Residential Water Treatment Market

Published by: Kalorama Information

Published: Aug. 1, 1995 - 212 Pages

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Executive Summary

• Definitions and Terms
  
• Methodology
  
• Market Size and Forecast
  
• Sales by Type of Product
  
• Water Supply
  
• Water Quality
  
• Legislation
  
• Market Environment
  
• Technology
  
• Industry Structure
  

Chapter 2: Water Supply and Usage

• The Water Supply System
  
• Private Well Water
  
• Public Water Supply Network
  
• The Public Water System Supervision (PWSS) Program
  
• Community and Noncommunity Systems
  
• Community Systems
  
• Noncommunity Systems
  
• Small System Problems
  
• Water Consumption
  
• Total Water Use
  
• 1990 Water Withdrawals
  
• Total Public Water Consumption
  
• Groundwater Use
  
• Water Supply
  
• Water Shortages
  
• Water Availability
  
• New Water Supply Sources Limited
  
• Water Markets
  
• Water Transfers
  
• Water Conservation
  
• Utility Rate Hikes
  
• Political Pressures
  
• Demand-Side Management (DSM)
  
• Water Entitlement Transfer System
  
• Water Metering
  
• Water Pricing
  
• Regional Water Conservation Efforts
  
• Plumbing Fixtures
  
• Water Alliances for Voluntary Efficiency (WAVE)
  
• Other Residential Water Conservation Methods
  
• Industrial Water Conservation
  
• Agricultural Water Conservation
  
• Population Trends, Patterns, and Water Use
  
• Population Trends
  
• Population Migration Patterns
  
• State Population Growth Patterns
  
• Coastal Areas and Population Growth
  
• Great Lakes and Interior
  

Chapter 3: Water Quality and Sources of Contamination

• Introduction
  
• Water Quality
  
• Water Supply
  
• Drinking Water Safety
  
• Health Effects
  
• Water Quality Data
  
• Current Data
  
• General Accounting Office (GAO) Report
  
• Water Supply Sources
  
• Groundwater
  
• Groundwater Quality
  
• Groundwater Contamination
  
• Groundwater and Surface Water Relationship
  
• Poor Water Quality Consequences
  
• Types of Health Effects
  
• Measuring Contaminants
  
• Contaminants Levels and Health Effects
  
• Safety Standards
  
• Risk Assessment
  
• Toxicological Evaluation
  
• Sources of Contaminants
  
• Occurrence of Contaminants
  
• Hazardous Waste
  
• Site Evaluation
  
• Superfund National Priorities List (NPL)
  
• Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
  
• Wastewater Treatment Expenditures
  
• Stormwater Discharges
  
• Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Initiative
  
• Nonpoint Pollution and Discharges
  
• Agricultural Pollution
  
• Coastal Pollution
  
• Classification of Contaminants
  
• Organic Chemicals
  
• Suspended Organics
  
• Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
  
• Chlorine and Synthetic Organic Chemical (SOC) Formation
  
• Chlorocarbon Compounds
  
• Chlorine Use and Clinton Administration Policy
  
• Pesticides
  
• Herbicides
  
• Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)
  
• Radionuclides
  
• Controlling Radon Levels in Drinking Water Supplies
  
• Inorganic Chemicals
  
• Nitrates
  
• Aluminum
  
• Arsenic
  
• Lead
  
• Biological Contaminants
  
• Pathogenic Contamination
  
• Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)
  
• Waterborne Disease Outbreaks
  
• Waterborne Disease Reporting
  

Chapter 4: Water Quality Legislation

• Introduction
  
• The Clean Water Act (CWA)
  
• The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
  
• State Primacy
  
• Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Reauthorization
  
• Reauthorization and Standard Setting Criteria
  
• Safe Drinking Water Act and the Residential Water Treatment Industry
  
• Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1986
  
• Annual Implementation Costs
  
• SDWA Deadlines
  
• Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Rule Procedures
  
• Classification of Chemical Contaminants Under SDWA
  
• Contaminant Additions
  
• Phase I Standards
  
• Phase II Standards of 1992
  
• Phase V Standards
  
• Lead and Copper Rule
  
• Other Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Rules
  
• Chlorine
  
• Phase VIa Standard
  
• Separate Crytosporidium Rule
  
• Groundwater Disinfection
  
• Radionuclides
  
• Monitoring the Public Water Supply
  
• Unregulated Contaminants
  
• Monitoring Regulated Contaminants
  
• Monitoring Problems
  
• Legislation Implementation Costs
  
• Alternatives
  
• Unfunded Mandates
  

Chapter 5: The Market Environment

• Introduction
  
• Consumer Attitudes and Behavior
  
• Eating, Cooking, and Dining Trends
  
• Health and Fitness Concerns
  
• Health Concerns and Public Water Supply
  
• Waterborne Disease Outbreaks
  
• Cryptosporidium Outbreak
  
• Vulnerable Population Sectors
  
• Fluoride and Chlorine Use
  
• Chlorination
  
• Fluoridation
  
• Consumers Opinion
  
• Industry Ethics
  
• Sales Practices and Industry Integrity
  
• Industry Accountability
  
• Image Problems Not Uncommon
  
• Water Utilities Counter Negative Advertising
  
• Water Quality Association (WQA) Leadership
  
• WQA Future Plans
  
• The Bottled Water Industry
  
• Consumption Trends
  
• Role of Bottled Water in Residential Water Treatment Industry
  
• Bottled Water Industry Sales
  
• Market Competition
  
• Bottled Water and the Recession
  
• Industry Reputation
  
• Bottled Water Safety
  
• New Federal Drug Administration (FDA) Standard
  
• Bottled Water and Point-of-use (POU) Compatibility
  
• Bottled Water Vending
  
• Vending Machine Locations
  
• Market Influences
  
• Residential Water Treatment Industry Regulation
  
• Federal Regulation
  
• State and Local Regulation
  
• Licensing Salespeople
  
• Product Validation/Certification
  
• Product Registration
  
• Plumbing Licensing
  
• Water Quality Association (WQA) and Regulation
  
• Third-Party Certification
  
• Water Quality Association (WQA) Legal Activities
  
• Industry Guidelines and Standards
  
• WQA Guidelines and Standards
  
• NSF International Guidelines And Standards
  
• ANSI Accreditation
  
• Reasons For Low Number of Models Certified
  
• Surrogate Program Reduces Cost
  
• International Standard Harmonization
  

Chapter 6: Water Treatment Equipment Technology

• Introduction
  
• Water Conditions
  
• Occurrence of Contaminants
  
• Source Water Characteristics
  
• Municipal Supply
  
• Treatment Limitations
  
• Water Supply Changes
  
• Water Testing
  
• Maintenance and Monitoring of Water Treatment Equipment
  
• Regulations
  
• Monitoring and Maintenance Intervals
  
• Maintenance Cycles
  
• Water Quality Health and Safety Aspects
  
• Automated Controls
  
• Filtration Technology
  
• Types of Filters
  
• Pressurized Depth Filters
  
• Cartridge Filters
  
• Precoat Filters
  
• Activated Carbon Filtration
  
• Activated Carbon Filtration Effectiveness
  
• Activated Carbon Applications in the Public Water Supply
  
• Coconut Shell-Based Activated Carbon
  
• Best Available Technology (BAT)
  
• Residential Applications
  
• Technical Limitations
  
• Bacterial Colonization
  
• Activated Alumina
  
• Aeration
  
• Oxidation
  
• Chlorination
  
• Other Common Oxidants
  
• Distillation
  
• Residential Models
  
• Distilled Water Quality
  
• Demineralization
  
• Distillation Effectiveness
  
• System Design and Requirements
  
• System Maintenance
  
• Ion Exchange
  
• Ions Cause Hard Water
  
• Ion Exchange Process
  
• Ion Exchange Equipment
  
• Ion Exchange Materials
  
• Synthetic Resins
  
• Synthetic Resin Exchange Process
  
• Resin Bed Maintenance
  
• Water Softening Applications
  
• Reverse Osmosis (RO)
  
• The Reverse Osmosis (RO) Process
  
• Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membranes
  
• Membrane Material Types
  
• Reverse Osmosis (RO) Components
  
• Residential Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems
  
• Product Water Storage
  
• Capacity
  
• Shut-off Valves
  
• Monitoring
  
• Water Temperature
  
• Cost
  
• RO Effectiveness
  
• Disinfection Technologies
  
• Chemical-Based Disinfection
  
• Chlorine
  
• Ozone
  
• Ozone Equipment
  
• Ozone Technology
  
• Ozone Applications
  
• Ozone Disadvantages
  
• Ultraviolet Radiation (UV)
  
• Effectiveness
  
• Oxidation Reactions
  
• Effects of Water Turbidity
  
• Types of UV Systems
  
• Comparison of Technologies
  

Chapter 7: The Residential Water Treatment Market

• Residential Water Treatment Industry Retail Revenues
  
• Industry Drivers
  
• Industry Forecast
  
• The Ultraviolet (UV) Water Treatment Market
  
• The Activated Carbon Filtration Market
  
• Activated Carbon Filtration Uses
  
• Activated Carbon Material Properties
  
• Product Price Range
  
• The Ozone Water Treatment Market
  
• Ozone Market Drivers
  
• The Reverse Osmosis (RO) Water Treatment Market
  
• Reverse Osmosis Products
  
• Reverse Osmosis (RO) Prices
  
• Reverse Osmosis (RO) Regulations
  
• Reverse Osmosis (RO) Technology
  
• The Distillation Market
  
• Residential Models
  
• The Water Softeners Market
  
• Ion Exchange Technology
  
• Mature Industry
  
• Water Softening and Corrosion
  
• The Water Softeners Salt Market
  
• Brine Disposal
  
• California Brine Discharge Regulations
  
• Central Brine Regeneration
  
• Potassium Chloride Regeneration
  
• Other Ion Exchange Applications
  
• The Other Water Treatment Market
  
• Other Residential Water Treatment Equipment Types
  
• Sediment Filters
  
• Specialized Water Treatment Equipment
  
• Residential Water Treatment Equipment Unit Sales
  
• Data Analysis
  
• Unit Sales
  
• Activated Carbon Filtration Unit Sales
  
• Unit Sales by Product Type
  
• Ultraviolet (UV) Unit Sales
  
• Ozone Unit Sales
  
• Reverse Osmosis (RO) Unit Sales
  
• Under-the-Counter and Countertop Unit Sales
  
• Distiller Unit Sales
  
• Water Softeners Unit Sales
  
• Water Technology‘s Annual Survey
  
• Simmons Data
  
• The Marketplace
  
• Background
  
• Residential Water Treatment Industry Trends
  
• Product Growth and Development
  
• Consumer Education
  
• Marketing Strategies
  
• Fad and Fashion
  
• The Appliance Concept
  
• Water Treatment Product Segments
  
• Industry Categories
  
• Basic Product Categories
  
• POU Devices
  
• Pour-through Pitchers
  
• Faucet-mounted Products
  
• Countertop Products
  
• Under-the-counter Units
  
• Automatic-fill Coolers
  
• Positioning the Point-of-Use (POU) Market
  
• Miscellaneous Point-of-Use (POU) Products
  
• Point-of-Entry (POE) Products
  
• Point-of-Entry (POE) Equipment Types
  
• Market Factors
  
• The Garbage Disposal Analogy
  
• The Housing Industry
  
• Use of Electronic Controls
  
• Disinfectant Applications
  
• Chlorine Disinfection
  
• Chemical Free Disinfection
  
• Disinfectant Product Considerations
  
• Distillers
  
• Other Residential Water Treatment Applications
  
• Small Water Treatment Systems
  
• State Point-of-Entry (POE) Programs
  
• Point-of-Entry (POE) Approval Process
  
• Small System Point-of-Use (POU) Applications
  
• Point-of-Use (POU) Sulfate Removal
  
• Examples of State Programs
  
• Supplier Contract Services
  
• The Small Systems Treatment Technology Initiative
  
• National Drinking Water Clearinghouse
  
• Small Systems Initiative and Pilot Projects
  
• The Greywater Market
  
• California Greywater Legislation
  
• Greywater Systems
  
• The Pool and Spa Market
  
• Chlorine
  
• Ozone
  
• Foreign Trade
  
• Global Trends
  
• The Chinese Market
  
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Membership
  
• World Trade Organization (WTO)
  
• Japanese Trade Deficit
  
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
  
• Devalued Peso
  
• The International Residential Water Treatment Industry
  
• The Mexican Market
  
• The Mexican Bottled Water Industry
  
• The European Market
  
• European Market Trends
  
• European Water Quality
  
• Water Contaminant Limits
  
• The Taiwanese Market
  
• The Japanese Market
  

Chapter 8: Residential Water Treatment Industry

• Definitions and Terms
  
• Methodology
  
• Overview
  
• Industrial Participants in the Residential Sector
  
• Other Consumer Product Manufacturers
  
• Large Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs)
  
• Component Suppliers
  
• Other Suppliers
  
• Testing Laboratories
  
• Market Distribution Channels
  
• Water Treatment Dealers
  
• Dealer Locations
  
• Water Stores
  
• Water Mart
  
• Multilevel Marketing (MLM)
  
• Multilevel Marketing (MLM) History
  
• Pyramid Selling Versus Multilevel Marketing (MLM)
  
• Federal Regulations
  
• Foreign Multilevel Marketing (MLM) Operations
  
• MLM Business Commitment
  
• Direct Selling
  
• Direct Selling Regulations
  
• Mass-Marketing Retail Distribution Channel
  
• Dealer Strategies
  
• Public Utility Distribution Channel
  

Chapter 9: Company Profiles

• Ametek Inc./Plymouth Products Division
  
• Amway Corporation
  
• Applied Membranes, Inc.
  
• Aqua Care Systems, Inc./KISS International
  
• Aquafine Corporation
  
• Autotrol Corporation
  
• Bionaire, Inc./Bionaire U.S.A.
  
• Bruner Corporation
  
• Cargill Inc.
  
• Clorox Company Brita USA
  
• Commercial Intertech Corporation/Cuno Inc./Aqua Pure/Water Factory Systems
  
• Culligan International Company/Everpure, Inc.
  
• Ideal Horizons
  
• Ionics, Inc.
  
• Innova Pure Water, Inc.
  
• Kinetico Inc.
  
• KX Industries, L.P.
  
• The Marmon Group, Inc./EcoWater Systems, Inc./EcoWater Commercial
  
• Industrial Systems
  
• NSF International
  
• Omni Corporation
  
• Omnipure Filter Company
  
• Osmonics, Inc.
  
• PURA
  
• R-Can Environmental Inc.
  
• RainSoft Water Conditioning Co.
  
• Recovery Engineering Inc.
  
• The Rival Company
  
• Shaklee U.S., Inc.
  
• Teledyne Inc.
  
• Trojan Technologies Inc.
  
• Vigoro Corporation/Kallium Chemicals
  
• Whirlpool Corporation
  

Appendix B: Company Names and Addresses

Abstract

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