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Published by: Frost & Sullivan
Published: Sep. 30, 2004
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
1. Introduction
1. Introduction
2. Key Findings
2. Scope and Methodology
1. Scope
2. Methodology
2. Overview of Crop Protection Technologies
1. Conventional Crop Protection Technology
1. Herbicides for Crop Protection
2. Insecticides for Crop Protection
2. Genetic Engineering Technology
1. Genetic Engineering
2. Genetic Engineering Methodology
3. Herbicide Tolerant Crops
3. Herbicides and Herbicide Tolerant Crops
1. Aquatic Herbicides
1. Introduction
2. Glyphosate and Fluridone
3. Endothall and Triclopyr
4. Imazapyr and Diquat
2. Herbicide Tolerance By Selection
1. Sulfonylurea Tolerance
2. Aminotriazole Tolerance
3. Paraquat Tolerance
4. Imidazolinone Tolerance
3. Herbicide Tolerance by Molecular Breeding
1. Bromoxynil Tolerance
2. Glufosinate Tolerance
3. Protoporphyrinogen Tolerance
4. Paraquat Tolerance
4. Research and Development In Herbicide Tolerant Crops
1. Genetically Controlled Herbicide Resistance in Cotton Crop: USA
2. Herbicidal Compositions for Tolerant Cereal Crops: Denmark
3. Structure-Based; Herbicide-Resistant Products: USA
4. Gene Modification for Encoding Mutated EPSPS: France
5. Obtain Transgenic Plants with a Silent Marker: USA
6. Herbicides for Tolerant Sugar Beet Cultures: Denmark
7. Inducible Herbicide Resistance in Crops: UK
5. Drivers and Challenges
1. Drivers
a. Herbicide tolerant crops simplify weed management
b. Less residual activity of herbicides in case of herbicide tolerant crops.
2. Challenges
a. Crop quality and yield issues in herbicide tolerant crops.
b. Herbicide tolerant crops yield products with lower nutritional level.
c. Environmental concerns regarding the chemical dependence of herbicide tolerant crops
4. Insecticides and Insecticide Tolerant Crops
1. Bacillus Thuringiensis (Bt) Derived Products
1. Bollgard and Ingard Cotton
2. Insect-Resistant Rice
2. Insect Control by Nematode Resistant Genes
1. Nematode Antibody Genes
2. Protease Inhibitors
3. Insect Control by Other Insect-Active Protein Genes
1. Lectin Genes
2. Gene Stacking
3. Other Toxic Genes
4. Protease Inhibitor Genes
4. Research and Development In Insecticides Tolerant Crops
1. Insect Control Via Genetically Engineered Bioinsecticides: USA
2. Insecticide Resistant Seeds: USA
3. Insecticide Resistant Corn : USA
5. Drivers and Challenges
1. Drivers
a. Existing technology paves way for newer technology developments.
b. Insecticide tolerant crops reduce soil erosion.
2. Challenges
a. Environmental legislation limit the use of crop protection chemicals.
b. Acceptance of genetically engineered crops threaten to choke crop protection chemical technologies.
5. Tissue Culture
1. Genetic Engineering in Crop Protection
1. Genetic Engineering for Crop Protection
2. Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops
2. Tissue Culture
1. Introduction
2. Tissue Culture and Crop Protection
3. Somatic Hybridization
3. Research and Development
1. Terminator Technology: USA
2. Trait Specific Genetic Use Restriction Technology: USA
3. Degrading and Detoxifying Fumonisin: USA
4. Genetically Modified Cotton: Australia
5. Genetic Engineered Plant Chloroplast: USA
6. Improve Crop Stress Tolerance by Expressing Choline Monooxygenase: USA
7. Increasing Plant Sulfur Content: Germany
8. Metal Binding Compounds for Cell Culture Media: USA
9. Somatic Embryogenesis for Plant Reproduction: USA
10. Control Plant Cell Death and Disease-Resistance Capacity: USA
11. Pest-Resistant Transgenic Plants: USA
12. Manipulate Ectophosphate Genes for Herbicidal Resistance: USA
4. Drivers and Restraints
1. Drivers
a. Nonfood applications fueling growth of genetic engineering
b. Patent expiry leads to further research
c. Comparative advantage of biotechnology
2. Restraints
a. Genetically engineered plants create biological pollution.
b. Wide use of Bacillus Thuringiensis (Bt) crops lead to Bt-resistant insects.
c. Financial rewards from intellectual property to influence investment decisions in private sector.
d. Cost of the technology limits its use.
e. Low consumer demand affect adoption of genetically modified crops
6. Transgenic Crops
1. Introduction
1. What are Transgenic Crops?
2. Production Methodology and Applications
2. Key Transgenic Products
1. Tomatoes and Golden Rice
2. Canola and Sunflower
3. Plant-Based Vaccines and Improved Turfgrass
4. Grapes and Wine
5. Coffee; Tea and Tobacco
3. Research and Development
1. Transgenic Method of Controlling Worms in Cotton: USA
2. Transgenic Plants with Oxidative Stress Resistance Gene: UK
3. Deploying a Transgenic Refuge: USA
4. Transgenic Plants Metabolize Foreign Compounds: Japan
5. Produce Corn Hybrid Transgene P741: USA
6. Transgenic Plants Resistant to a Broad Pathogenic Spectrum: Canada
7. Transgenic Tetraploids: Korea
8. Cicer and Abutilon as Refuges in Transgenic Crops: USA
9. Transgenic Crops for Detoxifying Fumonisin Compounds: USA
4. Drivers and Restraints
1. Drivers
a. Comparative advantage of biotechnology
b. Politics influences biotechnology development
2. Restraints
a. Public perception vital for technological success.
b. Creation of transgenes for select crops
c. Lack of wide-scale approval of transgenic crops affect technology innovations.
7. Regulations and Patent Laws
1. Regulations
1. U.S. Regulations
2. European Regulations
2. Patent Laws
1. U.S. Patent Laws
2. European Patent Laws
8. Patents and Company Profiles
1. Patents
1. US Patents
2. European Patents
3. Asia-Pacific Patents
2. Company Profiles
1. North America
2. Europe; Middle East and Africa
3. Asia-Pacific
9. Frost & Sullivan Science and Technology Awards
1. Excellence in Technology Award
1. Award Description
2. Award Recipient
2. Product Leadership Award
1. Award Description
2. Award Recipient
10. Decision Support Databases
1. Decision Support Database Tables
1. Soybean Production ('000 Metric Tons); By Region; 1996-2004
2. Wheat Production ('000 Metric Tons); By Region; 1996-2004
3. Corn Production ('000 Metric Tons); By Region; 1996-2004
4. Wheat Yield (Hg/Ha) By Region; 1996-2004
5. Corn Yield (Hg/Ha) By Region; 1996-2004
6. Soybean Yield (Hg/Ha) By Region; 1996-2004
Abstract
Political Factors Influence the Development of Genetic Engineering
The advent of genetic engineering in the agro industry has heralded an era of positive growth in the crop protection sector. As the industry becomes increasingly conscious of the benefits of genetic engineering, political considerations, and influences are expected to drive growth. With the government organizations of various countries entering into political agreements regarding genetic engineering and biotechnology, the global technical scenario is likely to emerge stronger. Further, as the production capacity in many regions, especially within the East European countries continues to expand, the potential worldwide production capacity is likely to increase.
This research from Frost & Sullivan evaluates the current and future potential of genetic engineering in the protection of crops. It examines the key products that are available commercially for herbicide and insecticide tolerant crops. Further, it studies the key technologies that are available for disease and pest control using genetic engineering techniques. Additionally, it reviews the various drivers and restraints that govern the global crop protection markets.
Non-food Sectors More Conducive for Genetic Engineering Technology Applications
Food crops are not the only area where genetic engineering is likely to prove beneficial. In fact, with most consumers tending to be a trifle wary of genetically-modified food products, investors are likely to find the non-food sectors such as industrial feedstock or biofuels much more lucrative. "Genetically engineered (GE) plants are produced by splicing foreign genetic material within the plant genomes and creating new species which can not arise naturally," notes the analyst. "There are high chances of recombination and mutation of these genes, which could cause biological pollution."
As the industry continues to contend with the lack of public awareness regarding the contribution of genetic engineering to food production, it is essential to retain the trust of the public by monitoring all the steps of the production and marketing chain. This is likely to improve the performance of the food sector as well.
Genetic Engineering Techniques Proves More Efficient than Traditional Techniques
In comparison to the conventional crop protection technologies, genetic engineering has several advantages. While traditional protection techniques are efficient, they are incapable of ensuring that the final product has all the desired characteristics. For instance, it has been observed that the introduction of certain genes produces species that are more tolerant to herbicides such as paraquat than the conventional and traditional varieties. The enzymes produced by these modified species also improve the plant’s immunity to certain other commonly employed herbicides such as acifluoren.
"Genetic engineering techniques and biotechnology has resulted in increased research and development, rapid innovation, and prolonged perseverance in the face of mounting research costs on an industry level," notes the analyst. "These factors have created conditions that are conducive for the further development of genetic engineering in the area of crop protection."
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