A 3D cell culture is an artificially created environment in which biological cells are permitted to grow or interact with their surroundings in all three dimensions. Unlike 2D environments (e.g., a Petri dish), a 3D cell culture allows cells in vitro to grow in all directions, similar to how they would in vivo. 3D cell cultures can be grown with or without a supporting scaffold. They are usually grown in bioreactors, small capsules in which the cells can grow into spheroids, or 3D cell colonies. 3D spheroids more closely resemble in vivo tissue in terms of cellular communication and the development of extracellular matrices. These matrices help the cells to be able to move within their spheroid similar to the way cells would move in a living tissue. 3D cell cultures have been used in research for several decades and have been applied to in vitro disease models used to evaluate cellular responses to pharmaceutical compounds. They are also becoming increasingly popular as versatile and biologically relevant research models to support the fight against COVID-19.
Market Dynamics
Key companies are allocating significant resources in research and development to create advanced 3D cell culture technologies, innovative biomaterials, and culture platforms that address challenges and offer better performance. For instance, from April 8 to April 13, 2022 several emerging trends in cancer therapy were presented at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) 2022 Annual Meeting, and the U.K.'s Wellcome Sanger Institute summarized five key issues: early diagnosis in the pre-cancer stage; targeting the microenvironment; equity and representation from underrepresented populations; novel biomarker evaluation; and personalized therapeutics. Each issue pointed to cancer models using 3D cell culture as a solution.
Moreover, products for 3D cell culture, such as specialized scaffolds, culture plates, bioreactors, and microfluidic devices, are constantly being introduced to the market by manufacturers which is driving the market further. For instance, in December 2020, eNuvio, a company which designs and produces new cutting-edge tools for the life science research, drug discovery, and safety assessment markets, Montreal, Canada, announced the release of the first completely reusable 3D cell culture microplate on the market: the EB-Plate.
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