Nanotechnology in Environmental Applications: The Global Market

Published by: BCC Research

Published: Jul. 1, 2009 - 340 Pages

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY

SCOPE OF REPORT

METHODOLOGY

INFORMATION SOURCES

AUTHOR’S CREDENTIALS

BCC ONLINE SERVICES

DISCLAIMER

DISCLAIMER (CONTINUED)

CHAPTER TWO: SUMMARY

SUMMARY

SUMMARY (CONTINUED)

SUMMARY (CONTINUED)

SUMMARY (CONTINUED)

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, 2008-2014 ($ MILLIONS)

CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW

ENVIRONMENTS IN QUESTION: BRIEF HISTORY, CURRENT STATUS, AND FUTURE PROJECTIONS

NANOTECHNOLOGY: BRIEF HISTORY, CURRENT STATUS, AND FUTURE PROJECTIONS

TABLE 1 INDUSTRY SECTORS LIKELY TO BE DISRUPTED BY NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE NEAR-TERM ($ BILLIONS)

LEVELS OF DEMAND FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

EXCLUSIONS

FACTORS DRIVING DEMAND

FACTORS DRIVING DEMAND (CONTINUED)

TABLE 2 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION, INCLUDING TRADITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL, RENEWABLE ENERGY, AND LOW CARBON SECTORS, THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)

FIGURE 1 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION, INCLUDING TRADITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL, RENEWABLE ENERGY, AND LOW CARBON SECTORS, 2008-2014 ($ BILLIONS)

TABLE 3 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2008-2014 (%)

FIGURE 2 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET SHARE BY REGION, 2008-2014 (%)

TABLE 4 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET SHARE BY SECTOR (2007/8)

TABLE 4 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 5 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET SECTOR: VALUE BY COUNTRY, 2007 AND 2008 ($ BILLIONS)

TABLE 5 (CONTINUED)

FACTORS DRIVING DEMAND (CONTINUED)

CHAPTER FOUR: NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

BACKGROUND DATA

ANATOMY OF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

TABLE 6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE (CLEAN DRY AIR)

TABLE 6 (CONTINUED)

REVIEW OF NATURAL CYCLES, SELF-CLEANSING PROCESSES, THROUGHPUT RATES AND VOLUMES

OXYGEN CYCLE

CARBON CYCLE

NITROGEN CYCLE

SULFUR CYCLE

ATMOSPHERIC CLEANSING PROCESSES

ATMOSPHERIC DEGRADATION

PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTION (POPS)

TABLE 7 ATMOSPHERIC PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS)

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)

TABLE 8 ATMOSPHERIC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)

HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (HAPS)

TABLE 9 HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS

TABLE 9 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 10 CONCENTRATIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES (2008)

HEAVY METALS

TABLE 11 ATMOSPHERIC HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS

TAR BALLS

GLOBAL HOT SPOTS REQUIRING AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

TABLE 12 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION

TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)

CONTEMPORARY AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES

Air Emissions/Off-Gas Remediation

NANOMATERIALS FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

Ambient Air Purification

Ambient Air … (Continued)

TABLE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

NANOFIBERS

Electrospun Cellulose Nanofibers

Polymeric Nanofibers

Spider Silk Nanofibers

“Nanospider” Nanofiber Polymers

Nanotube Fibers

Nanocrystalline Polymer Nanofibers

Ultrafine Fibers with Internal Nanometric Pores

Electrospun Nanofiber Nonwoven Fabrics

Meltblown Nanofibers

Islands-In-The-Sea Nanofibers

Segmented Pie-Structured Nanofibers

Coated Nanofiber Webs

TABLE 14 NANOFIBERS FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 15 (CONTINUED)

FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS

Nanoporous Membranes

Nanoparticle-Enhanced Nanoporous Membranes

Carbonaceous Adsorptive Nanoporous Membrane

Reactive Nanoporous Membrane

Zeolite Nanoporous Membranes

Self-Assembled Monolayers on Mesoporous Supports (SAMMs)

Aerogel Nanoporous Membranes

Ceramic Nanoporous Membranes

Hybrid Nanoporous Membranes

Asymmetric C60 Nanoporous Membranes

Diatomic Nanoporous Membranes

Nanotube Nanoporous Membranes

Nanotubule Nanoporous Membranes

Dendrimer Functionalized Nanoporous Membranes

Carbide-Derived Carbon Nanoporous Membranes (CDCs)

Adsorbent Filled Membranes

Gold Nanoclusters in Carbon Molecular Sieves

Nanocrystal Zeolites for Nitrogen Dioxide Decomposition

TABLE 16 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

TABLE 16 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, 2008-2014 ($ MILLIONS)

Potential Nanotechnology-Based Stratospheric In Situ Cleansing Strategies

Potential Ozone Layer Remediation

Potential Ozone Hole Repair

Molecular Tailoring for Ozone Layer Remediation

Potential Nanotechnology-Based Tropospheric In Situ Cleansing Strategies

Self-Cleaning Cements for Urban Air Remediation

Strengthening Concrete

Solar Stucco

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration from the Open Atmosphere

Carbon Dioxide … (Continued)

Nanoporous Calcium Oxide

Sodium Hydroxide Nanoparticles

Molecular Sieves

Molecular Baskets

Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

Nanoparticle Enhanced Polymer Membranes

Nanotube Arrayed Membranes

Treated Serpentine Minerals

Rubisco (Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase) Enzyme

Ionic Liquids

Open Atmosphere Wind-Scrubbers

TABLE 18 POTENTIAL NANOSCALE ENTITIES FOR CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION

TABLE 18 (CONTINUED)

Plasma Pyrolysis

Micro-Bubble Cavitation for Plasma Pyrolysis

Ocean-Based Nanotechnologies for Atmospheric Remediation

TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS FOR THE SEQUESTRATION OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 6 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS FOR THE SEQUESTRATION OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE, 2008-2014 ($ MILLIONS)

Nanotechnologies for Indoor Air Quality Remediation

Indoor Air and Dust Endocrine Disrupting Compounds

TABLE 20 ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS IN INDOOR AIR

Nanometric Surfaces for Air Purification

Nanoscale Hygienic Surfaces

Nanoceramic Panels

Nanophotonics

Enhanced Air Conditioning

Antibacterial and Antibiotic Nanocolloids

Inorganic Nanotube Arrays for Indoor Air Quality

Nanophotonics for Cleaning and Maintaining the Indoor Environment

TABLE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 7 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, 2008-2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 22 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS FOR ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUND REMEDIATION FOR INDOOR AIR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

Hypothetical Nanocatalytic Paints

Nanofiltration of Airborne Pathogens

Nanobacteria Dispersal in Clouds

Airborne Pathogen Filtration

Cyclic Peptide Nanotubes for the Eradication of Airborne Bacteria

Reactive Nanoparticle Materials

TABLE 25 LIST OF AIRBORNE PATHOGENS AND DIMENSIONS (MICRONS)

TABLE 25 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 25 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 26 EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL BIODISRUPTIVE ENTITIES

TABLE 26 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 27 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED AIRBORNE PATHOGEN REMEDIATION (NATURALLY OCCURRING AND VIA DELIBERATE BIODISRUPTION), THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

CHAPTER FIVE: NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION

DELETERIOUS PATTERNS IN POTABLE WATER RESERVOIRS

BACKGROUND DATA

Composition of Fresh Water and Ocean Water

TABLE 28 ESTIMATE OF GLOBAL WATER DISTRIBUTION

TABLE 29 ION BALANCE IN TYPICAL FRESH WATER (%)

TABLE 30 SEAWATER ELEMENTS AND CONCENTRATIONS

Hydrologic Cycle

Groundwater

Aquifers

TABLE 31 EXAMPLES OF AQUIFER DEPLETION

TABLE 31 (CONTINUED)

Water Contaminants

TABLE 32 POTENTIAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER

TABLE 32 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 32 (CONTINUED)

Global Hot Spots Requiring Water Quality Remediation

TABLE 33 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR WATER POLLUTION

TABLE 33 (CONTINUED)

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR WATER FILTRATION—INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL, RESIDENTIAL, AND PERSONAL

Nanoporous Membranes

Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Nanofiltration

Ultrafiltration

Microfiltration Membranes

TABLE 34 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE WATER FILTRATION

NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE ANTI-BIOFOULING MEASURES

Cross Flow Turbulent Cleaning

Vibratory Membrane for Anti-Fouling

Self-Assembled Hybrid Reverse Osmosis Membrane

TABLE 35 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AMBIENT WATER REMEDIATION (SURFACE WATERS—OCEANS, LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 8 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AMBIENT WATER REMEDIATION (SURFACE WATERS—OCEANS, LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) 2008-2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 36 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION (INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL), THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)

FIGURE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION (INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL), 2008-2014 ($ BILLIONS)

NANOSCALE ENTITIES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION

NANOFIBERS FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION

Zeolite and Titania Nanofibers

Nano Alumina Fiber Filter

Hollow Fiber Membrane Biofilm Reactor (Spaghetti Filter)

Self-Cleaning “Smart” Fabric

The Lifestraw

NANOPARTICLES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION

Catalytic Structures Synthesized By DNA Self-Assembly

Oxidic Nanotubes

Nanocrystalline Magnesia

Titanium Dioxide Nanorod Arrays

Molybdenum Disulfide Hollow Nanospheres and Nanocrystals

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFS)

Polyoxometalates (POMS)

Nanoscale Dendritic Chelating Agents

Nanomagnetic Fluids

Core Shell Nanoparticles

Caged Single-Enzyme Nanoparticles (SENS)

Cationic Liposome-Microtubule Complexes

Destruction of Pesticides and Munitions Toxins with Iron-Taml Activators

NANOMEMBRANE/SIEVE-LIKE STRUCTURES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION

GLAD (Glancing Angle Deposition) for Sculpted Thin-Film Fabrication

Polyfunctional Ligands

Robust Polymeric Nanoporous Materials

“Industrial Kidneys” for Heavy Metal Recovery from Wastewater

Rotaxane Activated Nano Valve

Nanotube-Based Fluid Filters

Alumoxane Nanoparticle Pre-Ceramic Membranes

Ferroxane Nanoparticle Pre-Ceramic Membranes

Nanoporous Solids via Nanoparticle Templating

Nanosponges

Membrane-Embedded Nanometric Metals

PHOTOCATALYSTS FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION

Photoenzymes

“Sense and Shoot” Photo-Catalytic Degradation

Fountain Photocatalytic Reactor

Ferritin Proteins for Photochemical Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium Cr(Vi)

Nanoscale TiO2 Photocatalyts

Titanium Oxynitride Photocatalysts

Zinc Oxide Photodegradation

SEAWATER DESALINATION

High Volume Seawater Desalination

Hydrogel-Bridged Nanofluidic Polycarbonate Membranes

Aerogel Capacitive De-ionization

Magnetoferritin for Desalination

Nanocomposite Reverse-Selective Membranes

Forward Osmosis Filter

Aligned Carbon Nanotube Electrode Capacitator

Superhydrophobic Membranes with Ordered Arrays of Nanospiked Microchannels for Water Desalination

TABLE 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MEDIA FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MEDIA FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

OIL SPILL REMEDIATION

Organically Modified Clays

Robust Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs)

Photosensitized Colloidal Titanium Dioxide

Nanowire Mesh

RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL RECOVERY

Uranium Concentration from Seawater via Nanofiltration .... 135

Uranium Degradation with Bacteria

Nanocomposite Pillared Clay Catalysts for Nuclear Waste Applications

MULTIFUNCTIONAL NANOMATERIALS

Multiple-Use Materials for Photocatalysis of Contaminants

Cyclodextrin Nanoporous Polymers

Smart Nanoparticles

PRECISION CHEMISTRY FOR CONTAMINANT ERADICATION

Potential for Complete Degradation of Contaminants

Vault Nanocapsules for Contaminant Encapsulation and Degradation

TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR SURFACE WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 (OCEAN, LAKE, RIVER, STREAM) ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 39 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, (INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/DOMESTIC), THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

CHAPTER SIX: NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION

TABLE 40 U.S. SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION DATA, 2004

BACKGROUND DATA

Anatomy and Composition of Healthy Soils

Biological Soil Crust

Topsoil

Vadose Zone

Hardpan

Water Table

Formal Soil Classification

Global Hotspots for Soil Contaminant Remediation

TABLE 41 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR SOIL/GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION

TABLE 41 (CONTINUED)

CONTEMPORARY SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES

In Situ Biological Remediation

In Situ Physical/Chemical Remediation

In Situ Thermal Remediation

Ex Situ Biological Remediation

Ex Situ Physical/Chemical Remediation (Assuming Excavation)

Ex Situ Thermal Remediation (Assuming Excavation)

NANOPARTICLES FOR SOIL REMEDIATION

Nanoscale Iron Colloids

Iron-Palladium Nanoparticles for Groundwater Remediation

Ferrogels

Bimetallic Nanoparticles

Nanoclays for Soil Remediation

Hydrophobic Sand

Metal Oxide Destructive Adsorbants

Assembly of Remedial Metal Oxide Nanoparticles with Proteins

Polymeric/Inorganic Hybrid Sorbent for Arsenic Removal

Amphiphilic Polyurethane Nanonetwork Polymer Particles

Polymeric Nanoparticles

Nanoparticle Farming

Geopolymers for Encapsulation/Immobilization of Hazardous Wastes

TABLE 42 HAZARDOUS ELEMENTS LOCKED WITHIN GEOPOLYMERIC CEMENTS IN ACIDIC MEDIA (%)

Geopolymers for Encapsulation/Immobilization of Radioactive Wastes

Geopolymers for …(Continued)

NANO-ORGANICS IN SOIL REMEDIATION

Bacteria in Soil Remediation

TABLE 43 BACTERIA FOR SOIL AND GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION

Genetically Engineered Nanoscale Biopolymers

Genetically Modified Bacteria for Soil/Groundwater Bioremediation

TABLE 44 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 45 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR AGRICULTURAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

Hypothetical Tri-Purpose Remediation

CHAPTER SEVEN: NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED SUBSTITUTES FOR MATERIALS, MECHANISMS, AND PROCESSES

Transportation

Nanomaterial Rubber Replacements

Nanoclay Tire Sealants

Nanoscale Catalytic Converters

Single-Nanocatalyst Catalytic Converters

Nanomaterials Enhance Fuel Efficiency

Nanocomposites

Nanometric Self-Cleaning Vehicle Coatings

Nanosensors

Nanoparticle Solid Lubricants

Cleaner Fuels Using Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) Nanoclusters

CO2 Solvents

PESTICIDE REPLACEMENTS

Pesticide Nanoencapsulation

Nano Green

Nanocages for Pesticides

Biocidal Silver for Crop Protection

Silver Biocidal Coatings for Meat Processing

Livestock and Aquaculture

Fishpond Cleaning with Nanoparticles

DNA Nanocapsule Vaccination

DNA/Chitosan Nanoparticle Vaccine

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

“Ecosphere” Nanoparticle Cardboard Adhesive

Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Nano-Engineered Barrier Plastics

Enhanced Insulating Materials

NANOTECHNOLOGY ENHANCED RECYCLING

Nanotechnology Enhanced …Continued)

Plastic Substitutes and Recycling

On-Site/At-Source (Os/As) Nanotechnology Enhanced Recycling

On-Site/At-Source Manufacturing Sector Recovery and Recycling

Continuous Water Recycling Loops

NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED ENERGY HARVESTING AND GENERATION

Biological Systems: Molecular Level Energy

Harvesting/Generation

Glucose-Powered Catalytic Biofuel Cell

Enzymatically Active Thin Films

Photoelectrocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFE)

Nanotechnology-Enhanced Solar Energy Conversion

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Spray-on Solar Cells

Full-Spectrum Solar Cells

Artificial Photosynthesis

Artificial Solar Leaves

Photosystem I Protein Complex

Organic Photovoltaics

Tandem Solar Cells

Photovoltaic Paint

Nonsilicon Solar Cells

Diatoms Boost Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Efficiency

Energy Harvesting “Trees”

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND FUEL PRODUCTION

Fuel Production via Artificial Photosynthesis

Nanotechnology-Based Fuel Cells

Hydrogen Storage

Nanographite

Metal-Doped Carbon Aerogels

Nanotube Hydrogen Storage

Nanoscroll Hydrogen Storage

Zeolite Hydrogen Storage

Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production

NANOTECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED BATTERIES

TABLE 46 GLOBAL BATTERY MARKET, 2008 ($ BILLIONS)

Lithium-Ion Batteries

Ultra-High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nano-Battery

Carbon Aerogel Ultracapacitors

Nanotech Batteries for a New Energy Future

Virus-Enabled Batteries

NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN FORESTRY

Forest Products Processing

Biocidal Silver for Wood Preservation

Nanocomposite Building Materials

Wood Cell Walls

NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing Paradigm Shift: Hypothetical Scenario

DNA-Based Manufacturing

Initial Assembly

Intermediate Assembly

Final Assembly

Outlook

CHAPTER EIGHT: NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MAINTENANCE

NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MAINTENANCE

TABLE 47 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOSENSORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING (AMBIENT AND INDOOR), THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOSENSORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING (AMBIENT AND INDOOR), 2008-2014 ($ MILLIONS)

NANOSENSORS APPLIED TO AIR QUALITY MAINTENANCE

Quantum Dot Nanosensors

Luminescent Nanoscale Semiconductors

Nanoscale Metal Oxide Molecular Sieves

Molecular Sieve Thin Films

Nanomechanical Biosensors

Mesoporous Silica Nanostructures

Self-Assembling Nanointerferometric Cavities

Single Molecule Detection

Carbon Nanotube Coated Acoustic/Optical Hybrid Sensor

Optical Nanocomposites

Planar Photonic Crystal

Plasmonic Photonic Crystals

Nanometric Artificial Opals

Fiber-Optic Nanobiosensors for Nitric Oxide, Nitrite, and Chloride

Pore Proteins for Metal Ion Sensing

Resistive-Pulse Molecular and Ion Sensors

Brownian Modulated Optical Nanoprobes (MOONs)

Nanoscale Affinity Biosensors

Piezoresistive Nanomechanical Micro/Nanocantilevers

Metal Oxide Nanobelts, Nanoribbons, Nanocantilevers

Nanostructured Photonic Silicon for Gas Sensing

Nanoparticle Colorimetric Lead Sensor

MEMS-Based Nanosensor Packaging for Harsh Environments

Nanocomposite Thin-Film Chemical Sensors

Nanometric RPVs (Remote Piloted Vehicles

Inorganic Nanotube Hydrogen Sensors

Passive Carbon Nanotube-Based Ammonia Sensor

PEBBLE Platform Nanosensors

Explosives Detection with Silole and Polysilole Nanowires and Nanoparticles

Electronic Nose

NANOSENSORS APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY MAINTENANCE

Rapid Diagnostics for Bacteria

Nanostructured Porous Silicon and Luminescent Polysiloles

Polyelectrolyte Hollow Nanocapsule Reaction Cages

Ionic Polymeric Metal Composites (IPMC) Nanosensors

Organo-Clay Film Nanosensors

Host-Guest System Contaminant Sequestration

Cellulose Fibril Piezo-Nanosensors

Electronic Tongue

Atomic Crystal Layers

Nanoporous Polymer Gas Sensors

Nanowire and Nanocrystal Field-Effect Sensors

Nanoshells

Universal Nanosensing Platform

NANOSENSOR NETWORKS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MAINENTANCE

SensorNet System

Locally Pervasive, Environmental Intelligent Sensing Nodes

Smart Dust

Wavenis Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Microclimate Monitoring System

Radio Chips

Mesh Network Strategies

Environmental “Collective” Cell Phone Sensor Net

Nanosensors Applied to Forestry

Agricultural Nanosensor Networks

RADIATION DETECTION

Dendritic Polymers

Superconductor-Insulator-Normal Metal (SIN) Tunnel Junction

Quantum Dot UV Light Detectors for Nanosensors

CHAPTER NINE: NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT

NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PROCESSING ENHANCEMENT

NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE …(CONTINUED)

TABLE 48 EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL STATUS FOR GM PRODUCT LABELING, 2005 AND 2006 (RELEVANCE TO POTENTIAL FUTURE NANO-LABELING REQUIREMENTS)

NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE …(CONTINUED)

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND THE POTENTIAL ENHANCEMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

Topsoil Binder

Buckyball Fertilizer

Titanium Dioxide Colloid for Plant Growth Enhancement

Functional Foods

Colloidosomes

DNA and Genetic Therapy for Plants

Atomic Level Seed Modification

TABLE 49 POTENTIAL NANOCAPSULE PAYLOAD RELEASE METHODS

TABLE 50 NANOENCAPSULATION APPLICATIONS TO AGRICULTURE

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND HUMAN HEALTH ISSUES

NANOPARTICLE TOXICITY

TABLE 51 NANOPARTICLE DIMENSIONS AND ACCESS TO BIOSYSTEMS

POTENTIAL NANOPARTICLE EFFECTS ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

SELF-REGULATED ASSEMBLY AND BUILT-IN DISASSEMBLY OF NANOSTRUCTURES

Molecular Assemblers

Nanostructure Disassembly Strategies

Global Ecophagy

Potential Nanoparticle: Fate and Effect Forecasting

BRIEF SURVEY OF NANOPARTICLE EFFECTS ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

Aerosolized Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media and Foods:

Nanoparticle Effects on Blood Cells

Carbon Nanotubes and Human T Lymphocytes

Nanoscale and Microscale Zinc Powders

Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Cytotoxicity of C60 Aggregates

Toggling of C60Toxicity

BIONANOTECHNOLOGY AND NANOMEDICINE

CHAPTER TEN: A PROFILE SAMPLING OF ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY COMPANIES

ALTAIR NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC

APNANO MATERIALS, INC.

R&D CENTER

R&D Center (Continued)

APPLIED NANOTECH HOLDINGS INC

APPLIED SCIENCES INC

CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY, INC

INTERNATIONAL OFFICES:

CYRIUM TECHNOLOGIES

DONALDSON CO., INC.

DUST NETWORKS

ELECTROVAYA

UNITED STATES OFFICE:

ELMARCO

NANO DIVISION

EMEMBRANE, INC.

ESPIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

GREEN EARTH NANO SCIENCE, INC

HEPA CORPORATION

HILLS, INC.

HOLLINGSWORTH & VOSE

HYBRID PLASTICS, INC.

WEST COAST OFFICE

INAX CORPORATION

INFRAMAT CORPORATION

MATERIAL SALES

JMAR TECHNOLOGIES

JOHNS MANVILLE

KOCH MEMBRANE SYSTEMS, INC.

NANOMASK, INC.

NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

NANOSCALE CORPORATION

NANOSTELLAR INC.

NOVACENTRIX INC

OXONICA, INC

U.S. OFFICE

QUANTUMSPHERE, INC.

SENSICORE

VALEO

CHAPTER ELEVEN: PATENT SURVEY AND ANALYSIS

PATENT SURVEY AND ANALYSIS

PATENT SURVEY AND ANALYSIS (CONTINUED)

TABLE 52 NANOTECHNOLOGIES RELATIVE TO THE ENVIRONMENT: PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS FROM 1975 TO MARCH 2009 (A COMPARATIVE TABLE)

TABLE 52 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 52 (CONTINUED)

CHAPTER TWELVE: NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES, POLICIES AND LAWS

ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY POLICY PERSPECTIVES

ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY … (CONTINUED)

ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY … (CONTINUED)

ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY … (CONTINUED)

ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY … (CONTINUED)

ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY … (CONTINUED)

ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY … (CONTINUED)

ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY … (CONTINUED)

ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY … (CONTINUED)

ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY … (CONTINUED)

CHAPTER THIRTEEN: FOOD FOR THOUGHT: ETHICAL AND MORAL CONSIDERATIONS

FOOD FOR THOUGHT: ETHICAL AND MORAL CONSIDERATIONS

CASES IN POINT

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION (CONTINUED)

LIST OF TABLES

SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY

MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, THROUGH 2014 ($

MILLIONS)

TABLE 1 INDUSTRY SECTORS LIKELY TO BE DISRUPTED BY

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE NEAR-TERM ($ BILLIONS)

TABLE 2 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION,

INCLUDING TRADITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL, RENEWABLE

ENERGY, AND LOW CARBON SECTORS, THROUGH 2014 ($

BILLIONS)

TABLE 3 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET SHARE BY REGION,

2008-2014 (%)

TABLE 4 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET SHARE BY SECTOR

(2007/8)

TABLE 5 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET SECTOR: VALUE BY

COUNTRY, 2007 AND 2008 ($ BILLIONS)

TABLE 6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

(CLEAN DRY AIR)

TABLE 7 ATMOSPHERIC PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS)

TABLE 8 ATMOSPHERIC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)

TABLE 9 HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS

TABLE 10 CONCENTRATIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES (2008)

TABLE 11 ATMOSPHERIC HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS

TABLE 12 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION

TABLE 12 (CONTINUED)

TABLE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR AMBIENT

ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 14 NANOFIBERS FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION

TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR AMBIENT

ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 16 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AIR QUALITY

REMEDIATION

TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR

AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($

MILLIONS)

TABLE 18 POTENTIAL NANOSCALE ENTITIES FOR CARBON

DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION

TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED

MECHANISMS FOR THE SEQUESTRATION OF ATMOSPHERIC

CARBON DIOXIDE, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 20 ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS IN INDOOR AIR

TABLE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR INDOOR AIR

REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR INDOOR AIR

REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 23 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR

INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 24 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED

MECHANISMS FOR ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUND

REMEDIATION FOR INDOOR AIR, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 25 LIST OF AIRBORNE PATHOGENS AND DIMENSIONS

(MICRONS)

TABLE 26 EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL BIODISRUPTIVE ENTITIES

TABLE 27 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGYBASED

AIRBORNE PATHOGEN REMEDIATION,

THROUGH 2014 (NATURALLY OCCURRING AND VIA

DELIBERATE BIODISRUPTION) ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 28 ESTIMATE OF GLOBAL WATER DISTRIBUTION

TABLE 29 ION BALANCE IN TYPICAL FRESH WATER (%)

TABLE 30 SEAWATER ELEMENTS AND CONCENTRATIONS

TABLE 31 EXAMPLES OF AQUIFER DEPLETION

TABLE 32 POTENTIAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER

TABLE 33 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR WATER POLLUTION

TABLE 34 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE WATER FILTRATION

TABLE 35 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR

AMBIENT WATER REMEDIATION (SURFACE WATERS—OCEANS,

LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 36 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND

EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION (INDUSTRIAL AND

MUNICIPAL), THROUGH 2014 ($ BILLIONS)

TABLE 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MEDIA

FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR SURFACE

WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 (OCEAN, LAKE,

RIVER, STREAM) ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 39 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS APPLIED TO

WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION,

(INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/DOMESTIC), THROUGH 2014

($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 40 U.S. SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION DATA, 2004

TABLE 41 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR SOIL/GROUNDWATER

CONTAMINATION

TABLE 42 HAZARDOUS ELEMENTS LOCKED WITHIN

GEOPOLYMERIC CEMENTS IN ACIDIC MEDIA (%)

TABLE 43 BACTERIA FOR SOIL AND GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION

TABLE 44 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR

INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER

REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 45 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR

AGRICULTURAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH

2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 46 GLOBAL BATTERY MARKET, 2008 ($ BILLIONS)

TABLE 47 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOSENSORS FOR

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING (AMBIENT AND INDOOR),

THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

TABLE 48 EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL STATUS FOR GM

PRODUCT LABELING, 2005 AND 2006 (RELEVANCE TO POTENTIAL

FUTURE NANO-LABELING REQUIREMENTS)

TABLE 49 POTENTIAL NANOCAPSULE PAYLOAD RELEASE

METHODS

TABLE 50 NANOENCAPSULATION APPLICATIONS TO AGRICULTURE

TABLE 51 NANOPARTICLE DIMENSIONS AND ACCESS TO

BIOSYSTEMS

TABLE 52 NANOTECHNOLOGIES RELATIVE TO THE ENVIRONMENT:

PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS FROM 1975 TO MARCH

2009 (A COMPARATIVE TABLE)

LIST OF FIGURES

SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY

MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, 2008-2014 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 1 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION,

INCLUDING TRADITIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL, RENEWABLE

ENERGY, AND LOW CARBON SECTORS, 2008-2014 ($ BILLIONS)

FIGURE 2 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET SHARE BY REGION,

2008-2014 (%)

FIGURE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR AMBIENT

ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR AMBIENT

ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS

FIGURE 5 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR

AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, 2008-2014 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 6 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED

MECHANISMS FOR THE SEQUESTRATION OF ATMOSPHERIC

CARBON DIOXIDE, 2008-2014 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 7 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR INDOOR AIR

REMEDIATION, 2008-2014 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 8 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR

AMBIENT WATER REMEDIATION (SURFACE WATERS—OCEANS,

LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) 2008 2014 ($ MILLIONS)

FIGURE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND

EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION (INDUSTRIAL AND

MUNICIPAL), 2008- 2014 ($ BILLIONS)

FIGURE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED

MEDIA FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION, THROUGH 2014 ($

MILLIONS)

FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOSENSORS FOR

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING (AMBIENT AND INDOOR), 2008-2014 ($ MILLIONS)

Abstract

• Provides in-depth analysis of the global market for nanotechnology in environmental applications
• Forecasts trends and sales in the global market for nanotechnology in environmental applications through 2014
• Focuses on environmental remediation, environmental protection, environmental maintenance and environmental enhancement
• Investigates current research efforts, and characterizes and quantifies developing environmental nanotechnologies poised to enter the marketplace
• Discusses the manufacturers involved with the production of nanotechnologies for environmental applications, along with their anticipated product volumes.

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