
Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Competitive Landscape Professional Research Report 2024
Description
Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Competitive Landscape Professional Research Report 2024
Research Summary
FC-BGA (Flip Chip Ball Grid Array) with ABF (Ajinomoto Build-up Film) substrate is an advanced packaging technology used in the semiconductor industry for electronic components and integrated circuits (ICs). It involves the combination of a Flip Chip interconnection technique with an ABF substrate. The FC-BGA package utilizes solder balls to directly connect the microelectronic die to the ABF substrate, eliminating the need for wire bonding. The ABF substrate, made of multiple layers of polyimide film with copper interconnects, provides electrical and mechanical support to the interconnects. This combination offers advantages such as high-density interconnections, improved electrical performance, reduced signal loss, and enhanced thermal dissipation. FC-BGA with ABF substrates is commonly used in applications that require high-speed signal transmission, compact size, and efficient thermal management, such as in advanced computing, mobile devices, networking equipment, and automotive electronics. It enables the production of smaller, faster, and more reliable electronic systems.
According to DIResearch's in-depth investigation and research, the global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate market size will reach XX US$ Million in 2024, and is expected to reach XX US$ Million in 2030, with a CAGR of XX% (2025-2030). Among them, the China market has changed rapidly in the past few years. The market size in 2024 will be XX US$ Million, accounting for approximately XX% of the world. It is expected to reach XX US$ Million in 2030, and the global share will reach XX%.
The major global manufacturers of FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate include Unimicron, Ibiden, Nan Ya PCB, Shinko Electric Industries, Kinsus Interconnect, AT&S, Semco, Kyocera, TOPPAN, Zhen Ding Technology, Daeduck Electronics, ASE Material, ACCESS, NCAP China, LG InnoTek, Shennan Circuit, Shenzhen Fastprint Circuit Tech etc. The global players competition landscape in this report is divided into three tiers. The first tiers is the global leading enterprise, which occupies a major market share, is in a leading position in the industry, has strong competitiveness and influence, and has a large revenue scale; the second tiers has a certain share and popularity in the market, actively follows the industry leaders in product, service or technological innovation, and has a medium revenue scale; the third tiers has a smaller share in the market, has a lower brand awareness, mainly focuses on the local market, and has a relatively small revenue scale.
This report studies the market size, price trends and future development prospects of FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate. Focus on analysing the market share, product portfolio, prices, sales volume, revenue and gross profit margin of global major manufacturers, as well as the market status and trends of different product types and applications in the global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate market. The report data covers historical data from 2018 to 2023, based year in 2024 and forecast data from 2025 to 2030.
The regions and countries in the report include North America, Europe, China, APAC (excl. China), Latin America and Middle East and Africa, covering the FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate market conditions and future development trends of key regions and countries, combined with industry-related policies and the latest technological developments, analyze the development characteristics of FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate industries in various regions and countries, help companies understand the development characteristics of each region, help companies formulate business strategies, and achieve the ultimate goal of the company's global development strategy.
The data sources of this report mainly include the National Bureau of Statistics, customs databases, industry associations, corporate financial reports, third-party databases, etc. Among them, macroeconomic data mainly comes from the National Bureau of Statistics, International Economic Research Organization; industry statistical data mainly come from industry associations; company data mainly comes from interviews, public information collection, third-party reliable databases, and price data mainly comes from various markets monitoring database.
Global Key Manufacturers of FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Include:
Unimicron
Ibiden
Nan Ya PCB
Shinko Electric Industries
Kinsus Interconnect
AT&S
Semco
Kyocera
TOPPAN
Zhen Ding Technology
Daeduck Electronics
ASE Material
ACCESS
NCAP China
LG InnoTek
Shennan Circuit
Shenzhen Fastprint Circuit Tech
FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Segment Include:
4-8 Layers ABF Substrate
8-16 Layers ABF Substrate
Others
FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Application Include:
PCs
Server & Data Center
HPC/AI Chips
Communication
Others
Chapter Scope
Chapter 1: Product Research Range, Product Types and Applications, Market Overview, Market Situation and Trends
Chapter 2: Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Capacity and Production Analysis
Chapter 3: Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Industry PESTEL Analysis
Chapter 4: Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Industry Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
Chapter 5: Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Major Regional Market Size (Revenue, Sales, Price) and Forecast Analysis
Chapter 6: Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size and Forecast by Type and Application Analysis
Chapter 7: North America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)
Chapter 8: Europe FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)
Chapter 9: China FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)
Chapter 10: APAC (Excl. China) FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)
Chapter 11: Latin America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)
Chapter 12: Middle East and Africa FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Competitive Analysis (Market Size, Key Players and Market Share, Product Type and Application Segment Analysis, Countries Analysis)
Chapter 13: Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Competitive Analysis of Key Manufacturers (Sales, Revenue, Market Share, Price, Regional Distribution and Industry Concentration)
Chapter 14: Key Company Profiles (Product Portfolio, Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin)
Chapter 15: Industrial Chain Analysis, Include Raw Material Suppliers, Distributors and Customers
Chapter 16: Research Findings and Conclusion
Chapter 17: Methodology and Data Sources
Table of Contents
170 Pages
- 1 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Overview
- 1.1 Product Definition and Statistical Scope
- 1.2 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product by Type
- 1.2.1 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Type, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030
- 1.2.2 4-8 Layers ABF Substrate
- 1.2.3 8-16 Layers ABF Substrate
- 1.2.4 Others
- 1.3 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product by Application
- 1.3.1 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Application, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030
- 1.3.2 PCs
- 1.3.3 Server & Data Center
- 1.3.4 HPC/AI Chips
- 1.3.5 Communication
- 1.3.6 Others
- 1.4 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Revenue and Sales Analysis
- 1.4.1 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size Analysis (2019-2030)
- 1.4.2 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Sales Analysis (2019-2030)
- 1.4.3 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Sales Price Trend Analysis (2019-2030)
- 1.5 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Development Status and Trends
- 1.5.1 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Industry Development Status Analysis
- 1.5.2 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Industry Development Trends Analysis
- 2 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Capacity and Production Analysis
- 2.1 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Production Capacity (2019-2030)
- 2.2 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Production by Region: 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030
- 2.3 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Production by Region
- 2.3.1 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Historic Production by Region (2019-2024)
- 2.3.2 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Forecasted Production by Region (2025-2030)
- 2.3.3 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Production Market Share by Region (2019-2030)
- 3 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market PESTEL Analysis
- 3.1 Political Factors Analysis
- 3.2 Economic Factors Analysis
- 3.3 Social Factors Analysis
- 3.4 Technological Factors Analysis
- 3.5 Environmental Factors Analysis
- 3.6 Legal Factors Analysis
- 4 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Porter's Five Forces Analysis
- 4.1 Competitive Rivalry
- 4.2 Threat of New Entrants
- 4.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- 4.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers
- 4.5 Threat of Substitutes
- 5 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Analysis by Regions
- 5.1 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Overall Market: 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030
- 5.2 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue and Forecast Analysis (2019-2030)
- 5.2.1 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue and Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
- 5.2.2 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
- 5.3 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales and Forecast Analysis (2019-2030)
- 5.3.1 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales and Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
- 5.3.2 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
- 5.4 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales Price Trend Analysis (2019-2030)
- 6 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Type and Application
- 6.1 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Type
- 6.1.1 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Type (2019-2030)
- 6.1.2 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales and Forecast Analysis by Type (2019-2030)
- 6.2 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Application
- 6.2.1 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Application (2019-2030)
- 6.2.2 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales and Forecast Analysis by Application (2019-2030)
- 7 North America
- 7.1 North America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
- 7.2 North America Key Manufacturers Analysis
- 7.3 North America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Type
- 7.3.1 North America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales by Type (2019-2030)
- 7.3.2 North America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
- 7.4 North America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Application
- 7.4.1 North America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales by Application (2019-2030)
- 7.4.2 North America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
- 7.5 North America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Country
- 7.5.1 US
- 7.5.2 Canada
- 8 Europe
- 8.1 Europe FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
- 8.2 Europe Key Manufacturers Analysis
- 8.3 Europe FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Type
- 8.3.1 Europe FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales by Type (2019-2030)
- 8.3.2 Europe FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
- 8.4 Europe FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Application
- 8.4.1 Europe FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales by Application (2019-2030)
- 8.4.2 Europe FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
- 8.5 Europe FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Country
- 8.5.1 Germany
- 8.5.2 France
- 8.5.3 United Kingdom
- 8.5.4 Italy
- 8.5.5 Spain
- 8.5.6 Benelux
- 9 China
- 9.1 China FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
- 9.2 China Key Manufacturers Analysis
- 9.3 China FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Type
- 9.3.1 China FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales by Type (2019-2030)
- 9.3.2 China FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
- 9.4 China FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Application
- 9.4.1 China FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales by Application (2019-2030)
- 9.4.2 China FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
- 10 APAC (excl. China)
- 10.1 APAC (excl. China) FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
- 10.2 APAC (excl. China) Key Manufacturers Analysis
- 10.3 APAC (excl. China) FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Type
- 10.3.1 APAC (excl. China) FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales by Type (2019-2030)
- 10.3.2 APAC (excl. China) FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
- 10.4 APAC (excl. China) FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Application
- 10.4.1 APAC (excl. China) FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales by Application (2019-2030)
- 10.4.2 APAC (excl. China) FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
- 10.5 APAC (excl. China) FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Country
- 10.5.1 Japan
- 10.5.2 South Korea
- 10.5.3 India
- 10.5.4 Australia
- 10.5.5 Indonesia
- 10.5.6 Vietnam
- 10.5.7 Malaysia
- 10.5.8 Thailand
- 11 Latin America
- 11.1 Latin America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
- 11.2 Latin America Key Manufacturers Analysis
- 11.3 Latin America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Type
- 11.3.1 Latin America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales by Type (2019-2030)
- 11.3.2 Latin America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
- 11.4 Latin America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Application
- 11.4.1 Latin America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales by Application (2019-2030)
- 11.4.2 Latin America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
- 11.5 Latin America FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Country
- 11.5.1 Mexico
- 11.5.2 Brazil
- 12 Middle East & Africa
- 12.1 Middle East & Africa FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size and Growth Rate Analysis (2019-2030)
- 12.2 Middle East & Africa Key Manufacturers Analysis
- 12.3 Middle East & Africa FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Type
- 12.3.1 Middle East & Africa FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales by Type (2019-2030)
- 12.3.2 Middle East & Africa FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue by Type (2019-2030)
- 12.4 Middle East & Africa FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Application
- 12.4.1 Middle East & Africa FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales by Application (2019-2030)
- 12.4.2 Middle East & Africa FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Revenue by Application (2019-2030)
- 12.5 Middle East & Africa FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Size by Country
- 12.5.1 Saudi Arabia
- 12.5.2 South Africa
- 13 Competition by Manufacturers
- 13.1 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Sales, Revenue and Price by Key Manufacturers (2020-2024)
- 13.1.1 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Sales by Key Manufacturers (2020-2024)
- 13.1.2 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Revenue by Key Manufacturers (2020-2024)
- 13.1.3 Global FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Average Sales Price by Manufacturers (2020-2024)
- 13.2 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Competitive Landscape Analysis and Market Dynamic
- 13.2.1 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Competitive Landscape Analysis
- 13.2.2 Global Key Manufacturers Headquarter Location and Key Area Sales
- 13.2.3 Market Dynamic
- 14 Key Companies Analysis
- 14.1 Unimicron
- 14.1.1 Unimicron Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.1.2 Unimicron FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.1.3 Unimicron FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.2 Ibiden
- 14.2.1 Ibiden Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.2.2 Ibiden FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.2.3 Ibiden FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.3 Nan Ya PCB
- 14.3.1 Nan Ya PCB Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.3.2 Nan Ya PCB FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.3.3 Nan Ya PCB FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.4 Shinko Electric Industries
- 14.4.1 Shinko Electric Industries Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.4.2 Shinko Electric Industries FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.4.3 Shinko Electric Industries FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.5 Kinsus Interconnect
- 14.5.1 Kinsus Interconnect Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.5.2 Kinsus Interconnect FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.5.3 Kinsus Interconnect FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.6 AT&S
- 14.6.1 AT&S Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.6.2 AT&S FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.6.3 AT&S FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.7 Semco
- 14.7.1 Semco Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.7.2 Semco FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.7.3 Semco FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.8 Kyocera
- 14.8.1 Kyocera Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.8.2 Kyocera FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.8.3 Kyocera FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.9 TOPPAN
- 14.9.1 TOPPAN Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.9.2 TOPPAN FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.9.3 TOPPAN FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.10 Zhen Ding Technology
- 14.10.1 Zhen Ding Technology Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.10.2 Zhen Ding Technology FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.10.3 Zhen Ding Technology FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.11 Daeduck Electronics
- 14.11.1 Daeduck Electronics Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.11.2 Daeduck Electronics FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.11.3 Daeduck Electronics FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.12 ASE Material
- 14.12.1 ASE Material Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.12.2 ASE Material FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.12.3 ASE Material FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.13 ACCESS
- 14.13.1 ACCESS Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.13.2 ACCESS FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.13.3 ACCESS FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.14 NCAP China
- 14.14.1 NCAP China Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.14.2 NCAP China FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.14.3 NCAP China FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.15 LG InnoTek
- 14.15.1 LG InnoTek Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.15.2 LG InnoTek FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.15.3 LG InnoTek FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.16 Shennan Circuit
- 14.16.1 Shennan Circuit Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.16.2 Shennan Circuit FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.16.3 Shennan Circuit FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 14.17 Shenzhen Fastprint Circuit Tech
- 14.17.1 Shenzhen Fastprint Circuit Tech Basic Company Profile (Employees, Areas Service, Competitors and Contact Information)
- 14.17.2 Shenzhen Fastprint Circuit Tech FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Product Portfolio
- 14.17.3 Shenzhen Fastprint Circuit Tech FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Market Data Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share) (2020-2024)
- 15 Industry Chain Analysis
- 15.1 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Industry Chain Analysis
- 15.2 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Industry Upstream Supply Analysis
- 15.2.1 Upstream Key Raw Material Supply Analysis
- 15.2.2 Raw Material Suppliers and Contact Information
- 15.3 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Typical Downstream Customers
- 15.4 FC-BGA (ABF) Substrate Sales Channel Analysis
- 16 Research Findings and Conclusion
- 17 Methodology and Data Source
- 17.1 Methodology/Research Approach
- 17.2 Research Scope
- 17.3 Benchmarks and Assumptions
- 17.4 Date Source
- 17.4.1 Primary Sources
- 17.4.2 Secondary Sources
- 17.5 Data Cross Validation
- 17.6 Disclaimer
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