics Corp.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    GenVec, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Human Genome Sciences, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    The Immune Response Corporation
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • BPI
    • Protease Nexin-1
    • Human Galaptin L-14-1
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Introgen Therapeutics, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Products
    • Research and Development

    MicroProbe Corporation
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Sequana Therapeutics, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development

    Somatix Therapy Corporation
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Targeted Genetics Corporation
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Corporate Strategies

    Transkaryotic Therapies Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Products
    • Corporate Strategies

    Viagene, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Vical, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Zynaxis, Inc.
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Products
    • Research and Development
    • Corporate Strategies

    Appendix A: Agencies and Associations

    American Genetic Association

    American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering

    American Society of Human Genetics

    (Also known as Genetics Society of America)

    Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research

    Human Genome Organization

    National Center for Human Genome Research
    (Oversees U.S. contributions to the Human Genome Project)

    National Eye Institute

    National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

    National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

    National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

    National Institutes of Health

    Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee

    U.S. Department of Energy

    Appendix B: Company Names and Addresses

    Agracetus, Inc. (A wholly owned subsidiary of W.R. Grace)

    Ajinomoto Company

    Antivirals, Inc.

    Applied Biosystems Inc.

    Applied Immune Sciences, Inc.

    Ariad Pharmaceuticals Inc.

    Athena Diagnostics (Formerly Genica Pharmaceuticals)

    Avigen, Inc.

    Baxter Biotech (A division of Baxter International Inc.)

    Biogen Inc.

    Boron Biologicals, Inc.

    Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

    British Technology Group USA

    Burroughs Wellcome Company (A division of Wellcome Plc)

    Canji Inc.

    Cell Genesys Inc.

    CellPro Inc.

    Chiron Corporation

    CLIN/REGS Associates

    Collaborative Research (See Genome Therapeutics)

    Darwin Molecular Corporation

    Eli Lilly and Company

    Enzo Biochem, Inc.

    Gen-Probe, Inc.

    GeneMedicine, Inc.

    Genentech, Inc.

    Genespan Corporation

    Genetic Therapy, Inc.

    Genetics Institute, Inc.

    Genetix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

    Genica Pharmaceuticals (See Athena Diagnostics)

    Genome Therapeutics

    Genta Inc.

    GenVec Inc.

    Genzyme, Inc.

    Gilead Sciences

    Glaxo Holdings Plc

    Green Cross Corporation

    Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.

    Human Genome Sciences Inc.

    Hybridon, Inc.

    Imclone Systems Inc.

    The Immune Response Corporation

    Immunex Corporation

    Ingenex Inc. (A Titan Pharmaceuticals company)

    Integrated Genetics Inc.

    Introgen Therapeutics

    Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc.

    Lynx Therapeutics, Inc.

    Matritech Inc.

    Megabios Corporation

    Merck and Company

    Microbiological Associates, Inc.

    MicroProbe Corporation

    Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc.

    Myriad Genetics Inc.

    NeXagen, Inc.

    Oncogene Science Inc.

    Pfizer, Inc.

    PharmaGenics, Inc.

    RPR Gencell (A division of Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Inc.)

    Research Corporation Technologies

    Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Inc.

    Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

    Ribozyme Technology Inc. (A division of Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation)

    Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation

    Schering-Plough Corporation

    Sequana Therapeutics

    SmithKline Beecham Corporation (A division of SmithKline Beecham Plc)

    Somatix Therapy Corporation

    Stem Cell Sciences

    Syntex Corporation

    Synthecell

    SyStemix Inc.

    Targeted Genetics Corporation (A subsidiary of Immunex Corporation)

    Theragen (See GenVec)

    Transgene SA

    Transkaryotic Therapies Inc.

    Triplex Pharmaceutical Corporation

    The Upjohn Company

    Viagene, Inc.

    Vical Inc.

    Virogenetics Corporation

    Wellcome Plc

    Zynaxis, Inc.

    Abstract

    Once approved, gene therapy will completely supersede approaches to diseases that treat symptoms rather than affect a cure. The gene therapy market will grow quickly and is forecast to hit $3.2 billion in 2000 and $60 billion in 2005. This report from Kalorama Information examines the advantages and disadvantages of the various types of gene therapy and assesses which technologies and companies are likely to lead the market. Examines the most promising products and technologies, technological challenges, and possible solutions. Analyzes strategies used by the competitors involved in developing gene therapy and predicts which company is likely to be first to launch a product. Includes market forecasts for leading product sectors. Profiles AntiVirals, Avigen, Cell Genesys, Gene Medicine, Enzo Biochem, Genetic Therapy, and others.

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