E-commerce Payment Market to 2025 – Global Analysis and Forecasts by Type (Credit Card, Debit Card, Digital Payment/E-Wallet, and Net Banking); and Industry (Fashion, Electronics & Media, Food & Personal Care, Furniture and Appliances, and Service Industry & Others)
The global e-commerce payment market accounted for US$ 24.26 Bn in 2017 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 13.1% over the forecast period 2018–2025, to account for US$ 64.69 Bn in 2025. The demand for e-commerce payment is largely influenced by a number of factors such as availability of several online payment options on e-commerce websites such as e-wallet, debit & credit cards, net banking etc.; increasing banking population worldwide; and rising smartphone adoption coupled with increasing internet penetration. Furthermore, the growth of cross-border e-commerce provides a potential opportunity for the e-commerce payment market.
The e-commerce payment market is fragmented with the presence of several payment gateway providers and the competitive dynamics in the market is expected to change during the upcoming years. E-commerce players are considering several factors before reaching a final decision to select a payment gateway service provider for their online business. These factors include ease of onboarding, attractive pricing, a range of payment options, merchant & end-user centric features, strong customer support and availability of Omnichannel. Integration of such features under one suite of gateway solution will create significant opportunities for the companies to leverage an increasing growing e-commerce market.
On the basis of type, credit card segment is the leading however, it is expected that the segment will lose its major share to e-wallet during the forecast period. With the e-commerce growth, the e-commerce payment market is noticing developments of new products and services with an objective to capture share in the constantly growing e-commerce payment market space. The introduction of new payment types helps the customers by providing more convenience as well as security while making online payments. The selection of payment options is the main consideration for e-commerce players for reducing shopping cart abandonment. Payments options that are confusing and not in accordance with customers banking requirements can significantly affect the sales channel success.
The overall e-commerce payment market size has been derived using both primary and secondary source. The research process begins with an exhaustive secondary research using internal and external sources to obtain qualitative and quantitative information related to the e-commerce payment market. It also provides the overview and forecast for the global e-commerce payment market based on all the segmentation provided with respect to five major reasons such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East and Africa, and South America. Also, primary interviews were conducted with industry participants and commentators in order to validate data and analysis. The participants who typically take part in such a process include industry expert such as VPs, business development managers, market intelligence managers and national sales managers, and external consultant such as valuation experts, research analysts and key opinion leaders specializing in the e-commerce payment industry.
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
- 1.2 THE INSIGHT PARTNERS RESEARCH REPORT GUIDANCE
- 2. KEY TAKEAWAYS
- 3. E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET LANDSCAPE
- 3.1 MARKET OVERVIEW
- 3.2 MARKET SEGMENTATION
- 3.2.1 Global E-commerce payment Market – By Types
- 3.2.2 Global E-commerce payment Market – By Industry
- 3.2.3 Global E-commerce payment Market – By Geography
- 3.3 PEST ANALYSIS
- 3.3.1 North America PEST Analysis
- 3.3.2 Europe PEST Analysis
- 3.3.3 Asia Pacific PEST analysis
- 3.3.4 Middle East & Africa PEST Analysis
- 3.3.5 South America PEST Analysis
- 4. E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET – KEY INDUSTRY DYNAMICS
- 4.1 KEY MARKET DRIVERS
- 4.1.1 Increasing number of transaction on ecommerce platform via digital payment methods including credit card, debit card and e-wallets
- 4.1.2 Lowering entry barriers in the payment service market together with technological advancement will create favourable environment for e-commerce payment market
- 4.2 KEY MARKET RESTRAINTS
- 4.2.1 Cash based transactions are inhibiting the growth of the market
- 4.2.2 Increasing online fraud globally is affecting the e-commerce payment industry
- 4.3 KEY MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
- 4.3.1 Collaborations among e-commerce companies and local payment service providers
- 4.4 FUTURE TRENDS
- 4.4.1 Introduction of innovative technologies for enhanced authentication
- 4.5 IMPACT ANALYSIS OF DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS
- 5. E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET – GLOBAL MARKET ANALYSIS
- 5.1 GLOBAL E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET OVERVIEW
- 5.2 GLOBAL E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET FORECAST AND ANALYSIS
- 6. E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST TO 2025 – TYPE
- 6.1 OVERVIEW
- 6.2 GLOBAL E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN, BY TYPE, 2017 & 2025
- 6.3 CREDIT CARD MARKET
- 6.3.1 Overview
- 6.3.2 Credit Card Market Forecast and Analysis
- 6.4 DEBIT CARD MARKET
- 6.4.1 Overview
- 6.4.2 Debit Card Market Forecast and Analysis
- 6.5 DIGITAL PAYMENT/E-WALLET MARKET
- 6.5.1 Overview
- 6.5.2 Digital Payment/E-Wallet Market Forecast and Analysis
- 6.6 NET BANKING MARKET
- 6.6.1 Overview
- 6.6.2 Net Banking Market Forecast and Analysis
- 6.7 OTHERS MARKET
- 6.7.1 Overview
- 6.7.2 Others Market Forecast and Analysis
- 7. E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST TO 2025 – INDUSTRY
- 7.1 OVERVIEW
- 7.2 GLOBAL E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN, BY INDUSTRY, 2017 & 2025
- 7.3 FASHION MARKET
- 7.3.1 Overview
- 7.3.2 Fashion Market Forecast and Analysis
- 7.4 ELECTRONICS & MEDIA MARKET
- 7.4.1 Overview
- 7.4.2 Electronics & Media Market Forecast and Analysis
- 7.5 FOOD & PERSONAL CARE MARKET
- 7.5.1 Overview
- 7.5.2 Food & Personal Care Market Forecast and Analysis
- 7.6 FURNITURE & APPLIANCES MARKET
- 7.6.1 Overview
- 7.6.2 Furniture & Appliances Market Forecast and Analysis
- 7.7 SERVICE INDUSTRY & OTHERS MARKET
- 7.7.1 Overview
- 7.7.2 Service Industry & Others Market Forecast and Analysis
- 8. E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET – GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
- 8.1 OVERVIEW
- 8.2 NORTH AMERICA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025
- 8.2.1 Overview
- 8.2.2 North America E-Commerce Payment Market Breakdown by Key Countries
- 8.2.2.1 U.S. E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.2.2.2 Canada E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecast to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.2.2.3 Mexico E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.2.3 North America E-Commerce Payment Market Breakdown by Type
- 8.2.4 North America E-Commerce Payment Market Breakdown by Industry
- 8.3 EUROPE E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025
- 8.3.1 Overview
- 8.3.2 Europe E-Commerce Payment Market Breakdown by Key Countries
- 8.3.2.1 France E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.3.2.2 Germany E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecast to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.3.2.3 Italy E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.3.2.4 U.K E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.3.2.5 Spain E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.3.2.6 Rest of Europe E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.3.3 Europe E-Commerce Payment Market Breakdown by Type
- 8.3.4 Europe E-Commerce Payment Market Breakdown by Industry
- 8.4 APAC E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025
- 8.4.1 Overview
- 8.4.2 APAC E-Commerce Payment Market Breakdown by Key Countries
- 8.4.2.1 AUSTRALIA E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.4.2.2 China E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecast to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.4.2.3 India E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.4.2.4 Japan E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.4.2.5 Rest of APAC E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.4.3 APAC E-Commerce Payment Market Breakdown by Type
- 8.4.4 APAC E-commerce payment Market Breakdown by Industry
- 8.5 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA (MEA) E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025
- 8.5.1 Overview
- 8.5.2 MEA E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.5.3 MEA E-commerce payment Market Breakdown by Key Countries
- 8.5.3.1 Saudi Arabia E-commerce payment Market Revenue and Forecast to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.5.3.2 UAE E-commerce payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.5.3.3 South Africa E-commerce payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.5.3.4 Rest of MEA E-commerce payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.5.4 MEA E-commerce payment Market Breakdown by Type
- 8.5.5 MEA E-commerce payment Market Breakdown by Industry
- 8.6 SOUTH AMERICA (SAM) E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025
- 8.6.1 Overview
- 8.6.2 SAM E-Commerce Payment Market Breakdown by Key Countries
- 8.6.2.1 Brazil E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.6.2.2 Rest of SAM E-Commerce Payment Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn)
- 8.6.3 SAM E-commerce payment Market Breakdown by Type
- 8.6.4 SAM E-commerce payment Market Breakdown by Industry
- 9. INDUSTRY LANDSCAPE
- 9.1 OVERVIEW
- 9.2 MARKET INITIATIVE
- 9.3 NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
- 10. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
- 10.1 COMPETITIVE PRODUCT MAPPING
- 10.2 MARKET POSITIONING – GLOBAL TOP 5 PLAYERS RANKING
- 11. COMPANY PROFILES
- 11.1 PAYPAL HOLDINGS, INC.
- 11.1.1 Key Facts
- 11.1.2 Business Description
- 11.1.3 Financial Overview
- 11.1.4 SWOT Analysis
- 11.1.5 Key Developments
- 11.2 AMAZON PAYMENTS, INC.
- 11.2.1 Key Facts
- 11.2.2 Business Description
- 11.2.3 Financial Overview
- 11.2.4 SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.5 Key Developments
- 11.3 CCBILL, LLC
- 11.3.1 Key Facts
- 11.3.2 Business Description
- 11.3.3 Financial Overview
- 11.3.4 SWOT Analysis
- 11.3.5 Key Developments
- 11.4 WEPAY INC.
- 11.4.1 Key Facts
- 11.4.2 Business Description
- 11.4.3 Financial Overview
- 11.4.4 SWOT Analysis
- 11.4.5 Key Developments
- 11.5 ALIPAY
- 11.5.1 Key Facts
- 11.5.2 Business Description
- 11.5.3 Financial Overview
- 11.5.4 SWOT Analysis
- 11.5.5 Key Developments
- 11.6 VISA, INC.
- 11.6.1 Key Facts
- 11.6.2 Business Description
- 11.6.3 Financial Overview
- 11.6.4 SWOT Analysis
- 11.6.5 Key Developments
- 11.7 MASTERCARD INCORPORATED
- 11.7.1 Key Facts
- 11.7.2 Business Description
- 11.7.3 Financial Overview
- 11.7.4 SWOT Analysis
- 11.7.5 Key Developments
- 11.8 STRIPE INC.
- 11.8.1 Key Facts
- 11.8.2 Business Description
- 11.8.3 Financial Overview
- 11.8.4 SWOT Analysis
- 11.8.5 Key Developments
- 11.9 AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY
- 11.9.1 Key Facts
- 11.9.2 Business Description
- 11.9.3 Financial Overview
- 11.9.4 SWOT Analysis
- 11.9.5 Key Developments
- 11.10 UNIONPAY INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD.
- 11.10.1 Key Facts
- 11.10.2 Business Description
- 11.10.3 Financial Overview
- 11.10.4 SWOT Analysis
- 11.10.5 Key Developments
- 12. APPENDIX
- 12.1 ABOUT THE INSIGHT PARTNERS
- 12.2 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
- 12.3 METHODOLOGY
- 12.3.1 Coverage
- 12.3.2 Secondary Research
- 12.3.3 Primary Research
- LIST OF TABLES
- TABLE 1. NORTH AMERICA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 – BY TYPE (US$ MN)
- TABLE 2. NORTH AMERICA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 – BY INDUSTRY (US$ MN)
- TABLE 3. EUROPE E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 – BY TYPE (US$ MN)
- TABLE 4. EUROPE E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 – BY INDUSTRY (US$ MN)
- TABLE 5. APAC E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 – BY TYPE (US$ MN)
- TABLE 6. APAC E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 – BY INDUSTRY (US$ MN)
- TABLE 7. MEA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 – BY TYPE (US$ MN)
- TABLE 8. MEA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 – BY INDUSTRY (US$ MN)
- TABLE 9. SAM E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 – BY TYPE (US$ MN)
- TABLE 10. SAM E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 – BY INDUSTRY (US$ MN)
- TABLE 11. GLOSSARY OF TERM: E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET
- LIST OF FIGURES
- FIGURE 1. APAC MARKET, TOTAL REVENUE (US$ MN), 2017 & 2025
- FIGURE 2. MEA MARKET, TOTAL REVENUE (US$ MN), 2017 & 2025
- FIGURE 3. DIGITAL PAYMENT/E-WALLET MARKET, TOTAL REVENUE (US$ MN), 2017 & 2025
- FIGURE 4. E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET SEGMENTATION
- FIGURE 5. E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET SEGMENTATION - BY GEOGRAPHY
- FIGURE 6. NORTH AMERICA – PEST ANALYSIS
- FIGURE 7. EUROPE – PEST ANALYSIS
- FIGURE 8. ASIA PACIFIC – PEST ANALYSIS
- FIGURE 9. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA – PEST ANALYSIS
- FIGURE 10. SOUTH AMERICA – PEST ANALYSIS
- FIGURE 11. CASH ON DELIVERY PAYMENT MODE, BY COUNTRIES, 2016
- FIGURE 12. OVERALL FRAUD LOSS BY ORDER CHANNEL, 2017
- FIGURE 13. E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET IMPACT ANALYSIS OF DRIVER AND RESTRAINTS
- FIGURE 14. GLOBAL E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET
- FIGURE 15. GLOBAL E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET FORECAST AND ANALYSIS
- FIGURE 16. GLOBAL E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN, BY TYPE, 2017 & 2025 (%)
- FIGURE 17. GLOBAL CREDIT CARD MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 18. GLOBAL DEBIT CARD MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 19. GLOBAL DIGITAL PAYMENT/E-WALLET MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 20. GLOBAL NET BANKING MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 21. GLOBAL OTHERS MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 22. GLOBAL E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN, BY INDUSTRY, 2017 & 2025 (%)
- FIGURE 23. GLOBAL FASHION MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 24. GLOBAL ELECTRONICS & MEDIA MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 25. GLOBAL FOOD & PERSONAL CARE MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 26. GLOBAL FURNITURE & APPLIANCES MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 27. GLOBAL SERVICE INDUSTRY & OTHERS MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 28. E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET, GLOBAL BREAKDOWN BY REGIONS, 2017 & 2025 (%)
- FIGURE 29. NORTH AMERICA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 30. NORTH AMERICA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY KEY COUNTRIES, 2017 & 2025(%)
- FIGURE 31. U.S. E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 32. CANADA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 33. MEXICO E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 34. NORTH AMERICA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY TYPE, 2017 & 2025 (%)
- FIGURE 35. NORTH AMERICA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY INDUSTRY, 2017 & 2025 (%)
- FIGURE 36. EUROPE E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 37. EUROPE E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY KEY COUNTRIES, 2017 & 2025(%)
- FIGURE 38. FRANCE E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 39. GERMANY E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 40. ITALY E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 41. U.K E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 42. SPAIN E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 43. REST OF EUROPE E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 44. EUROPE E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY TYPE, 2017 & 2025 (%)
- FIGURE 45. EUROPE E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY INDUSTRY, 2017 & 2025 (%)
- FIGURE 46. APAC E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 47. APAC E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY KEY COUNTRIES, 2017 & 2025(%)
- FIGURE 48. AUSTRALIA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 49. CHINA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 50. INDIA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 51. JAPAN E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 52. REST OF APAC E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 53. APAC E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY TYPE, 2017 & 2025 (%)
- FIGURE 54. APAC E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY INDUSTRY, 2017 & 2025 (%)
- FIGURE 55. MEA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY KEY COUNTRIES, 2017 & 2025(%)
- FIGURE 56. SAUDI ARABIA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 57. UAE E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 58. SOUTH AFRICA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 59. REST OF MEA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 60. MEA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY TYPE, 2017 & 2025 (%)
- FIGURE 61. MEA E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY INDUSTRY, 2017 & 2025 (%)
- FIGURE 62. SAM E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 63. SAM E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY KEY COUNTRIES, 2017 & 2025(%)
- FIGURE 64. BRAZIL E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 65. REST OF SAM E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET REVENUE AND FORECASTS TO 2025 (US$ MN)
- FIGURE 66. SAM E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY TYPE, 2017 & 2025 (%)
- FIGURE 67. SAM E-COMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET BREAKDOWN BY INDUSTRY, 2017 & 2025 (%)
- FIGURE 68. ECOMMERCE PAYMENT MARKET, INDUSTRY LANDSCAPE (2015-2018) %