Global Sputter Targets Competitive Landscape Professional Research Report 2025
Description
Global Sputter Targets Competitive Landscape Professional Research Report 2025
Research Summary
Sputter targets, also known simply as targets, are materials used in the sputtering process to deposit thin films onto various substrates. These targets are typically made from high-purity metals, alloys, oxides, nitrides, or other materials depending on the desired properties of the thin film being deposited. During sputtering, the target material is bombarded with high-energy ions, typically from a plasma generated by a noble gas like argon. This bombardment dislodges atoms or molecules from the target surface, which then travel in a straight line and condense onto a substrate placed in close proximity. The deposition forms a thin film with controlled thickness and uniformity, crucial for applications in industries such as semiconductor manufacturing, optical coatings, magnetic storage media, and decorative films. Sputter targets are engineered to withstand repeated sputtering cycles without degradation, ensuring consistent performance in thin film deposition processes critical for advanced technology applications.
According to DIResearch's in-depth investigation and research, the global Sputter Targets market size was valued at XX Million USD in 2024 and is projected to reach XX Million USD by 2032, with a CAGR of XX% (2025-2032). Notably, the China market has changed rapidly in the past few years. By 2024, China's market size is expected to be XX Million USD, representing approximately XX% of the global market share. By 2032, it is anticipated to grow further to XX Million USD, contributing XX% to the worldwide market share.
The major global manufacturers of Sputter Targets include Materion (Heraeus), Linde, JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation, Mitsui Mining & Smelting, Plansee SE, Hitachi Metals, Honeywell, Sumitomo Chemical, Konfoong Materials International Co., Ltd, TOSOH, ULVAC, Luvata, GRIKIN Advanced Material Co., Ltd., LT Metal, TANAKA, Longhua Technology Group (Luoyang) Co., Ltd., Fujian Acetron New Materials Co., Ltd, FURAYA Metals Co., Ltd, Umicore Thin Film Products, Advantec, Changzhou Sujing Electronic Material, Angstrom Sciences etc. The global players competition landscape in this report is divided into three tiers. The first tier comprises global leading enterprises that command a substantial market share, hold a dominant industry position, possess strong competitiveness and influence, and generate significant revenue. The second tier includes companies with a notable market presence and reputation; these firms actively follow industry leaders in product, service, or technological innovation and maintain a moderate revenue scale. The third tier consists of smaller companies with limited market share and lower brand recognition, primarily focused on local markets and generating comparatively lower revenue.
This report studies the market size, price trends and future development prospects of Sputter Targets. Focus on analysing the market share, product portfolio, prices, sales, revenue and gross profit margin of global major manufacturers, as well as the market status and trends of different product types and applications in the global Sputter Targets market. The report data covers historical data from 2020 to 2024, based year in 2025 and forecast data from 2026 to 2032.
The regions and countries in the report include North America, Europe, China, APAC (excl. China), Latin America and Middle East and Africa, covering the Sputter Targets market conditions and future development trends of key regions and countries, combined with industry-related policies and the latest technological developments, analyze the development characteristics of Sputter Targets industries in various regions and countries, help companies understand the development characteristics of each region, help companies formulate business strategies, and achieve the ultimate goal of the company's global development strategy.
The data sources of this report mainly include the National Bureau of Statistics, customs databases, industry associations, corporate financial reports, third-party databases, etc. Among them, macroeconomic data mainly comes from the National Bureau of Statistics, International Economic Research Organization; industry statistical data mainly come from industry associations; company data mainly comes from interviews, public information collection, third-party reliable databases, and price data mainly comes from various markets monitoring database.
Global Key Manufacturers of Sputter Targets Include:
Materion (Heraeus)
Linde
JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation
Mitsui Mining & Smelting
Plansee SE
Hitachi Metals
Honeywell
Sumitomo Chemical
Konfoong Materials International Co., Ltd
TOSOH
ULVAC
Luvata
GRIKIN Advanced Material Co., Ltd.
LT Metal
TANAKA
Longhua Technology Group (Luoyang) Co., Ltd.
Fujian Acetron New Materials Co., Ltd
FURAYA Metals Co., Ltd
Umicore Thin Film Products
Advantec
Changzhou Sujing Electronic Material
Angstrom Sciences
Sputter Targets Product Segment Include:
Metal Target
Alloy Target
Ceramic Compound Target
Sputter Targets Product Application Include:
Semiconductor
Solar Energy
Flat Panel Display
HDD
Others
Chapter Scope
Chapter 1: Product Research Range, Product Types and Applications, Market Overview, Market Situation and Trends
Chapter 2: Global Sputter Targets Capacity and Production Analysis
Chapter 3: Global Sputter Targets Industry PESTEL Analysis
Chapter 4: Global Sputter Targets Industry Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Chapter 5: Global Sputter Targets Major Regional Market Size (Revenue, Sales, Price) and Forecast Analysis
Chapter 6: Global Sputter Targets Market Size and Forecast by Type and Application Analysis
Chapter 7: North America Sputter Targets Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)
Chapter 8: Europe Sputter Targets Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)
Chapter 9: China Sputter Targets Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)
Chapter 10: APAC (Excl. China) Sputter Targets Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)
Chapter 11: Latin America Sputter Targets Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)
Chapter 12: Middle East and Africa Sputter Targets Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)
Chapter 13: Global Sputter Targets Competitive Analysis of Key Manufacturers (Sales, Revenue, Market Share, Price, Regional Distribution and Industry Concentration)
Chapter 14: Key Company Profiles (Product Portfolio, Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin)
Chapter 15: Industrial Chain Analysis, Include Raw Material Suppliers, Distributors and Customers
Chapter 16: Research Findings and Conclusion
Chapter 17: Methodology and Data Sources
Table of Contents
170 Pages
- 1 Sputter Targets Market Overview
- 1.1 Product Definition and Statistical Scope
- 1.2 Sputter Targets Product by Type
- 1.2.1 Metal Target
- 1.2.2 Alloy Target
- 1.2.3 Ceramic Compound Target
- 1.3 Sputter Targets Product by Application
- 1.3.1 Semiconductor
- 1.3.2 Solar Energy
- 1.3.3 Flat Panel Display
- 1.3.4 HDD
- 1.3.5 Others
- 1.4 Global Sputter Targets Market Revenue and Sales Analysis
- 1.4.1 Global Sputter Targets Revenue Market Size Analysis (2020-2032)
- 1.4.2 Global Sputter Targets Sales Market Size Analysis (2020-2032)
- 1.4.3 Global Sputter Targets Market Sales Price Trend Analysis (2020-2032)
- 1.5 Sputter Targets Industry Trends and Innovation
- 1.5.1 Sputter Targets Industry Trends and Innovation
- 1.5.2 Sputter Targets Market Drivers and Challenges
- 2 Global Sputter Targets Capacity and Production Analysis
- 2.1 Global Sputter Targets Capacity, Production and Utilization (2020-2032)
- 2.2 Global Sputter Targets Production Growth Trend by Region: 2024 VS 2025 VS 2030
- 2.3 Global Sputter Targets Production by Region
- 2.3.1 Global Sputter Targets Production by Region (2020-2025)
- 2.3.2 Global Sputter Targets Production Forecast by Region (2026-2032)
- 2.3.3 Global Sputter Targets Production Market Share by Region (2020-2032)
- 3 Sputter Targets Market PESTEL Analysis
- 3.1 Political Factors Analysis
- 3.2 Economic Factors Analysis
- 3.3 Social Factors Analysis
- 3.4 Technological Factors Analysis
- 3.5 Environmental Factors Analysis
- 3.6 Legal Factors Analysis
- 4 Sputter Targets Market Porter's Five Forces Analysis
- 4.1 Competitive Rivalry
- 4.2 Threat of New Entrants
- 4.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- 4.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers
- 4.5 Threat of Substitutes
- 5 Global Sputter Targets Market Analysis by Regions
- 5.1 Sputter Targets Overall Market: 2024 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 5.2 Global Sputter Targets Revenue and Forecast Analysis (2020-2032)
- 5.2.1 Global Sputter Targets Revenue and Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
- 5.2.2 Global Sputter Targets Revenue and Market Forecast by Region (2026-2032)
- 5.3 Global Sputter Targets Sales and Forecast Analysis (2020-2032)
- 5.3.1 Global Sputter Targets Sales and Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
- 5.3.2 Global Sputter Targets Sales and Market Forecast by Region (2026-2032)
- 5.4 Global Sputter Targets Sales Price Trend Analysis (2020-2032)
- 6 Global Sputter Targets Market Size by Type and Application
- 6.1 Global Sputter Targets Market Size by Type
- 6.1.1 Global Sputter Targets Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Type (2020-2032)
- 6.1.2 Global Sputter Targets Sales and Forecast Analysis by Type (2020-2032)
- 6.2 Global Sputter Targets Market Size by Application
- 6.2.1 Global Sputter Targets Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Application (2020-2032)
- 6.2.2 Global Sputter Targets Sales and Forecast Analysis by Application (2020-2032)
- 7 North America
- 7.1 North America Sputter Targets Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032)
- 7.2 North America Key Manufacturers Analysis
- 7.3 North America Sputter Targets Market Size by Type
- 7.3.1 North America Sputter Targets Sales by Type (2020-2032)
- 7.3.2 North America Sputter Targets Revenue by Type (2020-2032)
- 7.4 North America Sputter Targets Market Size by Application
- 7.4.1 North America Sputter Targets Sales by Application (2020-2032)
- 7.4.2 North America Sputter Targets Revenue by Application (2020-2032)
- 7.5 North America Sputter Targets Market Size by Country
- 7.5.1 US
- 7.5.2 Canada
- 8 Europe
- 8.1 Europe Sputter Targets Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032)
- 8.2 Europe Key Manufacturers Analysis
- 8.3 Europe Sputter Targets Market Size by Type
- 8.3.1 Europe Sputter Targets Sales by Type (2020-2032)
- 8.3.2 Europe Sputter Targets Revenue by Type (2020-2032)
- 8.4 Europe Sputter Targets Market Size by Application
- 8.4.1 Europe Sputter Targets Sales by Application (2020-2032)
- 8.4.2 Europe Sputter Targets Revenue by Application (2020-2032)
- 8.5 Europe Sputter Targets Market Size by Country
- 8.5.1 Germany
- 8.5.2 France
- 8.5.3 United Kingdom
- 8.5.4 Italy
- 8.5.5 Spain
- 8.5.6 Benelux
- 9 China
- 9.1 China Sputter Targets Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032)
- 9.2 China Key Manufacturers Analysis
- 9.3 China Sputter Targets Market Size by Type
- 9.3.1 China Sputter Targets Sales by Type (2020-2032)
- 9.3.2 China Sputter Targets Revenue by Type (2020-2032)
- 9.4 China Sputter Targets Market Size by Application
- 9.4.1 China Sputter Targets Sales by Application (2020-2032)
- 9.4.2 China Sputter Targets Revenue by Application (2020-2032)
- 10 APAC (excl. China)
- 10.1 APAC (excl. China) Sputter Targets Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032)
- 10.2 APAC (excl. China) Key Manufacturers Analysis
- 10.3 APAC (excl. China) Sputter Targets Market Size by Type
- 10.3.1 APAC (excl. China) Sputter Targets Sales by Type (2020-2032)
- 10.3.2 APAC (excl. China) Sputter Targets Revenue by Type (2020-2032)
- 10.4 APAC (excl. China) Sputter Targets Market Size by Application
- 10.4.1 APAC (excl. China) Sputter Targets Sales by Application (2020-2032)
- 10.4.2 APAC (excl. China) Sputter Targets Revenue by Application (2020-2032)
- 10.5 APAC (excl. China) Sputter Targets Market Size by Country
- 10.5.1 Japan
- 10.5.2 South Korea
- 10.5.3 India
- 10.5.4 Australia
- 10.5.5 Southeast Asia
- 11 Latin America
- 11.1 Latin America Sputter Targets Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032)
- 11.2 Latin America Key Manufacturers Analysis
- 1`.3 Latin America Sputter Targets Market Size by Type
- 11.3.1 Latin America Sputter Targets Sales by Type (2020-2032)
- 11.3.2 Latin America Sputter Targets Revenue by Type (2020-2032)
- 11.4 Latin America Sputter Targets Market Size by Application
- 11.4.1 Latin America Sputter Targets Sales by Application (2020-2032)
- 11.4.2 Latin America Sputter Targets Revenue by Application (2020-2032)
- 11.5 Latin America Sputter Targets Market Size by Country
- 11.6 Latin America Sputter Targets Market Size by Country
- 11.6.1 Mexico
- 11.6.2 Brazil
- 12 Middle East & Africa
- 12.1 Middle East & Africa Sputter Targets Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2020-2032)
- 12.2 Middle East & Africa Key Manufacturers Analysis
- 12.3 Middle East & Africa Sputter Targets Market Size by Type
- 12.3.1 Middle East & Africa Sputter Targets Sales by Type (2020-2032)
- 12.3.2 Middle East & Africa Sputter Targets Revenue by Type (2020-2032)
- 12.4 Middle East & Africa Sputter Targets Market Size by Application
- 12.4.1 Middle East & Africa Sputter Targets Sales by Application (2020-2032)
- 12.4.2 Middle East & Africa Sputter Targets Revenue by Application (2020-2032)
- 12.5 Middle East Sputter Targets Market Size by Country
- 12.5.1 Saudi Arabia
- 12.5.2 South Africa
- 13 Competition by Manufacturers
- 13.1 Global Sputter Targets Market Sales, Revenue and Price by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025)
- 13.1.1 Global Sputter Targets Market Sales by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025)
- 13.1.2 Global Sputter Targets Market Revenue by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025)
- 13.1.3 Global Sputter Targets Average Sales Price by Manufacturers (2021-2025)
- 13.2 Sputter Targets Competitive Landscape Analysis and Market Dynamic
- 13.2.1 Sputter Targets Competitive Landscape Analysis
- 13.2.2 Global Key Manufacturers Headquarter Location and Key Area Sales
- 13.2.3 Market Dynamic
- 14 Key Companies Analysis
- 14.1 Materion (Heraeus)
- 14.1.1 Materion (Heraeus) Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.1.2 Materion (Heraeus) Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.1.3 Materion (Heraeus) Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.2 Linde
- 14.2.1 Linde Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.2.2 Linde Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.2.3 Linde Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.3 JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation
- 14.3.1 JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.3.2 JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.3.3 JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.4 Mitsui Mining & Smelting
- 14.4.1 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.4.2 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.4.3 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.5 Plansee SE
- 14.5.1 Plansee SE Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.5.2 Plansee SE Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.5.3 Plansee SE Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.6 Hitachi Metals
- 14.6.1 Hitachi Metals Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.6.2 Hitachi Metals Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.6.3 Hitachi Metals Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.7 Honeywell
- 14.7.1 Honeywell Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.7.2 Honeywell Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.7.3 Honeywell Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.8 Sumitomo Chemical
- 14.8.1 Sumitomo Chemical Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.8.2 Sumitomo Chemical Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.8.3 Sumitomo Chemical Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.9 Konfoong Materials International Co., Ltd
- 14.9.1 Konfoong Materials International Co., Ltd Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.9.2 Konfoong Materials International Co., Ltd Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.9.3 Konfoong Materials International Co., Ltd Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.10 TOSOH
- 14.10.1 TOSOH Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.10.2 TOSOH Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.10.3 TOSOH Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.11 ULVAC
- 14.11.1 ULVAC Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.11.2 ULVAC Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.11.3 ULVAC Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.12 Luvata
- 14.12.1 Luvata Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.12.2 Luvata Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.12.3 Luvata Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.13 GRIKIN Advanced Material Co., Ltd.
- 14.13.1 GRIKIN Advanced Material Co., Ltd. Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.13.2 GRIKIN Advanced Material Co., Ltd. Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.13.3 GRIKIN Advanced Material Co., Ltd. Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.14 LT Metal
- 14.14.1 LT Metal Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.14.2 LT Metal Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.14.3 LT Metal Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.15 TANAKA
- 14.15.1 TANAKA Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.15.2 TANAKA Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.15.3 TANAKA Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.16 Longhua Technology Group (Luoyang) Co., Ltd.
- 14.16.1 Longhua Technology Group (Luoyang) Co., Ltd. Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.16.2 Longhua Technology Group (Luoyang) Co., Ltd. Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.16.3 Longhua Technology Group (Luoyang) Co., Ltd. Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.17 Fujian Acetron New Materials Co., Ltd
- 14.17.1 Fujian Acetron New Materials Co., Ltd Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.17.2 Fujian Acetron New Materials Co., Ltd Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.17.3 Fujian Acetron New Materials Co., Ltd Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.18 FURAYA Metals Co., Ltd
- 14.18.1 FURAYA Metals Co., Ltd Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.18.2 FURAYA Metals Co., Ltd Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.18.3 FURAYA Metals Co., Ltd Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.19 Umicore Thin Film Products
- 14.19.1 Umicore Thin Film Products Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.19.2 Umicore Thin Film Products Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.19.3 Umicore Thin Film Products Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.20 Advantec
- 14.20.1 Advantec Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.20.2 Advantec Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.20.3 Advantec Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.21 Changzhou Sujing Electronic Material
- 14.21.1 Changzhou Sujing Electronic Material Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.21.2 Changzhou Sujing Electronic Material Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.21.3 Changzhou Sujing Electronic Material Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 14.22 Angstrom Sciences
- 14.22.1 Angstrom Sciences Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.22.2 Angstrom Sciences Sputter Targets Product Portfolio
- 14.22.3 Angstrom Sciences Sputter Targets Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2021-2025)
- 15 Industry Chain Analysis
- 15.1 Sputter Targets Industry Chain Analysis
- 15.2 Sputter Targets Industry Raw Material and Suppliers Analysis
- 15.2.1 Sputter Targets Key Raw Material Supply Analysis
- 15.2.2 Raw Material Suppliers and Contact Information
- 15.3 Sputter Targets Typical Downstream Customers
- 15.4 Sputter Targets Sales Channel Analysis
- 16 Research Findings and Conclusion
- 17 Methodology and Data Source
- 17.1 Methodology/Research Approach
- 17.2 Research Scope
- 17.3 Benchmarks and Assumptions
- 17.4 Date Source
- 17.4.1 Primary Sources
- 17.4.2 Secondary Sources
- 17.5 Data Cross Validation
- 17.6 Disclaimer
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