|
Published by: Urch Publishing
Published: Feb. 1, 2001 - 292 Pages
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Chapter 1: Introduction To Drug Discovery
Basics of drug discovery in the biopharmaceutical industry
Historical landmarks in drug discovery and development
An overview of drug discovery and development in the twentieth century
Current status of drug discovery and development
The discovery-development interface
An overview of the problems facing the pharmaceutical industry
Chapter 2: Currently Available Technologies For Drug Discovery
Introduction
Genome-based technologies for drug discovery
Role of genomics in drug discovery
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
- SNPs in drug discovery
- Technologies for genotyping
- DNA sequencing
- Restriction fragment length polymorphism
- Amplification of refractory mutation system
- CMSTs for detection of SNPs
- Single base extension-tag array
- SNP Consortium
- Companies involved in SNP technologies for drug discovery
Gene expression profiling
- Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE)
- Gene expression profiling system
- Differential analysis of transcripts alternatively spliced (DATAS)
Antibody-based technologies for drug discovery
- ProAb tissue profiling
- ProxiMol
- Subtractive antibody screening
Genetic surrogate for drug action
Screening in drug discovery
- Cell-based screening system
- Receptor targets: human versus animal tissues
- AlphaScreen Technology
Tissue screening
High-throughput screening, automation and robotics
- Detection technologies for HTS
- Miniaturisation technologies in HTS
- Automation of HTS
- Automation in medicinal chemistry
- Robotics
- Companies involved in HTS
- HTS for genes of unknown function
Combinatorial chemistry
- Chemical libraries
- Parallel synthesis
- Split synthesis
- Molecular diversity
- Phage display
- Purine libraries
- PharmaCore combinatorial lead discovery library
- Innovations in combinatorial chemistry
- Combinatorial chemistry companies
Target validation technologies
- Gene knockout technologies
- Gene inactivation technologies
- Animal models for genomics-based target validation methods
- Inducible knockouts in mice
- Role of knockout mice in drug discovery programmes
Antisense approaches to drug discovery
- Antisense oligonucleotides for functional genomics and drug target validation
- Triple helix oligonucleotides
- Antisense oligonucleotides in a high-throughput approach for target validation
- Antisense PNA for target validation
- Aptamers
- RNA as drug target
- Ribozymes
- Companies using antisense approaches to drug discovery
Biochips and microarrays for drug discovery
- Finding lead compounds
- High-throughput cDNA microarrays
- Use of gene expression data to find new drug targets
- Investigation of the mechanism of drug action
- Companies using biochip technology for drug discovery
Chapter 3: Proteomics In Drug Discovery
Introduction
- Protein-expression mapping
- Protein-complex identification
- Role of 3-D structure of protein in drug discovery
- Random activation of gene expression (RAGE)
- CD-Tagging
Proteomic approach to target identification and validation
- Application of mass spectrometry for target identification
- Structure-based drug design
- Gene knockout and gene suppression for validating protein targets
- Laser-mediated protein knockout for target validation
- Integrated proteomics for drug discovery
Ligand-receptor binding
High-throughput proteomics
Target discovery and validation through protein interaction studies
- Protein-protein interactions online
- Protein-protein interaction analysis
- Two-hybrid protein interaction technology
- Protein arrays for lead optimisation
- Biosensors for detection of small molecule-protein interactions
- Inhibition of protein-protein interactions
- Selective disruption of proteins by small molecules
- From protein-protein interaction to a high throughput assay
Post-genomic combinatorial biology approach
Expression proteomics: protein level quantification
Identification of protein kinases
- Analysis of post-translational modification of proteins by mass spectrometry
- Transcription-aided drug design
- Combination of RNA and protein profiling
- Protein chip technology for drug discovery
- Companies using proteomic technologies for drug discovery
Chapter 4: Bioinformatics In Drug Discovery
Introduction
In silico biology
- In silico search of drug targets by Biopendium
- Combination of in silico and in vitro studies
- Using in silico metabolism in the early drug discovery process
- Bioinformatics for integrating genomics/proteomics in drug discovery
- Protein structural database approach to drug design
- Integration of bioinformatics in antibiotic research
- Bioinformatic approach to prediction of drug safety in the discovery phase
- Optimisation of selection of drug candidates through bioinformatics
Data mining
- Bioinformatic companies involved in drug discovery
Chapter 5: Emerging Technologies For Drug Discovery
Pharmacogenesis
- Role of model organisms
- Role of C. elegans in drug discovery
- Role of developmental biology in drug development
- Role of evolutionary biology in drug discovery
Chemical genomics or chemogenomic approach to drug discovery
- Automated ligand identification system
Chemoinformatics
- Hybrid nuclear magnetic resonance techniques
Virtual drug development
Chapter 6: Strategies For Improving Drug Discovery And Development
Introduction
Strategies for improving drug discovery in the post-genomic era
- Role of combinatorial chemistry in the post-genomic drug discovery
- Integration of genomics and proteomics for drug discovery
Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics
Commercially relevant drug targets
- Signal transduction as a drug discovery platform
- Apoptosis as a signal transduction disorder
- Cell signalling pathways as drug targets
- GPCRs as drug targets
- Caspase inhibitors
- Companies with programmes in signal transduction-based drug discovery
- Future prospects in cell transduction research
- Ion channels as drug targets
Small molecules
Peptide therapeutics
Bacterial genomics and antimicrobial targets
Drug targets in cancer
Discovering drugs from unexplored natural resources
- Selection of plant extracts for further study
- High-throughput screening of compounds from natural sources
Improvements in lead generation
Improvement of lead validation systems
Pharmacokinetics and ADME
Preclinical toxicology
- The role of toxicogenomics in drug discovery
- Toxicoproteomics
- Prediction of metabolic drug interactions
Integration of drug discovery and development
- Decision-making for advancing a lead compound to a clinical candidate
- Integration of drug delivery considerations in drug discovery process
Role of collaborations in drug discovery
- Drivers for collaborative research
- Strategic considerations for collaborations
- Outsourcing discovery collaborations
Effective management of drug discovery technologies
Impact of the Internet on the R&D process
Drug discovery in relation to healthcare in the post-genomic era
Chapter 7: Financial Aspects Of Drug Discovery And
Development
Introduction
Markets for drug discovery technologies
Unfulfilled needs in drug discovery technologies
Market development opportunities
- Potential of genome-based drug development
- Outsourcing of drug development projects
- Coping with rising costs of R&D
- Risk reduction of termination of NCE
- Patenting research tools for drug discovery
Chapter 8: Companies With Drug Discovery Technologies
Introduction
company Profiles
- 3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Abbott Laboratories
- Abgenix Inc.
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Advanced Bioanalytical Services
- Affymax Research Institute
- Althexis Company Inc.
- Amgen
- AMRAD Corporation Ltd
- Anadys Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Applied Biosystems
- Arena Pharmaceuticals
- Argonex Discovery
- ArQule Inc.
- Array BioPharma Inc.
- ARTEMIS Pharmaceuticals GmbH
- Astex Technology Ltd
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals
- Athersys
- Atugen AG
- Aurora Biosciences Corporation
- Aventis Pharmaceutical Inc.
- Axiom Biotechnologies Inc.
- Axys Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Bayer AG
- Biacore International AB
- BioSignal Packard Inc.
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
- Cambridge Drug Discovery Ltd
- Celera Genomics
- Celgene Corporation
- Cellomics Inc.
- Celltech Chiroscience Ltd
- Cellular Genomics Inc.
- Cetek Corporation
- ChemBridge Corporation
- Chiron Corporation
- CombiMatrix Corporation
- Cubist Pharmaceuticals
- Curis Inc.
- De Novo Pharmaceuticals Ltd
- Deltagen Inc.
- DGI BioTechnologies
- DiscoveRx Corporation
- Discovery Partners International Inc.
- Discovery Technologies Ltd
- Diversa Corporation
- Drug Discovery Ltd
- Ecopia BioSciences Inc.
- Entelos Inc.
- EVOTEC BioSystems GmbH
- Exelixis Inc.
- ExonHit Therapeutics SA
- Gemini Genomics (UK) Ltd
- Gene Logic Inc.
- Genome Therapeutics Corporation
- Genzyme Molecular Oncology
- Glaxo Wellcome
- Graffinity Pharmaceutical Design GmbH
- Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd
- Human Genome Sciences Inc.
- ICAgen Inc.
- Iconix Pharmaceuticals
- Inpharmatica Ltd
- IRORI
- Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute
- Karo Bio AB
- Lexicon Genetics Inc.
- Ligand Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- LION Biosciences AG
- Lynx Therapeutics Inc.
- MediChem
- MEMOREC Stoffel GmbH
- Merck & Co. Inc.
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Molecular Devices Corporation
- Molecular Mining Corporation
- Molecular Simulations Inc.
- MorphoSys AG
- NeoGenesis Inc.
- Neurogen Corporation
- Novartis Pharma AG
- Ontogen Corporation
- OSI Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Oxford Glycosciences
- Pfizer Pharmaceutical Group
- Pharmacia Corporation
- Pharmacopeia
- Pharmagene plc
- PPD Discovery
- Proteus SA
- Protherics plc
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Roche Bioscience
- Rosetta Inpharmatics Inc.
- Schering-Plough Corporation
- Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute
- SignalGene
- SmithKline Beecham
- Spotfire Inc.
- Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd.
- Synaptic Pharmaceutical Corporation
- Trega Biosciences
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Xenon Genetics Inc.
Glossary Of Terms
Bibliography
List Of Abbreviations
Important Information About Copyright
Order/Information Request Form
List Of Tables
- Table 1.1: Landmarks in the discovery of modern medicine
- Table 2.1: Companies involved in SNP technologies for drug discovery
- Table 2.2: Some companies with HTS systems
- Table 2.3: Collaborations between pharmaceutical and combinatorial chemistry companies
- Table 2.4: Selected antisense companies and their approaches to drug discovery
- Table 2.5: Selected companies using biochips and microarrays for drug discovery
- Table 3.1: Selected companies using proteomic technologies for drug discovery
- Table 4.1: Selected companies with novel bioinformatics and data management
tools for ADME and toxicology
- Table 4.2: Selected bioinformatic companies involved in drug discovery
- Table 5.1: Companies following a developmental biology approach to functional
genomics
- Table 5.2: Selected companies with chemoinformatic technologies
- Table 6.1: Selected companies involved in signal transduction-based drug discovery
- Table 6.2: Selected companies involved in developing small molecule drugs
- Table 6.3: Selected anticancer drug targets
- Table 6.4: Companies involved in high-throughput screening of compounds from natural sources
- Table 6.5: Selected lead validation screening systems
- Table 7.1: Markets for drug discovery technologies
List Of Figures
- Figure 1.1: The drug discovery process
- Figure 2.1: The role of genomics technologies in drug discovery
- Figure 4.1: From bacterial genomes to potential drug targets: combination of in silico and gene knockout experiments
- Figure 4.2: Role of bioinformatics in integrating genomics and proteomics in drug discovery
- Figure 5.1: Chemical genomics approach to drug discovery
- Figure 6.1: Distribution of approximately 1,000 drug targets for drugs currently available or in clinical development for various therapeutic areas
- Figure 6.2: Procedure for selection of plant extracts for study
- Figure 6.3: Technologies for optimising the R&D process
- Figure 7.1: Unfulfilled needs in drug discovery technologies
AbstractThis report provides a historical review of drug discovery, and descriptions of the various genomic technologies used in drug discovery, such as genotyping and high-throughput screening (HTS). The report explores technologies used for preparing large numbers of compounds used in screening against biological targets, and technologies for target validation (antisense,
gene knockout, functional genetic screens, gene expression arrays and proteomic approaches).
Learn how new drug targets are identified, and the importance of proteomic technologies in the drug discovery. Learn about the important role of bioinformatics in drug discovery. See what's in store for the future, through an exploration of new drug discovery technologies and strategies for improving drug discovery.
Get Full Details About This Report >>
|
