Treatment for cancer patients must prioritize preventing and controlling nausea and vomiting (N&V). One of the most prevalent and upsetting acute adverse effects of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (N&V) is cancer treatment. It can significantly lower a patient's quality of life and happens in up to 80% of patients. The perceptual feeling of nausea is an unpleasant, wave-like sensation in the epigastrium and/or back of the throat that may lead to vomiting (emesis). Emesis, the violent evacuation of stomach, duodenal, or jejunal contents through the oral canal, is referred to as vomiting. Retching, also known as dry heaves, involves the stomach and esophageal motions of vomiting without the evacuation of vomitus. Understanding the neurophysiological systems that regulate nausea and vomiting (N&V) has advanced. The central nervous system regulates or mediates both, but through different ways. The autonomic nervous system is the mechanism that causes nausea.
A complicated response that includes the convergence of afferent input is stimulated during vomiting. Neurotransmitters in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, the vomiting center (said to be situated in the nucleus tractus solitarius), and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract emit efferent impulses. These neurotransmitters include serotonin, substance P, and dopamine. These signals are sent to the respiratory center, salivation center, and abdominal muscles. The relative importance of these several routes, which result in N&V symptoms, is complicated. It is proposed to explain agents' varying emetogenicity (intrinsic emetogenicity and mitigating variables [i.e., dose, administration method, and exposure length]) and emetogenic profile (i.e., time to onset, intensity, and duration of symptoms).
Market Dynamics
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) drugs are given to patients who undergo chemotherapy treatment to prevent nausea and vomiting. An increase in the number of patients undergoing chemotherapy is expected to drive the market growth over the forecast period. For instance, according to the data provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in November 2022, more than 1 million cancer patients receive chemotherapy or radiation in an outpatient oncology clinic in the U.S. each year.
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