Point-of-Sale Software Market
Description
Size, Share, & Trend Analysis By Application (Fixed POS, Mobile POS), By Deployment (Cloud, On-premise), By Enterprise Size (Small & Medium Enterprises, Large Enterprise), By End User, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2026 - 2033
Point-of-Sale Software Market Summary
The global point-of-sale software market size was estimated at USD 17.13 billion in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 38.82 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 10.8% from 2026 to 2033, due to rapid digital transformation across retail, hospitality, and service-based businesses. Organizations are modernizing their front-end transaction infrastructure to improve operational visibility, reduce checkout friction, and integrate core business functions such as inventory, payments, CRM, and reporting into a unified platform.
The adoption of cloud-based point-of-sale (POS) platforms is a major driver of growth within the point-of-sale software industry. Cloud POS lowers upfront investment, simplifies multi-store deployment, enables centralized management, and ensures continuous feature updates and security patches. These characteristics are appealing to franchise networks and fast-scaling retail chains that require standardization across locations without the burden of complex on-premise maintenance.
The evolution of consumer payment behavior is also a significant driver. Growing use of contactless payments, mobile wallets, QR-based payments, and integrated payment gateways requires merchants to implement modern POS software capable of handling multi-method transactions, real-time reconciliation, and embedded financial services. According to the European Central Bank, Non-cash payments across the euro area reached 72.1 billion in the first half of 2024, reflecting a 7.4 percent year-on-year increase, with the total transaction value rising 1.9 percent to approximately USD 125 billion (EUR 113.5 trillion). Within this, contactless card transactions expanded more rapidly, growing 13.2 percent to 25.8 billion payments, while their aggregate value increased 13.1 percent to roughly USD 770 billion. This transition is pushing even smaller merchants to upgrade their POS environments.
The rise of omnichannel commerce is significantly influencing POS software demand. Retailers need unified systems that connect physical stores and online channels, offering capabilities such as buy-online-pick-up-in-store, unified returns, centralized inventory visibility, and synchronized promotions. POS software that supports deep integration with e-commerce platforms, order management systems, and customer engagement tools is seeing accelerated uptake.
Global Point-of-Sale Software Market Report Segmentation
This report forecasts revenue growth at the global, regional, and country levels and provides an analysis of the latest industry trends in each of the sub-segments from 2021 to 2033. For this study, Grand View Research has segmented the point-of-sale software market report based on application, deployment, enterprise size, end user, and region.
Point-of-Sale Software Market Summary
The global point-of-sale software market size was estimated at USD 17.13 billion in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 38.82 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 10.8% from 2026 to 2033, due to rapid digital transformation across retail, hospitality, and service-based businesses. Organizations are modernizing their front-end transaction infrastructure to improve operational visibility, reduce checkout friction, and integrate core business functions such as inventory, payments, CRM, and reporting into a unified platform.
The adoption of cloud-based point-of-sale (POS) platforms is a major driver of growth within the point-of-sale software industry. Cloud POS lowers upfront investment, simplifies multi-store deployment, enables centralized management, and ensures continuous feature updates and security patches. These characteristics are appealing to franchise networks and fast-scaling retail chains that require standardization across locations without the burden of complex on-premise maintenance.
The evolution of consumer payment behavior is also a significant driver. Growing use of contactless payments, mobile wallets, QR-based payments, and integrated payment gateways requires merchants to implement modern POS software capable of handling multi-method transactions, real-time reconciliation, and embedded financial services. According to the European Central Bank, Non-cash payments across the euro area reached 72.1 billion in the first half of 2024, reflecting a 7.4 percent year-on-year increase, with the total transaction value rising 1.9 percent to approximately USD 125 billion (EUR 113.5 trillion). Within this, contactless card transactions expanded more rapidly, growing 13.2 percent to 25.8 billion payments, while their aggregate value increased 13.1 percent to roughly USD 770 billion. This transition is pushing even smaller merchants to upgrade their POS environments.
The rise of omnichannel commerce is significantly influencing POS software demand. Retailers need unified systems that connect physical stores and online channels, offering capabilities such as buy-online-pick-up-in-store, unified returns, centralized inventory visibility, and synchronized promotions. POS software that supports deep integration with e-commerce platforms, order management systems, and customer engagement tools is seeing accelerated uptake.
Global Point-of-Sale Software Market Report Segmentation
This report forecasts revenue growth at the global, regional, and country levels and provides an analysis of the latest industry trends in each of the sub-segments from 2021 to 2033. For this study, Grand View Research has segmented the point-of-sale software market report based on application, deployment, enterprise size, end user, and region.
- Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion, 2021 - 2033)
- Fixed POS
- Mobile POS
- Deployment Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion, 2021 - 2033)
- Cloud
- On-premise
- Enterprise Size Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion, 2021 - 2033)
- Small & Medium Enterprises
- Large Enterprise
- End User Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion, 2021 - 2033)
- Restaurants
- Hospitality
- Healthcare
- Retail
- Warehouse
- Entertainment
- Others
- Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion, 2021 - 2033)
- North America
- U.S.
- Canada
- Mexico
- Europe
- UK
- Germany
- France
- Asia Pacific
- China
- India
- Japan
- South Korea
- Australia
- Latin America
- Brazil
- Middle East & Africa
- UAE
- Saudi Arabia
- South Africa
Table of Contents
120 Pages
- Chapter 1. Methodology and Scope
- 1.1. Methodology segmentation & scope
- 1.2. Market Definitions
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.3.1. Information Procurement
- 1.3.2. Information or Data Analysis
- 1.3.3. Market Formulation & Data Visualization
- 1.3.4. Data Validation & Publishing
- 1.4. Research Scope and Assumptions
- 1.4.1. List of Data Sources
- Chapter 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Market Outlook
- 2.2. Segment Outlook
- 2.3. Competitive Insights
- Chapter 3. Point-of-Sale Software Variables, Trends & Scope
- 3.1. Market Introduction/Lineage Outlook
- 3.2. Industry Value Chain Analysis
- 3.3. Market Dynamics
- 3.3.1. Market Drivers Analysis
- 3.3.2. Market Restraints Analysis
- 3.3.3. Industry Opportunities
- 3.4. Point-of-Sale Software Analysis Tools
- 3.4.1. Porter’s Analysis
- 3.4.1.1. Bargaining power of the suppliers
- 3.4.1.2. Bargaining power of the buyers
- 3.4.1.3. Threats of substitution
- 3.4.1.4. Threats from new entrants
- 3.4.2. PESTEL Analysis
- 3.4.2.1. Political landscape
- 3.4.2.2. Economic and Social landscape
- 3.4.2.3. Technological landscape
- 3.4.2.4. Environmental landscape
- 3.4.2.5. Legal landscape
- Chapter 4. Point-of-Sale Software Market: Application Estimates & Trend Analysis
- 4.1. Segment Dashboard
- 4.2. Point-of-Sale Software: Application Movement Analysis, 2025 & 2033 (USD Billion)
- 4.3. Fixed POS
- 4.3.1. Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 4.4. Mobile POS
- 4.4.1. Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- Chapter 5. Point-of-Sale Software Market: Deployment Estimates & Trend Analysis
- 5.1. Segment Dashboard
- 5.2. Point-of-Sale Software: Deployment Movement Analysis, 2025 & 2033 (USD Billion)
- 5.3. Cloud
- 5.3.1. Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 5.4. On-premise
- 5.4.1. Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- Chapter 6. Point-of-Sale Software Market: Enterprise Size Estimates & Trend Analysis
- 6.1. Segment Dashboard
- 6.2. Point-of-Sale Software: Enterprise Size Movement Analysis, 2025 & 2033 (USD Billion)
- 6.3. Small & Medium Enterprises
- 6.3.1. Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 6.4. Large Enterprise
- 6.4.1. Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- Chapter 7. Point-of-Sale Software Market: End User Estimates & Trend Analysis
- 7.1. Segment Dashboard
- 7.2. Point-of-Sale Software: End User Movement Analysis, 2025 & 2033 (USD Billion)
- 7.3. Restaurants
- 7.3.1. Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 7.4. Hospitality
- 7.4.1. Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 7.5. Healthcare
- 7.5.1. Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 7.6. Retail
- 7.6.1. Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 7.7. Warehouse
- 7.7.1. Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 7.8. Entertainment
- 7.8.1. Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 7.9. Others
- 7.9.1. Market Size Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- Chapter 8. Point-of-Sale Software Market: Regional Estimates & Trend Analysis
- 8.1. Point-of-Sale Software Share, By Region, 2025 & 2033, USD Billion
- 8.2. North America
- 8.2.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.2.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.6. U.S.
- 8.2.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.2.6.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.6.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.6.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.6.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.7. Canada
- 8.2.7.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.2.7.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.7.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.7.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.7.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.8. Mexico
- 8.2.8.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.2.8.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.8.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.8.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.2.8.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3. Europe
- 8.3.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.3.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.6. UK
- 8.3.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.3.6.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.6.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.6.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.6.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.7. Germany
- 8.3.7.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.3.7.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.7.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.7.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.7.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.8. France
- 8.3.8.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.3.8.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.8.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.8.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.3.8.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4. Asia Pacific
- 8.4.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.6. China
- 8.4.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.6.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.6.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.6.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.6.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.7. India
- 8.4.7.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.7.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.7.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.7.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.7.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.8. Japan
- 8.4.8.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.8.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.8.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.8.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.8.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.9. Australia
- 8.4.9.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.9.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.9.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.9.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.9.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.10. South Korea
- 8.4.10.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.4.10.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.10.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.10.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.4.10.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.5. Latin America
- 8.5.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.5.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.5.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.5.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.5.6. Brazil
- 8.5.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.5.6.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.5.6.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.5.6.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.5.6.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6. Middle East & Africa
- 8.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.6. Saudi Arabia
- 8.6.6.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.6.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.6.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.6.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.6.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.7. UAE
- 8.6.7.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.7.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.7.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.7.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.7.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.8. South Africa
- 8.6.8.1. Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
- 8.6.8.2. Market estimates and forecast by application, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.8.3. Market estimates and forecast by deployment, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.8.4. Market estimates and forecast by enterprise size, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- 8.6.8.5. Market estimates and forecast by End User, 2021 - 2033 (Revenue, USD Billion)
- Chapter 9. Competitive Landscape
- 9.1. Recent Developments & Impact Analysis by Key Market Participants
- 9.2. Company Categorization
- 9.3. Company Market Share Analysis
- 9.4. Company Heat Map Analysis
- 9.5. Strategy Mapping
- 9.5.1. Expansion
- 9.5.2. Mergers & Acquisition
- 9.5.3. Partnerships & Collaborations
- 9.5.4. New Product Launches
- 9.5.5. Research And Development
- 9.6. Company Profiles
- 9.6.1. Clover Network, Inc.
- 9.6.1.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.1.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.1.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.1.4. Recent Developments
- 9.6.2. Epos Now
- 9.6.2.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.2.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.2.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.2.4. Recent Developments
- 9.6.3. H&L POS
- 9.6.3.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.3.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.3.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.3.4. Recent Developments
- 9.6.4. Idealpos
- 9.6.4.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.4.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.4.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.4.4. Recent Developments
- 9.6.5. Ingenico
- 9.6.5.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.5.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.5.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.5.4. Recent Developments
- 9.6.6. KORONA POS
- 9.6.6.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.6.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.6.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.6.4. Recent Developments
- 9.6.7. Lightspeed
- 9.6.7.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.7.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.7.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.7.4. Recent Developments
- 9.6.8. NCR Corp.
- 9.6.8.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.8.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.8.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.8.4. Recent Developments
- 9.6.9. Oracle
- 9.6.9.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.9.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.9.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.9.4. Recent Developments
- 9.6.10. Revel Systems
- 9.6.10.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.10.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.10.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.10.4. Recent Developments
- 9.6.11. Square Inc.
- 9.6.11.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.11.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.11.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.11.4. Recent Developments
- 9.6.12. SwiftPOS
- 9.6.12.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.12.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.12.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.12.4. Recent Developments
- 9.6.13. Toast, Inc.
- 9.6.13.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.13.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.13.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.13.4. Recent Developments
- 9.6.14. TouchBistro Toast Inc.
- 9.6.14.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.14.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.14.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.14.4. Recent Developments
- 9.6.15. Zoho POS
- 9.6.15.1. Participant’s Overview
- 9.6.15.2. Financial Performance
- 9.6.15.3. Product Benchmarking
- 9.6.15.4. Recent Developments
Pricing
Currency Rates
Questions or Comments?
Our team has the ability to search within reports to verify it suits your needs. We can also help maximize your budget by finding sections of reports you can purchase.

