Point-Of-Care Testing (Poct) Market In Europe 2026-2030
Description
Point-Of-Care Testing (Poct) Market In Europe 2026-2030
The point-of-care testing (poct) market in europe is forecasted to grow by USD 8247.1 mn during 2025-2030, accelerating at a CAGR of 8.8% during the forecast period. The report on the point-of-care testing (poct) market in europe provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors.
The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by shift toward rapid diagnostics over traditional labs, expansion of telemedicine and remote patient services, growing geriatric population requiring frequent monitoring.
The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market size data, segment with regional analysis and vendor landscape in addition to an analysis of the key companies. Reports have historic and forecast data.
Technavio's point-of-care testing (poct) market in europe is segmented as below:
By Type
The report on the point-of-care testing (poct) market in europe covers the following areas:
The publisher presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters such as profit, pricing, competition, and promotions. It presents various market facets by identifying the key industry influencers. The data presented is comprehensive, reliable, and a result of extensive primary and secondary research. The market research reports provide a complete competitive landscape and an in-depth vendor selection methodology and analysis using qualitative and quantitative research to forecast accurate market growth.
The point-of-care testing (poct) market in europe is forecasted to grow by USD 8247.1 mn during 2025-2030, accelerating at a CAGR of 8.8% during the forecast period. The report on the point-of-care testing (poct) market in europe provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors.
The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by shift toward rapid diagnostics over traditional labs, expansion of telemedicine and remote patient services, growing geriatric population requiring frequent monitoring.
The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market size data, segment with regional analysis and vendor landscape in addition to an analysis of the key companies. Reports have historic and forecast data.
Technavio's point-of-care testing (poct) market in europe is segmented as below:
By Type
- OTC testing
- Prescription-based testing
- Blood glucose testing
- Infectious diseases testing
- Cardiac markers testing
- Pregnancy and fertility testing
- Others
- Lateral flow assays
- Immunoassays
- Molecular diagnostics
- Dipsticks
- Others
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- Italy
- UK
The report on the point-of-care testing (poct) market in europe covers the following areas:
- Point-of-care testing (poct) market in europe sizing
- Point-of-care testing (poct) market in europe forecast
- Point-of-care testing (poct) market in europe industry analysis
The publisher presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters such as profit, pricing, competition, and promotions. It presents various market facets by identifying the key industry influencers. The data presented is comprehensive, reliable, and a result of extensive primary and secondary research. The market research reports provide a complete competitive landscape and an in-depth vendor selection methodology and analysis using qualitative and quantitative research to forecast accurate market growth.
Table of Contents
221 Pages
- 1 Executive Summary
- 1 Executive Summary
- 1.1 Market overview
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
- Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
- Executive Summary - Chart on Country Market Characteristics
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market by Geography
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Type
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Application
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Platform
- Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
- Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
- Executive Summary - Chart on Company Market Positioning
- 2 Technavio Analysis
- 2 Technavio Analysis
- 2.1 Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
- Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
- 2.2 Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
- Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation
- 2.3 Factors of disruption
- Overview on factors of disruption
- 2.4 Impact of drivers and challenges
- Impact of drivers and challenges in 2025 and 2030
- 3 Market Landscape
- 3 Market Landscape
- 3.1 Market ecosystem
- Chart on Parent Market
- Data Table on - Parent Market
- 3.2 Market characteristics
- Chart on Market characteristics analysis
- 3.3 Value chain analysis
- Chart on Value chain analysis
- 4 Market Sizing
- 4 Market Sizing
- 4.1 Market definition
- Data Table on Offerings of companies included in the market definition
- 4.2 Market segment analysis
- Market segments
- 4.3 Market size 2025
- 4.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2025-2030
- Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Regional - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Europe: Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Regional - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- 5 Historic Market Size
- 5 Historic Market Size
- 5.1 Point-Of-Care Testing (POCT) Market in Europe 2020 - 2024
- Historic Market Size - Data Table on Point-Of-Care Testing (POCT) Market in Europe 2020 - 2024 ($ million)
- 5.2 Type segment analysis 2020 - 2024
- Historic Market Size - Type Segment 2020 - 2024 ($ million)
- 5.3 Application segment analysis 2020 - 2024
- Historic Market Size - Application Segment 2020 - 2024 ($ million)
- 5.4 Platform segment analysis 2020 - 2024
- Historic Market Size - Platform Segment 2020 - 2024 ($ million)
- 5.5 Geography segment analysis 2020 - 2024
- Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2020 - 2024 ($ million)
- 6 Qualitative Analysis
- 6 Qualitative Analysis
- 6.1 The Impact of AI on Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) Market in Europe
- 7 Five Forces Analysis
- 7 Five Forces Analysis
- 7.1 Five forces summary
- Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2025 and 2030
- 7.2 Bargaining power of buyers
- Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2025 and 2030
- 7.3 Bargaining power of suppliers
- Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
- 7.4 Threat of new entrants
- Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
- 7.5 Threat of substitutes
- Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
- 7.6 Threat of rivalry
- Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
- 7.7 Market condition
- Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2025 and 2030
- 8 Market Segmentation by Type
- 8 Market Segmentation by Type
- 8.1 Market segments
- Chart on Type - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Type - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
- 8.2 Comparison by Type
- Chart on Comparison by Type
- Data Table on Comparison by Type
- 8.3 OTC testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on OTC testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on OTC testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on OTC testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on OTC testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 8.4 Prescription-based testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on Prescription-based testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Prescription-based testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Prescription-based testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Prescription-based testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 8.5 Market opportunity by Type
- Market opportunity by Type ($ million)
- Data Table on Market opportunity by Type ($ million)
- 9 Market Segmentation by Application
- 9 Market Segmentation by Application
- 9.1 Market segments
- Chart on Application - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Application - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
- 9.2 Comparison by Application
- Chart on Comparison by Application
- Data Table on Comparison by Application
- 9.3 Blood glucose testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on Blood glucose testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Blood glucose testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Blood glucose testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Blood glucose testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 9.4 Infectious diseases testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on Infectious diseases testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Infectious diseases testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Infectious diseases testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Infectious diseases testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 9.5 Cardiac markers testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on Cardiac markers testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Cardiac markers testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Cardiac markers testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Cardiac markers testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 9.6 Pregnancy and fertility testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on Pregnancy and fertility testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Pregnancy and fertility testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Pregnancy and fertility testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Pregnancy and fertility testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 9.7 Others - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 9.8 Market opportunity by Application
- Market opportunity by Application ($ million)
- Data Table on Market opportunity by Application ($ million)
- 10 Market Segmentation by Platform
- 10 Market Segmentation by Platform
- 10.1 Market segments
- Chart on Platform - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Platform - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
- 10.2 Comparison by Platform
- Chart on Comparison by Platform
- Data Table on Comparison by Platform
- 10.3 Lateral flow assays - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on Lateral flow assays - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Lateral flow assays - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Lateral flow assays - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Lateral flow assays - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 10.4 Immunoassays - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on Immunoassays - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Immunoassays - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Immunoassays - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Immunoassays - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 10.5 Molecular diagnostics - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on Molecular diagnostics - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Molecular diagnostics - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Molecular diagnostics - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Molecular diagnostics - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 10.6 Dipsticks - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on Dipsticks - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Dipsticks - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Dipsticks - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Dipsticks - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 10.7 Others - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 10.8 Market opportunity by Platform
- Market opportunity by Platform ($ million)
- Data Table on Market opportunity by Platform ($ million)
- 11 Customer Landscape
- 11 Customer Landscape
- 11.1 Customer landscape overview
- Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
- 12 Geographic Landscape
- 12 Geographic Landscape
- 12.1 Geographic segmentation
- Chart on Market share by geography - 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Market share by geography - 2025-2030 (%)
- 12.2 Geographic comparison
- Chart on Geographic comparison
- Data Table on Geographic comparison
- 12.3 Germany - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 12.4 France - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on France - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on France - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on France - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on France - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 12.5 Italy - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on Italy - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Italy - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Italy - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Italy - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 12.6 UK - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 12.7 Rest of Europe - Market size and forecast 2025-2030
- Chart on Rest of Europe - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Data Table on Rest of Europe - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Chart on Rest of Europe - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Data Table on Rest of Europe - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- 12.8 Market opportunity by geography
- Market opportunity by geography ($ million)
- Data Table on Market opportunity by geography ($ million)
- 13 Drivers, Challenges, and Opportunity
- 13 Drivers, Challenges, and Opportunity
- 13.1 Market drivers
- Shift toward rapid diagnostics over traditional labs
- Expansion of telemedicine and remote patient services
- Growing geriatric population requiring frequent monitoring
- 13.2 Market challenges
- Regulatory compliance complexity under EU IVDR
- Frequent product recalls impacting market trust
- Analytical accuracy and clinical validation concerns
- 13.3 Impact of drivers and challenges
- Impact of drivers and challenges in 2025 and 2030
- 13.4 Market opportunities
- Adoption of AI and data analytics in POCT
- Advancements in microfluidic and lab‑on‑chip technologies
- Expansion of OTC POC tests for self-monitoring health
- 14 Competitive Landscape
- 14 Competitive Landscape
- 14.1 Overview
- 14.2 Competitive Landscape
- Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation
- 14.3 Landscape disruption
- Overview on factors of disruption
- 14.4 Industry risks
- Impact of key risks on business
- 15 Competitive Analysis
- 15 Competitive Analysis
- 15.1 Companies profiled
- Companies covered
- 15.2 Company ranking index
- Company ranking index
- 15.3 Market positioning of companies
- Matrix on companies position and classification
- 15.4 A. Menarini Industrie Farma
- A. Menarini Industrie Farma - Overview
- A. Menarini Industrie Farma - Product / Service
- A. Menarini Industrie Farma - Key offerings
- SWOT
- 15.5 Abbott Laboratories
- Abbott Laboratories - Overview
- Abbott Laboratories - Business segments
- Abbott Laboratories - Key news
- Abbott Laboratories - Key offerings
- Abbott Laboratories - Segment focus
- SWOT
- 15.6 ACON Laboratories Inc.
- ACON Laboratories Inc. - Overview
- ACON Laboratories Inc. - Product / Service
- ACON Laboratories Inc. - Key offerings
- SWOT
- 15.7 Becton Dickinson and Co.
- Becton Dickinson and Co. - Overview
- Becton Dickinson and Co. - Business segments
- Becton Dickinson and Co. - Key news
- Becton Dickinson and Co. - Key offerings
- Becton Dickinson and Co. - Segment focus
- SWOT
- 15.8 BioMerieux SA
- BioMerieux SA - Overview
- BioMerieux SA - Business segments
- BioMerieux SA - Key news
- BioMerieux SA - Key offerings
- BioMerieux SA - Segment focus
- SWOT
- 15.9 Chembio Diagnostics Inc.
- Chembio Diagnostics Inc. - Overview
- Chembio Diagnostics Inc. - Product / Service
- Chembio Diagnostics Inc. - Key news
- Chembio Diagnostics Inc. - Key offerings
- SWOT
- 15.10 Danaher Corp.
- Danaher Corp. - Overview
- Danaher Corp. - Business segments
- Danaher Corp. - Key news
- Danaher Corp. - Key offerings
- Danaher Corp. - Segment focus
- SWOT
- 15.11 LifeScan IP Holdings LLC
- LifeScan IP Holdings LLC - Overview
- LifeScan IP Holdings LLC - Product / Service
- LifeScan IP Holdings LLC - Key offerings
- SWOT
- 15.12 Nova Biomedical Corp.
- Nova Biomedical Corp. - Overview
- Nova Biomedical Corp. - Product / Service
- Nova Biomedical Corp. - Key offerings
- SWOT
- 15.13 OraSure Technologies Inc.
- OraSure Technologies Inc. - Overview
- OraSure Technologies Inc. - Business segments
- OraSure Technologies Inc. - Key news
- OraSure Technologies Inc. - Key offerings
- OraSure Technologies Inc. - Segment focus
- SWOT
- 15.14 PHC Holdings Corp.
- PHC Holdings Corp. - Overview
- PHC Holdings Corp. - Business segments
- PHC Holdings Corp. - Key offerings
- PHC Holdings Corp. - Segment focus
- SWOT
- 15.15 Siemens Healthineers AG
- Siemens Healthineers AG - Overview
- Siemens Healthineers AG - Business segments
- Siemens Healthineers AG - Key news
- Siemens Healthineers AG - Key offerings
- Siemens Healthineers AG - Segment focus
- SWOT
- 15.16 Sinocare Inc.
- Sinocare Inc. - Overview
- Sinocare Inc. - Product / Service
- Sinocare Inc. - Key offerings
- SWOT
- 15.17 Sysmex Corp.
- Sysmex Corp. - Overview
- Sysmex Corp. - Business segments
- Sysmex Corp. - Key offerings
- Sysmex Corp. - Segment focus
- SWOT
- 15.18 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. - Overview
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. - Business segments
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. - Key news
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. - Key offerings
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. - Segment focus
- SWOT
- 16 Appendix
- 16 Appendix
- 16.1 Scope of the report
- Market definition
- Objectives
- Notes and caveats
- 16.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist
- Inclusions checklist
- Exclusions checklist
- 16.3 Currency conversion rates for US$
- Currency conversion rates for US$
- 16.4 Research methodology
- Research methodology
- 16.5 Data procurement
- Information sources
- 16.6 Data validation
- Data validation
- 16.7 Validation techniques employed for market sizing
- Validation techniques employed for market sizing
- 16.8 Data synthesis
- Data synthesis
- 16.9 360 degree market analysis
- 360 degree market analysis
- 16.10 List of abbreviations
- List of abbreviations
- Exhibits1: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
- Exhibits2: Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
- Exhibits3: Executive Summary - Chart on Country Market Characteristics
- Exhibits4: Executive Summary - Chart on Market by Geography
- Exhibits5: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Type
- Exhibits6: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Application
- Exhibits7: Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Platform
- Exhibits8: Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
- Exhibits9: Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
- Exhibits10: Executive Summary - Chart on Company Market Positioning
- Exhibits11: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
- Exhibits12: Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation
- Exhibits13: Overview on factors of disruption
- Exhibits14: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2025 and 2030
- Exhibits15: Chart on Parent Market
- Exhibits16: Data Table on - Parent Market
- Exhibits17: Chart on Market characteristics analysis
- Exhibits18: Chart on Value chain analysis
- Exhibits19: Data Table on Offerings of companies included in the market definition
- Exhibits20: Market segments
- Exhibits21: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Exhibits22: Data Table on Regional - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Exhibits23: Chart on Europe: Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Exhibits24: Data Table on Regional - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Exhibits25: Historic Market Size - Data Table on Point-Of-Care Testing (POCT) Market in Europe 2020 - 2024 ($ million)
- Exhibits26: Historic Market Size - Type Segment 2020 - 2024 ($ million)
- Exhibits27: Historic Market Size - Application Segment 2020 - 2024 ($ million)
- Exhibits28: Historic Market Size - Platform Segment 2020 - 2024 ($ million)
- Exhibits29: Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2020 - 2024 ($ million)
- Exhibits30: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2025 and 2030
- Exhibits31: Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2025 and 2030
- Exhibits32: Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
- Exhibits33: Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
- Exhibits34: Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
- Exhibits35: Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2025 and 2030
- Exhibits36: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2025 and 2030
- Exhibits37: Chart on Type - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
- Exhibits38: Data Table on Type - Market share 2025-2030 (%)
- Exhibits39: Chart on Comparison by Type
- Exhibits40: Data Table on Comparison by Type
- Exhibits41: Chart on OTC testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Exhibits42: Data Table on OTC testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Exhibits43: Chart on OTC testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Exhibits44: Data Table on OTC testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Exhibits45: Chart on Prescription-based testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Exhibits46: Data Table on Prescription-based testing - Market size and forecast 2025-2030 ($ million)
- Exhibits47: Chart on Prescription-based testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Exhibits48: Data Table on Prescription-based testing - Year-over-year growth 2025-2030 (%)
- Exhibits49: Market opportunity by Type ($ million)
Search Inside Report
Pricing
Currency Rates
Questions or Comments?
Our team has the ability to search within reports to verify it suits your needs. We can also help maximize your budget by finding sections of reports you can purchase.
