The global Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) market has gained unprecedented momentum as nations and industries align with net-zero goals. is Growth driven by increasing climate change mitigation efforts and supportive government policies. Currently, the market is characterized by a mix of established industrial applications and emerging technologies, with significant expansion in both capture capacity and utilization pathways.
Point source carbon capture dominates the current market, primarily focused on industrial applications including power generation, cement production, and hydrogen manufacturing. Major industrial players are increasingly integrating CCUS technologies into their decarbonization strategies, while the emergence of direct air capture (DAC) technologies is opening new opportunities for carbon removal and utilization. The market is witnessing substantial investment growth, with venture capital funding reaching record levels and increased corporate commitments to carbon reduction. Government support through initiatives like the U.S. 45Q tax credits and the EU's Innovation Fund is accelerating commercial deployment. China's rapid advancement in CCUS technology development and deployment is reshaping the global market landscape. Current commercial CCUS facilities are predominantly focused on enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications, but new utilization pathways are gaining traction.Start-ups are focusing on low-cost capture solvents, membrane technologies, and modular DAC systems. The voluntary carbon removal credits, exemplified by Microsoft’s $200 million purchase from Climeworks, is creating revenue streams, with blockchain-enabled tracking enhancing transparency. The conversion of CO2 into fuels, chemicals, and building materials represents growing market segments, supported by technological advances and increasing demand for low-carbon products.
Looking toward 2045, the CCUS market is expected to expand significantly. Projections indicate a substantial increase in global capture capacity, driven by both regulatory requirements and improving project economics. The integration of CCUS with hydrogen production (blue hydrogen) is expected to be a major growth driver, alongside expanding applications in hard-to-abate industrial sectors. Technological developments are expected to reduce capture costs while improving efficiency and scalability. Innovation in materials, processes, and integration strategies is likely to open new market opportunities, particularly in direct air capture and novel utilization pathways. The development of CCUS hubs and clusters is anticipated to solve infrastructure challenges and improve project economics through shared facilities.
Market growth is supported by strengthening carbon pricing mechanisms and increasingly stringent emissions regulations globally. The voluntary carbon market's expansion is creating additional revenue streams for CCUS projects, while corporate net-zero commitments are driving private sector investment. However, challenges remain in scaling up CCUS deployment, including high capital costs, infrastructure requirements, and technical barriers in some applications. The success of the market will depend on continued policy support, technology advancement, and the development of sustainable business models.
The Global Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Market 2025-2045 report provides a detailed analysis of the global Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) sector, offering strategic insights into market trends, technology developments, and growth opportunities from 2025 to 2045. The study examines the entire CCUS value chain, from capture technologies to end-use applications and storage solutions. The report delivers in-depth analysis of CCUS technologies, market dynamics, and competitive landscapes across key segments including direct air capture (DAC), point source capture, utilization pathways, and storage solutions. It provides detailed market forecasts, technology assessments, and competitive analysis, supported by extensive primary research and industry expertise.
Contents include:
Key Market Segments:
Carbon Capture Technologies (post-combustion, pre-combustion, oxy-fuel)
Utilization Pathways (fuels, chemicals, building materials, EOR)
Storage Solutions (geological storage, mineralization)
Direct Air Capture Technologies
Transportation Infrastructure
End-use Applications
Comprehensive coverage of CCUS technologies including:
Advanced capture materials and processes
Novel separation technologies
Utilization pathways and conversion processes
Storage monitoring and verification systems
Integration with renewable energy systems
Artificial intelligence and digital solutions
Detailed market metrics including:
Global revenue projections (2025-2035)
Regional market analysis
Technology adoption rates
Cost trends and projections
Investment landscape
Policy and regulatory frameworks
Special Focus Areas including:
Blue hydrogen production
Cement sector applications
Maritime carbon capture
Direct air capture technologies
Biological carbon removal
Enhanced oil recovery
Construction materials
Strategic Insights including:
Market opportunities and growth drivers
Technology roadmaps
Investment trends
Regional market dynamics
Policy impacts
Project economics
Applications and End Markets:
Power generation
Industrial processes
Chemical production
Building materials
Fuel synthesis
Agriculture and food production
Environmental remediation
Regulatory and Policy Analysis:
Carbon pricing mechanisms
Government initiatives
Tax credits and incentives
Environmental regulations
International agreements
Market mechanisms
Project Analysis:
Operational facilities
Projects under development
Cost analysis
Performance metrics
Success factors
Case studies
Market Drivers and Challenges:
Analysis of over 300 companies across the CCUS value chain, including:
Technology developers
Project developers
Industrial users
Oil and gas companies
Chemical manufacturers
Service providers
Companies profiled include 1point8, 3R-BioPhosphate, 44.01, 8Rivers, Adaptavate, ADNOC, Aeroborn B.V., Aether Diamonds, Again, Air Company, Air Liquide S.A., Air Products and Chemicals Inc., Air Protein, Air Quality Solutions Worldwide DAC, Airca Process Technology, Aircela Inc, AirCapture LLC, Airex Energy, AirHive, Airovation Technologies, Algal Bio Co. Ltd., Algiecel ApS, Algenol, Andes Ag Inc., Aqualung Carbon Capture, Arborea, Arca, Arkeon Biotechnologies, Asahi Kasei, AspiraDAC Pty Ltd., Aspiring Materials, Atoco, Avantium N.V., Avnos Inc., Axens SA, Aymium, Azolla, BASF Group, Barton Blakeley Technologies Ltd., BC Biocarbon, Blue Planet Systems Corporation, BluSky Inc., BP PLC, Breathe Applied Sciences, Bright Renewables, Brilliant Planet, bse Methanol GmbH, C-Capture, C2CNT LLC, C4X Technologies Inc., Cambridge Carbon Capture Ltd., Capchar Ltd., Captura Corporation, Capture6, Carba, CarbiCrete, Carbfix, Carboclave, Carbo Culture, Carbon Blade, Carbon Blue, Carbon CANTONNE, Carbon Capture Inc., Carbon Capture Machine (UK), Carbon Centric AS, Carbon Clean Solutions Limited, Carbon Collect Limited, Carbon Engineering Ltd., Carbon Geocapture Corp, Carbon Infinity Limited, Carbon Limit, Carbon Neutral Fuels, Carbon Re, Carbon Recycling International, Carbon Reform Inc., Carbon Ridge Inc., Carbon Sink LLC, Carbon Upcycling Technologies, Carbon-Zero US LLC, Carbon8 Systems, CarbonBuilt, CarbonCure Technologies Inc., Carbonfex Oy, CarbonFree, Carbonfree Chemicals, Carbonade, Carbonaide Oy, Carbonaught Pty Ltd., CarbonMeta Research Ltd., Carbominer, CarbonOrO Products B.V., CarbonQuest, CarbonScape Ltd., CarbonStar Systems, Carbyon BV, Cella Mineral Storage, Cemvita Factory Inc., CERT Systems Inc., CFOAM Limited, Charm Industrial, Chevron Corporation, China Energy Investment Corporation (CHN Energy), Chiyoda Corporation, Climeworks, CNF Biofuel AS, CO2 Capsol, CO2CirculAir B.V., CO2Rail Company, Compact Carbon Capture AS (Baker Hughes), Concrete4Change, Coval Energy B.V., Covestro AG, C-Quester Inc., Cquestr8 Limited, CyanoCapture, D-CRBN, Decarbontek LLC, Deep Branch Biotechnology, Deep Sky, Denbury Inc., Dimensional Energy, Dioxide Materials, Dioxycle, Earth RepAIR, Ebb Carbon, Ecocera, EcoClosure LLC, ecoLocked GmbH, Econic Technologies Ltd., Eion Carbon, Electrochaea GmbH, Emerging Fuels Technology (EFT), Empower Materials Inc., enaDyne GmbH, Enerkem Inc., Entropy Inc., E-Quester, Equatic, Equinor ASA, Evonik Industries AG, Exomad Green, ExxonMobil, Fairbrics, Fervo Energy, Fluor Corporation, Fortera Corporation, Framergy Inc., FuelCell Energy Inc., Funga, GE Gas Power (General Electric), Giammarco Vetrocoke, Giner Inc., Global Algae Innovations, Global Thermostat LLC, Graphyte, Graviky Labs, GreenCap Solutions AS, Greeniron H2 AB, Greenlyte Carbon Technologies, Green Sequest, greenSand, Gulf Coast Sequestration, Hago Energetics, Haldor Topsoe, Heimdal CCU, Heirloom Carbon Technologies, High Hopes Labs, Holcene, Holcim Group, Holy Grail Inc., Honeywell, IHI Corporation, Immaterial Ltd., Ineratec GmbH, Infinitree LLC, Innovator Energy, InnoSepra LLC, Inplanet GmbH, InterEarth, ION Clean Energy Inc., Japan CCS Co. Ltd., Jupiter Oxygen Corporation, Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd., KC8 Capture Technologies, Krajete GmbH, LanzaJet Inc., Lanzatech, Lectrolyst LLC, Levidian Nanosystems, The Linde Group, Liquid Wind AB, Lithos Carbon, Living Carbon, Loam Bio, Low Carbon Korea and more.
- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- Main sources of carbon dioxide emissions
- CO2 as a commodity
- Meeting climate targets
- Market drivers and trends
- Table Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) market drivers and trends.
- The current market and future outlook
- CCUS Industry developments 2020-2025
- Table Carbon capture, usage, and storage (CCUS) industry developments 2020-2025
- CCUS investments
- Venture Capital Funding
- Table Global Investment in Carbon Capture Technologies (2010-2024)
- Table CCUS VC deals 2022-2025.
- Venture Capital Funding
- Government CCUS initiatives
- Table CCUS government funding and investment-10 year outlook.
- North America
- Europe
- Asia
- Table Demonstration and commercial CCUS facilities in China.
- Market map
- Commercial CCUS facilities and projects
- Facilities
- Table Global commercial CCUS facilities-in operation.
- Table Global commercial CCUS facilities-under development/construction.
- Facilities
- CCUS Value Chain
- Key market barriers for CCUS
- Table Key market barriers for CCUS.
- Carbon pricing
- Compliance Carbon Pricing Mechanisms
- Table Key compliance carbon pricing initiatives around the world.
- Alternative to Carbon Pricing: 45Q Tax Credits
- Business models
- Table CCUS business models: full chain, part chain, and hubs and clusters.
- The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS)
- Carbon Pricing in the US
- Carbon Pricing in China
- Voluntary Carbon Markets
- Challenges with Carbon Pricing
- Compliance Carbon Pricing Mechanisms
- Global market forecasts
- CCUS capture capacity forecast by end point
- Table CCUS capture capacity forecast by CO2 endpoint, Mtpa of CO2, to 2045.
- Capture capacity by region to 2045, Mtpa
- Table Capture capacity by region to 2045, Mtpa.
- Revenues
- Table CCUS revenue potential for captured CO2 offtaker, billion US $ to 2045.
- CCUS capacity forecast by capture type
- Table CCUS capacity forecast by capture type, Mtpa of CO2, to 2045.
- Table Point-source CCUS capture capacity forecast by CO2 source sector, Mtpa of CO2, to 2045.
- Cost projections 2025-2045
- Table CCUS Cost Projections 2025-2045.
- CCUS capture capacity forecast by end point
- INTRODUCTION
- What is CCUS?
- Table CO2 utilization and removal pathways
- Carbon Capture
- Table Approaches for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from point sources.
- Table CO2 capture technologies.
- Table Advantages and challenges of carbon capture technologies.
- Table Overview of commercial materials and processes utilized in carbon capture.
- Carbon Utilization
- Carbon storage
- Transporting CO2
- Methods of CO2 transport
- Table Methods of CO2 transport.
- Safety
- Table Comparison of CO2 Transportation Methods.
- Methods of CO2 transport
- Costs
- Table Estimated capital costs for commercial-scale carbon capture.
- Cost of CO2 transport
- Carbon credits
- Table Key Milestones in Carbon Market Development
- Table Carbon Credit Prices by Market.
- Table Carbon Credit Project Types.
- Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of CCUS Technologies
- Table Life Cycle Assessment of CCUS Technologies
- Environmental Impact Assessment
- Table Environmental Impact Assessment for CCUS Technologies.
- Social acceptance and public perception
- What is CCUS?
- CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE
- CO2 capture technologies
- Table Comparison of CO2 capture technologies.
- Table Typical conditions and performance for different capture technologies.
- >90% capture rate
- 99% capture rate
- CO2 capture from point sources
- Table PSCC technologies.
- Table Point source examples.
- Table Comparison of point-source CO2 capture systems
- Energy Availability and Costs
- Power plants with CCUS
- Transportation
- Global point source CO2 capture capacities
- By source
- Blue hydrogen
- Table Blue hydrogen projects.
- Table Commercial CO2 capture systems for blue H2.
- Table Market players in blue hydrogen.
- Carbon capture in cement
- Table CCUS Projects in the Cement Sector.
- Table Carbon capture technologies in the cement sector.
- Table Cost and technological status of carbon capture in the cement sector.
- Maritime carbon capture
- Main carbon capture processes
- Materials
- Table Assessment of carbon capture materials
- Post-combustion
- Table Chemical solvents used in post-combustion.
- Table Comparison of key chemical solvent-based systems.
- Table Chemical absorption solvents used in current operational CCUS point-source projects.
- Table Comparison of key physical absorption solvents.
- Table Physical solvents used in current operational CCUS point-source projects.
- Table Emerging solvents for carbon capture
- Oxy-fuel combustion
- Table Oxygen separation technologies for oxy-fuel combustion.
- Table Large-scale oxyfuel CCUS cement projects.
- Liquid or supercritical CO2: Allam-Fetvedt Cycle
- Pre-combustion
- Table Commercially available physical solvents for pre-combustion carbon capture.
- Materials
- Carbon separation technologies
- Table Main capture processes and their separation technologies.
- Absorption capture
- Table Absorption methods for CO2 capture overview.
- Table Commercially available physical solvents used in CO2 absorption.
- Adsorption capture
- Table Adsorption methods for CO2 capture overview.
- Table Solid sorbents explored for carbon capture.
- Table Carbon-based adsorbents for CO2 capture.
- Table Polymer-based adsorbents.
- Table Solid sorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture.
- Table Emerging Solid Sorbent Systems.
- Membranes
- Table Membrane-based methods for CO2 capture overview.
- Table Comparison of membrane materials for CCUS
- Table Commercial status of membranes in carbon capture
- Table Membranes for pre-combustion capture.
- Liquid or supercritical CO2 (Cryogenic) capture
- Table Status of cryogenic CO2 capture technologies.
- Calcium Looping
- Other technologies
- Table Benefits and drawbacks of microalgae carbon capture.
- Comparison of key separation technologies
- Table Comparison of main separation technologies.
- Technology readiness level (TRL) of gas separation technologies
- Table Technology readiness level (TRL) of gas separation technologies
- Opportunities and barriers
- Table Opportunities and Barriers by sector.
- Costs of CO2 capture
- CO2 capture capacity
- Direct air capture (DAC)
- Technology description
- Table DAC technologies.
- Table Advantages and disadvantages of DAC.
- Advantages of DAC
- Table Advantages of DAC as a CO2 removal strategy.
- Deployment
- Table Potential for DAC removal versus other carbon removal methods.
- Point source carbon capture versus Direct Air Capture
- Technologies
- Table Companies developing airflow equipment integration with DAC.
- Table Companies developing Passive Direct Air Capture (PDAC) technologies.
- Table Companies developing regeneration methods for DAC technologies.
- Electricity and Heat Sources
- Commercialization and plants
- Table DAC companies and technologies.
- Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in DAC
- DAC plants and projects-current and planned
- Table Global capacity of direct air capture facilities.
- Table DAC technology developers and production.
- Table DAC projects in development.
- Capacity forecasts
- Table DACCS carbon removal capacity forecast (million metric tons of CO2 per year), 2024-2045, base case.
- Table DACCS carbon removal capacity forecast (million metric tons of CO2 per year), 2030-2045, optimistic case.
- Costs
- Table Costs summary for DAC.
- Table Typical cost contributions of the main components of a DACCS system.
- Table Cost estimates of DAC.
- Market challenges for DAC
- Table Challenges for DAC technology.
- Market prospects for direct air capture
- Players and production
- Table DAC companies and technologies.
- Co2 utilization pathways
- Table Example CO2 utilization pathways.
- Markets for Direct Air Capture and Storage (DACCS)
- Table Markets for Direct Air Capture and Storage (DACCS).
- Table Market overview for CO2 derived fuels.
- Table Compnaies in Methanol Production from CO2.
- Table Microalgae products and prices.
- Table Main Solar-Driven CO2 Conversion Approaches.
- Table Companies in CO2-derived fuel products.
- Table Commodity chemicals and fuels manufactured from CO2.
- Table CO2 utilization products developed by chemical and plastic producers.
- Table Companies in CO2-derived chemicals products.
- Table Carbon capture technologies and projects in the cement sector
- Table Companies in CO2 derived building materials.
- Table Market challenges for CO2 utilization in construction materials.
- Table Companies in CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting.
- Table CO2 sequestering technologies and their use in food.
- Table Applications of CCS in oil and gas production.
- Technology description
- Hybrid Capture Systems
- Artificial Intelligence in Carbon Capture
- Table AI Applications in Carbon Capture.
- Integration with Renewable Energy Systems
- Table Renewable Energy Integration in Carbon Capture.
- Mobile Carbon Capture Solutions
- Table Mobile Carbon Capture Applications.
- Carbon Capture Retrofitting
- Table Carbon Capture Retrofitting.
- CO2 capture technologies
- CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL
- Table Market Drivers for Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR).
- Table CDR versus CCUS
- Conventional CDR on land
- Wetland and peatland restoration
- Cropland, grassland, and agroforestry
- Technological CDR Solutions
- Table Status and Potential of CDR Technologies.
- Main CDR methods
- Table Main CDR methods.
- Novel CDR methods
- Table Novel CDR Methods
- Table Carbon Dioxide Removal Technology Benchmarking
- Technology Readiness Level (TRL): Carbon Dioxide Removal Methods
- Carbon Credits
- CO2 Utilization
- Biochar and Agricultural Products
- Renewable Energy Generation
- Ecosystem Services
- Types of Carbon Credits
- Voluntary Carbon Credits
- Compliance Carbon Credits
- Table Comparison of voluntary and compliance carbon credits.
- Table DACCS carbon credit revenue forecast (million US$), 2024-2045.
- Corporate commitments
- Increasing government support and regulations
- Table Examples of government support and regulations.
- Advancements in carbon offset project verification and monitoring
- Potential for blockchain technology in carbon credit trading
- Prices
- Table Carbon credit prices.
- Table Carbon credit prices by company and technology.
- Table Carbon credit market sizes.
- Buying and Selling Carbon Credits
- Table Carbon Credit Exchanges and Trading Platforms.
- Certification
- Challenges and risks
- Table Challenges and Risks.
- Value chain
- Table CDR Value Chain.
- Monitoring, reporting, and verification
- Government policies
- Bioenergy with Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS)
- Advantages
- Challenges
- Costs
- Feedstocks
- Table Feedstocks for Bioenergy with Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS):
- BECCS
- Technology overview
- Biomass conversion
- CO2 capture technologies
- Table CO2 capture technologies for BECCS.
- BECCS facilities
- Table Existing and planned capacity for sequestration of biogenic carbon.
- Table Existing facilities with capture and/or geologic sequestration of biogenic CO2.
- Cost analysis
- BECCS carbon credits
- Sustainability
- Challenges
- Table Challenges of BECCS
- Enhanced Weathering
- Overview
- Enhanced Weathering Processes and Materials
- Table Comparison of enhanced weathering materials
- Enhanced Weathering Applications
- Table Enhanced Weathering Applications.
- Trends and Opportunities
- Table Trends and opportunities in enhanced weathering.
- Challenges and Risks
- Table Challenges and risks in enhanced weathering.
- Cost analysis
- SWOT analysis
- Afforestation/Reforestation
- Overview
- Carbon dioxide removal methods
- Table Nature-based CDR approaches.
- Table Comparison of A/R and BECCS Solutions.
- Projects
- Table Status of Forest Carbon Removal Projects.
- Remote sensing in A/R
- Robotics
- Table Companies in robotics in afforestation/reforestation.
- Table Comparison of A/R and BECCS.
- Trends and Opportunities
- Table Trends and Opportunities in afforestation/reforestation.
- Challenges and Risks
- Table Challenges and risks in afforestation/reforestation.
- SWOT analysis
- Soil carbon sequestration (SCS)
- Overview
- Practices
- Table Soil carbon sequestration practices.
- Measuring and Verifying
- Table Soil sampling and analysis methods.
- Table Remote sensing and modeling techniques.
- Table Carbon credit protocols and standards.
- Trends and Opportunities
- Table Trends and opportunities in soil carbon sequestration (SCS).
- Carbon credits
- Table Key aspects of soil carbon credits.
- Challenges and Risks
- Table Challenges and Risks in SCS.
- SWOT analysis
- Biochar
- What is biochar?
- Carbon sequestration
- Properties of biochar
- Table Summary of key properties of biochar.
- Table Biochar physicochemical and morphological properties
- Feedstocks
- Table Biochar feedstocks-source, carbon content, and characteristics.
- Production processes
- Table Biochar production technologies, description, advantages and disadvantages.
- Table Comparison of slow and fast pyrolysis for biomass.
- Table Comparison of thermochemical processes for biochar production.
- Table Biochar production equipment manufacturers.
- Biochar pricing
- Biochar carbon credits
- Table Competitive materials and technologies that can also earn carbon credits.
- Bio-oil based CDR
- Table Bio-oil-based CDR pros and cons.
- Biomass burial for CO2 removal
- Bio-based construction materials for CDR
- SWOT analysis
- Ocean-based CDR
- Overview
- Table Ocean-based CDR methods.
- Ocean pumps
- Table Benchmarking of ocean-based CDR methods:
- CO2 capture from seawater
- Ocean fertilization
- Table Ocean-based CDR: biotic methods.
- Coastal blue carbon
- Algal cultivation
- Artificial upwelling
- MRV for marine CDR
- Ocean alkalinisation
- Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE)
- Electrochemical ocean alkalinity enhancement
- Direct ocean capture technology
- Table Technology in direct ocean capture.
- Table Future direct ocean capture technologies.
- Artificial downwelling
- Trends and Opportunities
- Table Trends and opportunities in ocean-based CDR.
- Ocean-based carbon credits
- Cost analysis
- Challenges and Risks
- Table Challenges and risks in ocean-based CDR.
- SWOT analysis
- Overview
- CARBON DIOXIDE UTILIZATION
- Overview
- Current market status
- Table Carbon utilization revenue forecast by product (US$).
- Current market status
- Carbon utilization business models
- Table Carbon utilization business models.
- Benefits of carbon utilization
- Table CO2 utilization and removal pathways.
- Market challenges
- Table Market challenges for CO2 utilization.
- Co2 utilization pathways
- Table Example CO2 utilization pathways.
- Conversion processes
- Thermochemical
- Table CO2 derived products via Thermochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
- Electrochemical conversion of CO2
- Table CO2 derived products via electrochemical conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
- Photocatalytic and photothermal catalytic conversion of CO2
- Catalytic conversion of CO2
- Biological conversion of CO2
- Table CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
- Copolymerization of CO2
- Table Companies developing and producing CO2-based polymers.
- Mineral carbonation
- Table Companies developing mineral carbonation technologies.
- Table Comparison of emerging CO2 utilization applications.
- Thermochemical
- CO2-Utilization in Fuels
- Overview
- Table Main routes to CO2 -fuels.
- Table Market overview for CO2 derived fuels.
- Production routes
- Table Main routes to CO2 - fuels
- Table Comparison of e-fuels to fossil and biofuels.
- Table Existing and future CO2 -derived synfuels (kerosene, diesel, and gasoline) projects
- CO2-fuels in road vehicles
- CO2-fuels in shipping
- CO2-fuels in aviation
- Costs of e-fuel
- Power-to-methane
- Table CO2-Derived Methane Projects.
- Table Power-to-Methane projects worldwide.
- Table Power-to-Methane projects.
- Algae based biofuels
- Table Microalgae products and prices.
- DAC for e-fuels
- Syngas Production Options
- Table Syngas Production Options for E-fuels.
- CO2-fuels from solar
- Table Main Solar-Driven CO2 Conversion Approaches.
- Companies
- Table Companies in CO2-derived fuel products.
- Challenges
- Global market forecasts 2025-2045
- Table CO2 utilization forecast for fuels by fuel type (million tonnes of CO2 /year), 2025-2045.
- Table Global revenue forecast for CO2 - derived fuels by fuel type (million US$), 2025-2045.
- Overview
- CO2-Utilization in Chemicals
- Overview
- Carbon nanostructures
- Scalability
- Table Commodity chemicals and fuels manufactured from CO2.
- Pathways
- Table CO2 - derived Chemicals: Thermochemical Pathways.
- Table Thermochemical Methods: CO2 - derived Methanol.
- Table CO2 - derived Methanol Projects.
- Table CO2 - Derived Methanol: Economic and Market Analysis (Next 5-10 Years).
- Table Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Technologies.
- Table Comparison of RWGS and SOEC Co-electrolysis Routes.
- Table Cost Comparison of CO2 Electrochemical Technologies.
- Applications
- Table Technology Readiness Level (TRL): CO2 U Chemicals.
- Companies
- Table Companies in CO2-derived chemicals products.
- Global market forecasts 2025-2045
- Table CO2 utilization forecast in chemicals by end-use (million tonnes of CO2 /year), 2025-2045.
- Table Global revenue forecast for CO2 - derived chemicals by end-use (million US$), 2025-2045.
- CO2-Utilization in Construction and Building Materials
- Overview
- Market drivers
- Key CO2 utilization technologies in construction
- Table Carbon capture technologies and projects in the cement sector
- Carbonated aggregates
- Additives during mixing
- Table Prefabricated versus ready-mixed concrete markets
- Table CO2 utilization in concrete curing or mixing.
- Concrete curing
- Costs
- Market trends and business models
- Table CO2 utilization business models in building materials.
- Carbon credits
- Companies
- Table Companies in CO2 derived building materials.
- Challenges
- Table Market challenges for CO2 utilization in construction materials.
- Global market forecasts
- Table CO2 utilization forecast in building materials by end-use (million tonnes of CO2 /year), 2025-2045.
- Table Global revenue forecast for CO2 -derived building materials by product (million US$), 2025-2045.
- CO2-Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting
- Overview
- CO2 utilization in biological processes
- Table Enrichment Technology.
- Table Food and Feed Production from CO2.
- Companies
- Table Companies in CO2 Utilization in Biological Yield-Boosting.
- Global market forecasts 2025-2045
- Table CO2 utilization forecast in biological yield-boosting by end-use (million tonnes of CO2 per year), 2025-2045.
- Table Global revenue forecast for CO2 use in biological yield-boosting by end-use (million US$), 2025-2045.
- CO2 Utilization in Enhanced Oil Recovery
- Overview
- Table Applications of CCS in oil and gas production.
- CO2-EOR facilities and projects
- Challenges
- Global market forecasts 2025-2045
- Table CO2 utilization forecast in enhanced oil recovery (million tonnes of CO2 /year), 2025-2045
- Table Global revenue forecast for CO2 - enhanced oil recovery (billion US$), 2025-2045.
- Overview
- Enhanced mineralization
- Advantages
- In situ and ex-situ mineralization
- Enhanced mineralization pathways
- Challenges
- Table CO2 EOR/Storage Challenges.
- Digital Solutions and IoT in Carbon Utilization
- Table Digital and IoT Applications in Carbon Utilization.
- Blockchain Applications in Carbon Trading
- Table Blockchain Applications in Carbon Trading.
- Carbon Utilization in Data Centers
- Table Carbon Utilization Strategies in Data Centers.
- Integration with Smart City Infrastructure
- Table CCU Integration in Smart City Infrastructure.
- Novel Applications
- 3D Printing with CO2-derived Materials
- Table CO2-derived Materials in 3D Printing.
- CO2 in Energy Storage
- Table CO2 Applications in Energy Storage.
- CO2 in Electronics Manufacturing
- Table CO2 Applications in Electronics Manufacturing.
- 3D Printing with CO2-derived Materials
- Overview
- CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE
- Introduction
- Table Storage and utilization of CO2.
- Table Mechanisms of subsurface CO2 trapping.
- CO2 storage sites
- Storage types for geologic CO2 storage
- Table Global depleted reservoir storage projects.
- Table Global CO2 ECBM storage projects.
- Oil and gas fields
- Table CO2 EOR/storage projects.
- Saline formations
- Table Global storage sites-saline aquifer projects.
- Coal seams and shale
- Basalts and ultra-mafic rocks
- Storage types for geologic CO2 storage
- CO2 leakage
- Global CO2 storage capacity
- Table Global storage capacity estimates, by region.
- Table MRV Technologies and Costs in CO2 Storage.
- Table Carbon storage challenges.
- CO2 Storage Projects
- Table Status of CO2 Storage Projects.
- CO2 -EOR
- Description
- Injected CO2
- Table Types of CO2 - EOR designs.
- CO2 capture with CO2 -EOR facilities
- Table CO2 capture with CO2-EOR facilities.
- Companies
- Table CO2 -EOR companies.
- Economics
- Costs
- Challenges
- Storage Monitoring Technologies
- Table Carbon Capture Storage Monitoring Technologies.
- Underground Hydrogen Storage Synergies
- Advanced Modelling and Simulation
- Storage Site Selection Criteria
- Table Storage Site Selection Criteria.
- Risk Assessment and Management
- Introduction
- CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORTATION
- Introduction
- Table Phases of CO2 for transportation.
- CO2 transportation methods and conditions
- Table CO2 transportation methods and conditions.
- Table Status of CO2 transportation methods in CCS projects.
- CO2 transportation by pipeline
- Table CO2 pipelines Technical challenges.
- CO2 transportation by ship
- CO2 transportation by rail and truck
- Cost analysis of different methods
- Table Cost comparison of CO2 transportation methods
- Smart Pipeline Networks
- Table Components of Smart Pipeline Networks.
- Transportation Hubs and Infrastructure
- Table Components of CO2 Transportation Hubs.
- Safety Systems and Monitoring
- Table CO2 Pipeline Safety Systems and Monitoring.
- Future Transportation Technologies
- Table Emerging CO2 Transportation Technologies.
- Companies
- Table CO2 transport operators.
- Introduction
- COMPANY PROFILES
- 3R-BioPhosphate
- Adaptavate
- Again
- Aeroborn B.V.
- Aether Diamonds
- AirCapture LLC
- Aircela Inc
- Airco Process Technology
- Air Company
- Air Liquide S.A.
- Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
- Air Protein
- Air Quality Solutions Worldwide DAC
- Airex Energy
- AirHive
- Airovation Technologies
- Algal Bio Co., Ltd.
- Algenol
- Algiecel ApS
- Andes Ag, Inc.
- Aqualung Carbon Capture
- Arborea
- Arca
- Arkeon Biotechnologies
- Asahi Kasei
- AspiraDAC Pty Ltd.
- Aspiring Materials
- Atoco
- Avantium N.V.
- Avnos, Inc.
- Aymium
- Axens SA
- Azolla
- Barton Blakeley Technologies Ltd.
- BASF Group
- BC Biocarbon
- BP PLC
- Bio-Logica Carbon Ltd.
- Biosorra
- Blue Planet Systems Corporation
- BluSky, Inc.
- Breathe Applied Sciences
- Bright Renewables
- Brineworks
- Brilliant Planet
- bse Methanol GmbH
- C-Capture
- C4X Technologies Inc.
- C2CNT LLC
- Calcin8 Technologies Limited
- Cambridge Carbon Capture Ltd.
- Capchar Ltd.
- Captura Corporation
- Captur Tower
- Capture6
- Carba
- CarbiCrete
- Carbfix
- Carboclave
- Carbo Culture
- Carbofex Oy
- Carbominer
- Carbonade
- Carbonaide Oy
- Carbonaught Pty Ltd.
- CarbonFree
- Carbonova
- CarbonScape Ltd.
- Carbon8 Systems
- Carbon Blade
- Carbon Blue
- CarbonBuilt
- Carbon CANTONNE
- Carbon Capture, Inc. (CarbonCapture)
- Carbon Capture Machine (UK)
- Carbon Centric AS
- Carbon Clean Solutions Limited
- Carbon Collect Limited
- CarbonCure Technologies Inc.
- Carbon Geocapture Corp
- Carbon Engineering Ltd.
- Carbon Infinity Limited
- Carbon Limit
- Carbon Neutral Fuels
- Carbon Recycling International
- Carbon Re
- Carbon Reform, Inc.
- Carbon Ridge, Inc.
- Carbon Sink LLC
- CarbonStar Systems
- Carbon Upcycling Technologies
- Carbonfree Chemicals
- CarbonMeta Research Ltd
- CarbonOrO Products B.V.
- CarbonQuest
- Carbon-Zero US LLC
- Carbyon BV
- Cella Mineral Storage
- Cemvita Factory Inc.
- CERT Systems, Inc.
- CFOAM Limited
- Charm Industrial
- Chevron Corporation
- Chiyoda Corporation
- China Energy Investment Corporation (CHN Energy)
- Climeworks
- CNF Biofuel AS
- CO2 Capsol
- CO2Rail Company
- CO2CirculAir B.V.
- Compact Carbon Capture AS (Baker Hughes)
- Concrete4Change
- Coval Energy B.V.
- Covestro AG
- C-Quester Inc.
- C-Questra
- Cquestr8 Limited
- CyanoCapture
- D-CRBN
- Decarbontek LLC
- Deep Branch Biotechnology
- Deep Sky
- Denbury Inc.
- Dimensional Energy
- Dioxide Materials
- Dioxycle
- 8Rivers
- Earth RepAIR
- Ebb Carbon
- Ecocera
- ecoLocked GmbH
- Eion Carbon
- Econic Technologies Ltd
- EcoClosure LLC
- Electrochaea GmbH
- Emerging Fuels Technology (EFT)
- Empower Materials, Inc.
- Enerkem, Inc.
- enaDyne GmbH
- Entropy Inc.
- E-Quester
- Equatic
- Equinor ASA
- Evonik Industries AG
- Exomad Green
- ExxonMobil
- 44.01
- Fairbrics
- Fervo Energy
- Fluor Corporation
- Fortera Corporation
- Framergy, Inc.
- FuelCell Energy, Inc.
- Funga
- GE Gas Power (General Electric)
- Giammarco Vetrocoke
- Giner, Inc.
- Global Algae Innovations
- Global Thermostat LLC
- Graphyte
- Graviky Labs
- GreenCap Solutions AS
- Greenlyte Carbon Technologies
- Greeniron H2 AB
- Green Sequest
- Gulf Coast Sequestration
- Greenlyte Carbon Technologies
- greensand
- Hago Energetics
- Haldor Topsoe
- Heimdal CCU
- Heirloom Carbon Technologies
- High Hopes Labs
- Holcim Group
- Holocene
- Holy Grail, Inc.
- Honeywell
- Oy Hydrocell Ltd.
- Hyvegeo
- 1point8
- IHI Corporation
- Immaterial Ltd
- Ineratec GmbH
- Infinitree LLC
- Innovator Energy
- InnoSepra LLC
- Inplanet GmbH
- InterEarth
- ION Clean Energy, Inc.
- Japan CCS Co., Ltd.
- Jupiter Oxygen Corporation
- Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.
- KC8 Capture Technologies (KC8)
- Krajete GmbH
- LanzaJet, Inc.
- Lanzatech
- Lectrolyst LLC
- Levidian Nanosystems
- Limenet
- The Linde Group
- Liquid Wind AB
- Lithos Carbon
- Living Carbon
- Loam Bio
- Low Carbon Korea
- Low Carbon Materials
- Made of Air GmbH
- Mango Materials, Inc.
- Mantel
- Mars Materials
- Mattershift
- MCI Carbon
- Mercurius Biorefining
- Minera Systems
- Mineral Carbonation International (MCi) Carbon
- Mission Zero Technologies
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.
- MOFWORX
- Molten Industries, Inc.
- Mosaic Materials, Inc. (Baker Hughes)
- Myno Carbon
- Nanyang Zhongju Tianguan Low Carbon Technology Company
- NeoCarbon
- Net Power, LLC
- NetZero
- Neustark AG
- Newlight Technologies LLC
- New Sky Energy
- Njord Carbon
- Norsk e-Fuel AS
- Novocarbo GmbH
- novoMOF AG
- Novo Nutrients
- Noya
- Nuada Carbon Capture
- Oakbio
- Obrist Group
- Occidental Petroleum Corp.
- O.C.O Technology
- OCOchem
- Octavia Carbon
- Orchestra Scientific S.L.
- Origen Carbon Solutions
- Osaki CoolGen Corporation
- OXCCU Tech Ltd.
- OxEon Energy, LLC
- Oxylum
- Oxylus Energy
- Paebbl AB
- Parallel Carbon Limited
- Perpetual Next Technologies
- Photanol B.V.
- Phycobloom
- Phytonix Corporation
- Plantd
- Planetary Technologies
- Pond Technologies
- Prometheus Fuels, Inc.
- Prometheus Materials
- PTTEP
- Proton Power, Inc.
- PYREG GmbH
- PyroCCS
- Qaptis
- RedoxNRG
- Remora
- Removr
- RepAir Carbon DAC Ltd.
- Rewind
- Rplace
- Rubi Laboratories, Inc.
- rubisCO2
- Saipem S.p.A.
- Seabound
- Seachange Technologies
- Sekisui Chemical
- SeaO2
- Seeo2 Energy, Inc.
- Seaweed Generation
- Seratech
- Shell plc
- Silicate Carbon
- Sirona Technologies
- SkyMining AB
- SkyNano Technologies
- Skyrenu Technologies
- Skytree
- SLB Capturi
- Solar Foods Oy
- Soletair Power Oy
- Solidia Technologies
- South Ocean Air
- Southern Green Gas
- Steeper Energy
- Stiesdal
- Stockholm Exergi AB
- Storegga Geotechnologies Limited
- Sublime Systems
- Sunfire GmbH
- Sustaera
- Svante, Inc.
- Synhelion
- Quantiam Technologies Inc.
- Takachar
- Tandem Technical
- TerraCOH, Inc.
- TerraFixing, Inc.
- Terra CO2 Technologies Ltd.
- TierraSpec Ltd.
- TotalEnergies SE
- Travertine Technologies, Inc.
- Twelve
- Ulysses Ecosystem Engineering
- Underground Forest
- UNDO Carbon Ltd.
- UniSieve Ltd.
- UP Catalyst
- Vertus Energy Ltd.
- Verdox
- ViridiCO2
- Vortis Carbon Co.
- Vycarb
- WasteX
- Yama Carbon
- YuanChu Technology Corp.
- Zero Carbon Systems
- ZoraMat Solutions
- ZS2 Technologies
- APPENDICES
- Abbreviations
- Table List of abbreviations.
- Research Methodology
- Definition of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS)
- Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
- Table Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Examples.
- Abbreviations
- REFERENCES
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