High-Voltage Power Supply in New Energy Vehicle (BMS, BDU, Relay, Integrated Battery Box) Research Report, 2025
Description
The high-voltage power supply system is a core component of new energy vehicles. The battery pack serves as the central energy source, with the capacity of power battery affecting the vehicle's range, charging time, and efficiency. It is also closely related to the overall vehicle cost. The high-voltage power supply system of new energy vehicles studied in this report mainly includes modules such as Battery Management System (BMS), Battery Distribution Unit (BDU), high-voltage DC relays, and integrated battery boxes.
The Shift of Battery Management System (BMS) from Centralized to Distributed Architectures
To increase the vehicle's range and charging speed, new energy vehicle battery packs have larger capacities, higher total voltages (with the mass production of 800V - 1000V platform architectures), and more battery cells. The limited sampling channels, computing performance, and long wiring harnesses of centralized BMS systems struggle to manage these large-scale battery arrays. In contrast, distributed BMS architectures can optimize the management of large battery arrays through local measurement, modular design, and distributed computing, and can provide more accurate and sensitive real-time feedback on the status of power supply system.
The architecture of high-voltage power supply system in new energy vehicles has shifted from a centralized BMS architecture to a distributed one. The distributed BMS architecture can significantly enhance system reliability and safety. It avoids single-point failures; a malfunction in a single slave control module usually does not cause the entire system to collapse and is easier to replace. Moreover, in a distributed architecture, the acquisition circuits are placed close to the battery cells, reducing interference and errors introduced by long wires and enabling more accurate data collection, which helps with more precise safety assessments. The distributed BMS uses bus communication, greatly reducing hardwired connections and making the internal structure of the battery pack more concise and reliable.
The distributed BMS architecture adopts a master-slave structure: one Master manages multiple Slaves. Each slave control module monitors information such as the voltage and temperature of a group of battery cells and reports the data to the master control module for unified processing and protection decisions. Different OEMs adopt different distributed BMS architecture solutions:
Xiaomi SU7 Max uses a ""one master, three slaves"" BMS architecture. The master control chip is Infineon TC387, the bridge chip is TI BQ79600, and the slave board AFE chip is TI BQ79616. Each slave board manages 66 battery cells and uses 5 BQ79616 chips in cascade for sampling; communication is achieved through Daisy Chain and Ring topologies.
NIO ES8 adopts a ""one master, sixteen slaves"" BMS architecture. The master BMU is provided by Bosch China - the master control chip uses Infineon's TC275TP and Bosch's System Basis Chip (ASIC) 0D273, and the slave control unit CMU is provided by CATL - the core monitoring chip is Analog Devices' LTC6811HG - 2; communication and data transmission between the BMU and CMU are carried out via the CAN bus.
Tesla's early models used a centralized BMS architecture, while subsequent models (Model 3/Y) evolved to a distributed BMS architecture - a ""one master, four slaves"" BMS architecture. The main controller is located in the ""Penthouse"" of battery pack.
Distributed BMS architectures are commonly used in BYD's mainstream mass-produced electric vehicles.
Challenges in the Promotion of Distributed BMS Architectures:
Increased System Complexity: The development of software algorithms and the coordination and management of the system become more difficult, requiring more powerful master controllers, more refined monitoring modules, and more complex communication protocols.
Cost Issues: The hardware and development costs of distributed BMS systems in new energy vehicles are relatively high. Currently, apart from some high-volume automakers that tend to develop BMS systems in-house, many manufacturers choose third-party suppliers.
Standardization Requirements: The industry urgently needs to promote the standardization of BMS interfaces and communication protocols to reduce the integration difficulties and costs between devices from different suppliers and to facilitate the healthy development of BMS industry.
Take Xiaomi Auto as an example. Its BMS uses a ""one master, three slaves"" distributed architecture. The Xiaomi SU7 Ultra uses silicon carbide (SiC) across the board, with SiC chips in the main drive, vehicle power supply, and air conditioner compressor controllers. The vehicle uses 172 SiC chips, mainly sourced from Infineon and ST, and concentrated in:
Electric Drive System: Each motor controller needs to be equipped with 48 SiC MOSFET chips. The three-motor drive solution results in 144 chips being used in the electric drive part. The suppliers are Inovance Automotive and UAES; for main drive SiC MOSFET chips, they are mainly sourced from Infineon, STMicroelectronics, onsemi, and Bosch.
Vehicle Power Supply (OBC/DC - DC Two-in-One): 14 SiC chips are used. The supplier is Zhejiang EV-Tech, and its SiC MOSFET chip supplier is Wolfspeed.
High-Voltage DC - DC Converter: 8 SiC chips are used.
Air Conditioner Compressor Controller: 6 SiC chips are used. The supplier is Zinsight Technology, which has partnered with STMicroelectronics for SiC MOSFETs.
Power Battery Electronic Components Such as BMS And BDU Tend to Converge and Develop Towards High-Voltage Integrated Battery Boxes
Many companies have proposed integration solutions for power battery electronic components such as BMS and BDU to make the design of battery packs more concise and efficient:
Intelligent Control has proposed several integration solutions for high-voltage BMS and other components, such as the integration of CSC + BMU and BDU; integrating the high-voltage BMS - BMU into the vehicle domain controller and the MCU high-voltage domain controller respectively.
Aptiv shared two BDU solutions: First, as customers' pursuit of the performance of 800V high-performance vehicle BDUs becomes more extreme, and they also put forward refined platform design requirements, Aptiv has launched the latest liquid cooling solution in cooperation with customers. Second, in-depth integration of major components such as BDU, BMS, OBC, and DC - DC, which are arranged on the second layer of the battery pack, can improve the vehicle's space utilization and assembly efficiency and reduce development costs.
GAC's early BDU integration with BMU physically combines the two, which not only increases the usable space of entire battery pack, leaving more room for battery cells to function, but also saves on plastic parts.
UAES integrates BMS and BDU into a Powerbox, and its Powerbox has entered mass production. The integrated components have a higher value.
Schaeffler believes that in addition to physical integration, BMS also involves algorithm integration. It aims to simplify actuators as much as possible, that is, to consider all signal collection and contactor control in the battery pack as one actuator. At the same time, software functions can be moved upward and placed in any controller. For example, integrating BMS functions into the zonal controller or main controller can remove the microcontroller (uC) and reduce the BOM. Currently, Schaeffler has mass-produced BMS integrated with BDU, wireless BMS, etc. in Europe, North America, and China.
In March 2025, UAES launched a new generation of HVDU intelligent integration solution integrating the Battery Management Unit (BMU):
In-depth Integration of BMU and Related Components: UAES breaks through the traditional separate architecture. Based on BMU and current sensors, with mature and reliable integration processes, it continuously innovates and expands its product line. Currently, the relays have successfully entered mass production and are deeply integrated.
Modular Platform Design to Meet Full-Scenario Requirements: Based on the concept of platform expansion, the HVDU supports flexible configuration within a rated current range of 150A - 500A, is compatible with 400V/800V voltage platforms, and can quickly adapt to different vehicle models such as BEV and PHEV by adding or reducing relay modules. Compared with current industry products, the integration solution reduces space occupation by 50% and shortens the development cycle by 40%.
While focusing on the development of second-generation HVDU, UAES simultaneously conducts pre-research on new HVDU technologies, such as advanced system architectures and high-voltage switching technologies that replace relays with electronic switches E-fuses, and the deeper integration of HVDU and the integration of CharCon into the Powerbox. These technologies help customers reduce system costs and improve system performance.
Currently, major OEMs have launched integrated products of BDU and BMS, such as NIO, Li Auto, XPeng, Dongfeng, BYD, GAC, etc., providing solutions for extreme cost reduction in battery systems:
In NIO's electrification solution, BDU is integrated with BMU, high-voltage connectors, thermal runaway sensors, DC - DC, and other components.
GAC's BDU integration with BMU physically integrates BDU, BMU, DC - DC, thermal runaway sensors, and fast-change connectors. This not only increases the usable space of the entire battery pack, leaving more room for the battery cells to function, but also saves on plastic parts.
Inside the ""second layer"" at rear of Qilin battery pack of Xiaomi SU7, EE components such as BMS, CCU, and relay boxes are placed. The high-voltage electrical area of the BMS and relay box is mainly for high-voltage series - parallel connection and low-voltage control. The vehicle charging control unit CCU (integration of OBC + DC - DC) provides the voltage conversion function during the charging process. The relay box is arranged below the BMS, and an aluminum Busbar heat sink is installed on the bottom surface to dissipate the heat generated by high-power charging and discharging.
XPeng's high-voltage power distribution box X-BMU integrates BDU + BMS. It includes a housing, a flexible circuit board, multiple electrical component modules, and a battery management system (BMS). Each component is integrated in the housing and is electrically connected through the flexible circuit board, replacing traditional wiring harnesses/plugs.
The Increasing Prominence of BMS Chips in the 800V Architecture
Automotive-grade BMS chips have indeed become the core components of BMS systems in the 800V high-voltage architecture. They act as the ""intelligent brain"" of battery pack, need to address numerous challenges brought about by higher voltages, and play a crucial role in the safety, efficiency, and performance of entire battery system.
To address the cost and availability challenges of high-voltage components (such as traction inverters) in 800V platform and to be compatible with existing 400V charging piles, a switchable 2x400V/800V architecture has emerged. The BMS needs to intelligently manage the switching of two battery groups between parallel (driving) and series (fast charging) states. This increases system complexity and places higher demands on the control logic and reliability of BMS chips.
Suppliers have introduced more powerful BMS chips. For example, NXP's MC33774 AFE chip supports 18-channel voltage acquisition and a 300mA equalization current; and the MC33665 gateway chip supports CAN FD communication and Daisy Chain topologies, helping to simplify the architecture.
For Wireless BMS Systems (wBMS), NXP released a new-generation UWB BMS solution in the field of wireless BMS systems (wBMS) in November 2024. Unlike the modulated carrier frequencies (sinusoidal signals) used in 2.4 GHz narrow-band technologies such as Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE), UWB utilizes high-bandwidth pulses. This unique feature enhances its resistance to reflection and frequency-selective fading, guaranteeing more stable and reliable data transmission. The chipset designed for wireless battery management systems includes the BMA6060 and BMA6061.
NXP's BMS chips leverage three core technologies: highly integrated AFE (BMx73x8), innovative UWB wireless technology, and EIS health diagnosis (DNB1168). These technologies have enabled NXP to establish deep partnerships with leading customers such as CATL and Geely. As a result, NXP takes a leading position in the industry in terms of wireless BMS mass production progress and long - lifespan energy storage solutions.
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The Shift of Battery Management System (BMS) from Centralized to Distributed Architectures
To increase the vehicle's range and charging speed, new energy vehicle battery packs have larger capacities, higher total voltages (with the mass production of 800V - 1000V platform architectures), and more battery cells. The limited sampling channels, computing performance, and long wiring harnesses of centralized BMS systems struggle to manage these large-scale battery arrays. In contrast, distributed BMS architectures can optimize the management of large battery arrays through local measurement, modular design, and distributed computing, and can provide more accurate and sensitive real-time feedback on the status of power supply system.
The architecture of high-voltage power supply system in new energy vehicles has shifted from a centralized BMS architecture to a distributed one. The distributed BMS architecture can significantly enhance system reliability and safety. It avoids single-point failures; a malfunction in a single slave control module usually does not cause the entire system to collapse and is easier to replace. Moreover, in a distributed architecture, the acquisition circuits are placed close to the battery cells, reducing interference and errors introduced by long wires and enabling more accurate data collection, which helps with more precise safety assessments. The distributed BMS uses bus communication, greatly reducing hardwired connections and making the internal structure of the battery pack more concise and reliable.
The distributed BMS architecture adopts a master-slave structure: one Master manages multiple Slaves. Each slave control module monitors information such as the voltage and temperature of a group of battery cells and reports the data to the master control module for unified processing and protection decisions. Different OEMs adopt different distributed BMS architecture solutions:
Xiaomi SU7 Max uses a ""one master, three slaves"" BMS architecture. The master control chip is Infineon TC387, the bridge chip is TI BQ79600, and the slave board AFE chip is TI BQ79616. Each slave board manages 66 battery cells and uses 5 BQ79616 chips in cascade for sampling; communication is achieved through Daisy Chain and Ring topologies.
NIO ES8 adopts a ""one master, sixteen slaves"" BMS architecture. The master BMU is provided by Bosch China - the master control chip uses Infineon's TC275TP and Bosch's System Basis Chip (ASIC) 0D273, and the slave control unit CMU is provided by CATL - the core monitoring chip is Analog Devices' LTC6811HG - 2; communication and data transmission between the BMU and CMU are carried out via the CAN bus.
Tesla's early models used a centralized BMS architecture, while subsequent models (Model 3/Y) evolved to a distributed BMS architecture - a ""one master, four slaves"" BMS architecture. The main controller is located in the ""Penthouse"" of battery pack.
Distributed BMS architectures are commonly used in BYD's mainstream mass-produced electric vehicles.
Challenges in the Promotion of Distributed BMS Architectures:
Increased System Complexity: The development of software algorithms and the coordination and management of the system become more difficult, requiring more powerful master controllers, more refined monitoring modules, and more complex communication protocols.
Cost Issues: The hardware and development costs of distributed BMS systems in new energy vehicles are relatively high. Currently, apart from some high-volume automakers that tend to develop BMS systems in-house, many manufacturers choose third-party suppliers.
Standardization Requirements: The industry urgently needs to promote the standardization of BMS interfaces and communication protocols to reduce the integration difficulties and costs between devices from different suppliers and to facilitate the healthy development of BMS industry.
Take Xiaomi Auto as an example. Its BMS uses a ""one master, three slaves"" distributed architecture. The Xiaomi SU7 Ultra uses silicon carbide (SiC) across the board, with SiC chips in the main drive, vehicle power supply, and air conditioner compressor controllers. The vehicle uses 172 SiC chips, mainly sourced from Infineon and ST, and concentrated in:
Electric Drive System: Each motor controller needs to be equipped with 48 SiC MOSFET chips. The three-motor drive solution results in 144 chips being used in the electric drive part. The suppliers are Inovance Automotive and UAES; for main drive SiC MOSFET chips, they are mainly sourced from Infineon, STMicroelectronics, onsemi, and Bosch.
Vehicle Power Supply (OBC/DC - DC Two-in-One): 14 SiC chips are used. The supplier is Zhejiang EV-Tech, and its SiC MOSFET chip supplier is Wolfspeed.
High-Voltage DC - DC Converter: 8 SiC chips are used.
Air Conditioner Compressor Controller: 6 SiC chips are used. The supplier is Zinsight Technology, which has partnered with STMicroelectronics for SiC MOSFETs.
Power Battery Electronic Components Such as BMS And BDU Tend to Converge and Develop Towards High-Voltage Integrated Battery Boxes
Many companies have proposed integration solutions for power battery electronic components such as BMS and BDU to make the design of battery packs more concise and efficient:
Intelligent Control has proposed several integration solutions for high-voltage BMS and other components, such as the integration of CSC + BMU and BDU; integrating the high-voltage BMS - BMU into the vehicle domain controller and the MCU high-voltage domain controller respectively.
Aptiv shared two BDU solutions: First, as customers' pursuit of the performance of 800V high-performance vehicle BDUs becomes more extreme, and they also put forward refined platform design requirements, Aptiv has launched the latest liquid cooling solution in cooperation with customers. Second, in-depth integration of major components such as BDU, BMS, OBC, and DC - DC, which are arranged on the second layer of the battery pack, can improve the vehicle's space utilization and assembly efficiency and reduce development costs.
GAC's early BDU integration with BMU physically combines the two, which not only increases the usable space of entire battery pack, leaving more room for battery cells to function, but also saves on plastic parts.
UAES integrates BMS and BDU into a Powerbox, and its Powerbox has entered mass production. The integrated components have a higher value.
Schaeffler believes that in addition to physical integration, BMS also involves algorithm integration. It aims to simplify actuators as much as possible, that is, to consider all signal collection and contactor control in the battery pack as one actuator. At the same time, software functions can be moved upward and placed in any controller. For example, integrating BMS functions into the zonal controller or main controller can remove the microcontroller (uC) and reduce the BOM. Currently, Schaeffler has mass-produced BMS integrated with BDU, wireless BMS, etc. in Europe, North America, and China.
In March 2025, UAES launched a new generation of HVDU intelligent integration solution integrating the Battery Management Unit (BMU):
In-depth Integration of BMU and Related Components: UAES breaks through the traditional separate architecture. Based on BMU and current sensors, with mature and reliable integration processes, it continuously innovates and expands its product line. Currently, the relays have successfully entered mass production and are deeply integrated.
Modular Platform Design to Meet Full-Scenario Requirements: Based on the concept of platform expansion, the HVDU supports flexible configuration within a rated current range of 150A - 500A, is compatible with 400V/800V voltage platforms, and can quickly adapt to different vehicle models such as BEV and PHEV by adding or reducing relay modules. Compared with current industry products, the integration solution reduces space occupation by 50% and shortens the development cycle by 40%.
While focusing on the development of second-generation HVDU, UAES simultaneously conducts pre-research on new HVDU technologies, such as advanced system architectures and high-voltage switching technologies that replace relays with electronic switches E-fuses, and the deeper integration of HVDU and the integration of CharCon into the Powerbox. These technologies help customers reduce system costs and improve system performance.
Currently, major OEMs have launched integrated products of BDU and BMS, such as NIO, Li Auto, XPeng, Dongfeng, BYD, GAC, etc., providing solutions for extreme cost reduction in battery systems:
In NIO's electrification solution, BDU is integrated with BMU, high-voltage connectors, thermal runaway sensors, DC - DC, and other components.
GAC's BDU integration with BMU physically integrates BDU, BMU, DC - DC, thermal runaway sensors, and fast-change connectors. This not only increases the usable space of the entire battery pack, leaving more room for the battery cells to function, but also saves on plastic parts.
Inside the ""second layer"" at rear of Qilin battery pack of Xiaomi SU7, EE components such as BMS, CCU, and relay boxes are placed. The high-voltage electrical area of the BMS and relay box is mainly for high-voltage series - parallel connection and low-voltage control. The vehicle charging control unit CCU (integration of OBC + DC - DC) provides the voltage conversion function during the charging process. The relay box is arranged below the BMS, and an aluminum Busbar heat sink is installed on the bottom surface to dissipate the heat generated by high-power charging and discharging.
XPeng's high-voltage power distribution box X-BMU integrates BDU + BMS. It includes a housing, a flexible circuit board, multiple electrical component modules, and a battery management system (BMS). Each component is integrated in the housing and is electrically connected through the flexible circuit board, replacing traditional wiring harnesses/plugs.
The Increasing Prominence of BMS Chips in the 800V Architecture
Automotive-grade BMS chips have indeed become the core components of BMS systems in the 800V high-voltage architecture. They act as the ""intelligent brain"" of battery pack, need to address numerous challenges brought about by higher voltages, and play a crucial role in the safety, efficiency, and performance of entire battery system.
To address the cost and availability challenges of high-voltage components (such as traction inverters) in 800V platform and to be compatible with existing 400V charging piles, a switchable 2x400V/800V architecture has emerged. The BMS needs to intelligently manage the switching of two battery groups between parallel (driving) and series (fast charging) states. This increases system complexity and places higher demands on the control logic and reliability of BMS chips.
Suppliers have introduced more powerful BMS chips. For example, NXP's MC33774 AFE chip supports 18-channel voltage acquisition and a 300mA equalization current; and the MC33665 gateway chip supports CAN FD communication and Daisy Chain topologies, helping to simplify the architecture.
For Wireless BMS Systems (wBMS), NXP released a new-generation UWB BMS solution in the field of wireless BMS systems (wBMS) in November 2024. Unlike the modulated carrier frequencies (sinusoidal signals) used in 2.4 GHz narrow-band technologies such as Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE), UWB utilizes high-bandwidth pulses. This unique feature enhances its resistance to reflection and frequency-selective fading, guaranteeing more stable and reliable data transmission. The chipset designed for wireless battery management systems includes the BMA6060 and BMA6061.
NXP's BMS chips leverage three core technologies: highly integrated AFE (BMx73x8), innovative UWB wireless technology, and EIS health diagnosis (DNB1168). These technologies have enabled NXP to establish deep partnerships with leading customers such as CATL and Geely. As a result, NXP takes a leading position in the industry in terms of wireless BMS mass production progress and long - lifespan energy storage solutions.
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Table of Contents
410 Pages
- 1 Overview of High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles
- 1.1 High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - Overview
- High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - Definition/Research Directions
- High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - Core Technologies
- High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - Hardware Architecture
- High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - Current Flow Diagrams
- High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - Signal/Current Transmission Systems
- High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles- Battery Box Structures
- High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - High-Voltage Connectors
- High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - High-Voltage Wiring Harnesses
- High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - Safety Protection Measures
- 1.2 High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - Relevant Laws, Regulations, and Standards
- High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - List of Relevant Laws, Regulations, and Standards
- High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - Relevant Standard: GB/T 32960 - 2025 Technical Specifications for Remote Service and Management System for Electric Vehicles
- High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - Relevant Standard: GB 38031 - 2025 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements
- High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - Laws and Regulations on Communication Protocols
- 2 High-Voltage Power Supply Systems - Battery Management System (BMS)
- 2.1 Battery Management System (BMS)
- Definition/Schematic Diagram
- High - Voltage/Low - Voltage Current Flow Diagrams
- Structure and Composition
- Hardware Composition
- Core Components and Their Functions
- Battery Management Controller (BMU/BMC)
- Cell Supervision Unit (CSC/CSU)
- Tear-Down Case of Cell Supervision Unit (CSC/CSU) (1)
- Tear-Down Case of Cell Supervision Unit (CSC/CSU) (2)
- Basic Functions of On-Board BMS
- Classification of BMS Architectures
- Centralized BMS
- Semi-Centralized BMS
- Distributed BMS
- Application Cases of Semi-Centralized BMS
- Topological Structures of BMS
- BMS Solutions of Major OEMs（1）
- BMS Solutions of Major OEMs（2）
- BMS Solutions of Major OEMs（3）
- POWER MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS FOR BMS（1）
- POWER MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS FOR BMS（2）
- BMS Installations and Market Pattern in China, 2024
- BMS Installations and Market Pattern in China, 2025
- BMS-Related Suppliers for Main On-Sale Vehicle Models
- Integration of BMS
- Technology Development Trends
- 2.2 BMS Communication Architecture
- Communication Requirements
- Wired BMS Communication Methods
- Ring Daisy Chain Topology of High-Voltage BMS
- Topologies of Wired BMS
- Wired BMS Communication Solution: Application of Neuron AUTBUS Technology in BMS
- Comparison between Wired BMS Communication and wBMS Wireless Communication
- Communication Case: Changan Deepal BMS Control Board (1) - Functional Module Division
- Communication Case: Changan Deepal BMS Control Board (2) - Using CAN Communication
- Communication Case: Changan Deepal BMS Control Board (3) - CAN-FD Integrated Inside SBC Chip
- 2.3 Wireless BMS System (wBMS)
- Technical Principle
- Development Advantages
- Wiring Harness Changes and Anti-Interference Capability of Wireless BMS
- Communication Topology and Evolution Trend of Wireless BMS (1)
- Communication Topology and Evolution Trend of Wireless BMS (2)
- Communication Indicators of wBMS
- Classification of Wireless Communication Methods
- Supplier Solutions and Design Ideas
- List of Technical Solutions
- Supplier Technical Solution Cases
- Summary of Development Trends of Wireless BMS
- 2.4 Power Switch Module
- Classification and Development Advantages of BMS Power Switch Drives
- Products and Architectures of BMS Control Boards from Mainstream OEMs for BMS Power Switch Drives
- 2.5 System Control Modules of Power Management System (BMS)
- Classification
- Functional Comparison
- Product and Technology Layouts (1) of Major Suppliers
- Product and Technology Layouts (2) of Major Suppliers
- Product and Technology Layouts (3) of Major Suppliers
- Product and Technology Layouts (4) of Major Suppliers
- Product and Technology Layouts (5) of Major Suppliers
- Application Product Cases
- 2.6 BMS Analog Front-End (AFE) Chips
- Working Principle
- Product and Technical Solutions of Major Suppliers（1）
- Product and Technical Solutions of Major Suppliers（2）
- Product and Technical Solutions of Major Suppliers（3）
- Product and Technical Solutions of Major Suppliers（4）
- Product and Technical Solutions of Major Suppliers（5）
- Technical Parameter Analysis of Products
- Market Size of Automotive-Grade AFE Chips in China's New Energy Passenger Vehicle Market
- 2.7 Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS)
- Classification/Main Functions
- Temperature Monitoring and Early Warning Standards
- Battery Cooling/Low-Temperature Heating Control Standards
- Business and Product Progress (1) of Core Suppliers
- Business and Product Progress (2) of Core Suppliers
- 2.8 BTMS Cooling System
- Battery Cooling Methods
- Active Cooling Method: Air-Cooled Type
- Main Vehicle Models with Air-Cooled Active Cooling
- Active Cooling Method: Liquid-Cooled Type
- Main Vehicle Models with Liquid-Cooled Active Cooling
- Liquid Cooling vs. Direct Cooling in Active Cooling Methods
- Active Cooling Method: Direct Cooling Type
- Main Vehicle Models with Direct-Cooled Active Cooling
- Main Vehicle Models with Liquid Cooling + Direct Cooling in Active Cooling
- The Significant Impact of Battery Materials on the Battery Cooling System
- Battery Cooling Solutions of Major Manufacturers
- 2.9 BTMS Low-Temperature Heating System
- Low-Temperature Heating Methods
- Pulse Self-Heating Technology
- Mainstream Low-Temperature Heating Technical Solutions
- Pulse Self-Heating Technical Solution Case
- 3 High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles - Battery Intelligent Disconnect Unit (BDU)/Relays
- 3.1 Battery Disconnect Unit (BDU)
- Development History
- Definition/Schematic Diagram
- Core Functions/Application Scenarios
- Technical Parameters and Standards
- Main Technical Routes
- Technology Development Trend of High-Voltage BDU
- Market Players and Competitive Pattern
- Market Size and Development Forecast
- Summary of BDU Technical Solutions from Major OEMs (1)
- Summary of BDU Technical Solutions from Major OEMs (2)
- Summary of BDU Technical Solutions from Major OEMs (3)
- 3.2 High-Voltage DC Relays
- Classification by Different Technical Routes
- Definition and Working Principle
- Typical Structure
- Working Principle
- Classification of Relay Materials
- Configuration Scheme in New Energy Vehicles
- Typical Application Scheme in New Energy Vehicles
- Market Size and Forecast of High-Voltage Relays in New Energy Vehicles
- Competitive Pattern of New Energy Vehicle Relay Market
- Product and Technical Solutions of Major Suppliers
- Development Trend
- 3.3 High-Voltage Optical Relays
- Definition and Architecture
- Circuit Diagram
- Regulatory Certification Requirements
- Product and Technical Solutions of Major Suppliers
- Technical Parameters of On-Board High-Voltage Optical Relay Products
- On-Board High-Voltage Optical Relay Product Case
- 3.4 Solid-State Relays (SSR)/Hybrid Solid-State Relays (HSSR) for 800V High-Voltage Platform Relays
- Product Classification and Development Trend
- Technical Architecture
- Isolation Technology
- Technology Evolution Framework Diagram
- Supplier Products and Design Ideas
- Supplier Product Case
- 4 High-Voltage Power Supply Systems - Integrated Battery Box
- 4.1 Integrated Battery Box (BMS + BDU + Charging and Distribution Unit)
- Multi-in-One Integrated Battery Box with Charging and Distribution Unit + BMS/BDU
- Market Size (2021 – 2027E)
- Summary of Technical Routes for Integration Solutions
- Integration Route of Power Battery System
- Summary of Manufacturer Integration Solutions
- Case
- 4.2 Integration of High-Voltage Power Supply + Power Domain (BMS + Drive System)
- Domain Fusion Development Trend
- Trend of Electric Drive Assemblies towards ""3 + 3 + X Platform"" Multi-in-One Integration
- Accelerated Mass Production of Domestic Multi-in-One Electric Drive Products in 2025
- Installation Share of Segmented Multi-in-One Electric Drives
- Supporting Relationship in Multi-in-One Electric Drive Market
- Layout of Multi-in-One Solutions by OEM/Tier 1 Manufacturers
- OEM Integration Solution Case (1) for Multi-in-One Electric Drive Assemblies: BYD e3.0 Evo 12-in-One Electric Drive Assembly
- OEM Integration Solution Case (2) for Multi-in-One Electric Drive Assemblies: Geely 11-in-One Intelligent Domain-Controlled Electric Drive Assembly
- OEM Integration Solution Case (3) for Multi-in-One Electric Drive Assemblies: Dongfeng Mahe E 10-in-One Electric Drive Assembly
- 5 High-Voltage Power Supply System Architectures of OEMs
- 5.1 Xiaomi Auto
- Product Line and Design Idea of High-Voltage Power Management System
- Supplier and Cost Breakdown of Three-Electric System for Xiaomi SU7
- Integration of Battery + BMS + Power Supply System for Xiaomi SU7
- Structure of Battery Management System (BMS) for Xiaomi SU7（1）
- Structure of Battery Management System (BMS) for Xiaomi SU7（2）
- ............................
- Structure of Battery Management System (BMS) for Xiaomi SU7（6）
- On-Board Power Supply System: Charging Subnet
- Xiaomi SU7 On-Board Power Supply Control Unit CCU (1)
- Xiaomi SU7 On-Board Power Supply Control Unit CCU (2)
- 5.2 Xpeng Motors
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- Suppliers of Three-Electric Systems for On-Sale Models
- BMS Battery Cooling Control Principle
- BMS Battery Heating Control Principle in Charging Mode
- BMS Battery Thermal Balance Control Principle
- BMS Battery LTR Cooling and Motor Waste Heat Recovery Control Principle
- 800V High-Voltage Power Supply System for Xpeng G9
- 5.3 NIO
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- BMS System (1)
- BMS System (2)
- BMS System (3)
- 5.4 Li Auto
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- Self-Developed BMS System
- 5.5 Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA)
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- BMS Control Board of Wenjie M5 Battery Pack (1)
- BMS Control Board of AITO M5 Battery Pack (2)
- ............................
- BMS Control Board of AITO M5 Battery Pack (6)
- BMS Control Board of MAEXTRO S800
- High-Voltage Power Supply System Architecture of AITO M9 Vehicle
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- Full-Time AI BMS Battery Management System (1)
- Full-Time AI BMS Battery Management System (2)
- Full-Time AI BMS Battery Management System (5)
- 5.7 Voyah
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- Exclusive Cloud BMS
- 5.8 Geely Group
- Product Line and Design Idea of Zeekr Power Supply System
- Analysis of Zeekr 009 BMS System
- High-Voltage Power Supply Architecture of Geely Automobile
- 5.9 SAIC IM
- Vehicle-End BMS System + Cloud AI Algorithm
- 5.10 GAC Group
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- Aion BMS Battery Management System
- Power Network Configuration Strategy (1)
- Power Network Configuration Strategy (2)
- Power Network Configuration Strategy (3)
- Circuit Diagram of High-Voltage Interlock System for New Energy Vehicles
- High-Voltage Power Supply Architecture
- 5.11 BYD
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- Dual-Gun Charging Technology Dual BDU (1)
- Dual-Gun Charging Technology Dual BDU (2)
- Dual-Gun Charging Technology Dual BDU (3)
- Dual-Gun Charging Technology Dual BDU (4)
- Dual BDU Architecture of Han L EV 10C Battery Pack (1)
- Dual BDU Architecture of Han L EV 10C Battery Pack (2)
- BDU Design of Han EV Battery Pack (1)
- BDU Design of Han EV Battery Pack (2)
- BMS Thermal Management Direct Cooling
- 5.12 Changan Automobile
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- Changan Deepal SL03 BMS Control Board (1)
- ............................
- Changan Deepal SL03 BMS Control Board (5)
- 5.13 Great Wall Motors
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- BMS Solution of Dr. Octopus Intelligent Technology under SVOLT Energy
- BMS Product List of Dr. Octopus Intelligent Technology under SVOLT Energy
- MS Control Board of Dr. Octopus Intelligent Technology under SVOLT Energy（1）
- MS Control Board of Dr. Octopus Intelligent Technology under SVOLT Energy（2）
- ............................
- MS Control Board of Dr. Octopus Intelligent Technology under SVOLT Energy（6）
- 5.14 Chery Automobile
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- BMS System
- 5.15 FAW Hongqi
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- BMS System Architecture of FME Platform
- Power Distribution Network of Hongqi EH7
- 5.16 BAIC New Energy
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- BMS Distributed Master-Slave Architecture
- 5.17 Tesla
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- Model 3 High-Voltage BMS System (1)
- Model 3 High-Voltage BMS System (2)
- ............................
- Model 3 High-Voltage BMS System (5)
- Integration Scheme of Power Supply System and BMS: Integration of OBC + DCDC + PDU and BMS (1)
- Integration Scheme of Power Supply System and BMS: Integration of OBC + DCDC + PDU and BMS (2)
- 5.18 Volkswagen
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- ID.7 BMS Architecture (1)
- ............................
- ID.7 BMS Architecture (5)
- ID.7 BMS Architecture (2)
- Summary of ID.7 BMS Chip Solutions
- ID.4 High-Voltage Power Supply System (1)
- ID.4 High-Voltage Power Supply System (2)
- High-Voltage Battery Pack of ID.4 BMS System
- Cooling System of ID.4 BMS System
- 5.19 Audi
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- e-tron BMS System (1)
- e-tron BMS System (2)
- e-tron BMS System (3)
- 5.20 BMW
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- Sixth-Generation Battery System Integration Solution
- 5.21 Mercedes-Benz
- BMS System: Battery Thermal Management System
- Battery Management System of Commercial Vehicle eActros 300/400 Trucks
- High-Voltage Power Supply System: with DC Charging Interface
- 5.22 Toyota
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- 5.23 General Motors
- Product Line and Design Idea of Power Supply System
- Wireless Battery Management System (wBMS)
- 6 High-Voltage Power Supply System Solutions of Tier 1 Manufacturers
- 6.1 UAES
- Product Line and Design Idea of High-Voltage Power Supply System (1)
- Product Line and Design Idea of High-Voltage Power Supply System (2)
- Battery Pack Integration Solution (1)
- Battery Pack Integration Solution (2)
- BMS Solution (1)
- BMS Solution (2)
- BMS Solution Control Board (1)
- BMS Solution Control Board (2)
- ............................
- BMS Solution Control Board (5)
- BMS Application Software Products Based on Vehicle-Cloud Integration (1)
- BMS Application Software Products Based on Vehicle-Cloud Integration (2)
- BMS Application Software Products Based on Vehicle-Cloud Integration (3)
- High-Voltage DC Relay HVR
- 6.2 Intelligent Control
- Electrification Product Layout of New Energy Vehicles
- Product Line and Design Idea of High-Voltage Power Supply System
- BMS Series Products of Power Management System
- High-Voltage Power Integration Solution VBMS
- Iteration History of High-Voltage Power Integration Solution PDCU
- Power System Integration Solution PDCU (1)
- On-Board Power Integration Solution PDCU (2)
- 6.3 LG New Energy
- Technical Layout in the Field of Battery Management System (BMS)
- Diagnostic Solutions for Battery Management System (BMS)
- 6.4 Viridi E-Mobility Technology
- Market Layout of New Energy Vehicle BMS
- BMS Technical Solution of Battery Management System
- BDU Integrated BMS
- Integration Solution and Technical Analysis of Power Battery Pack
- 6.5 Texas Instruments (TI)
- New Energy Vehicle BMS Power Management Solution (1)
- New Energy Vehicle BMS Power Management Solution (2)
- New Energy Vehicle BMS Power Management Solution (3)
- High-Precision Cell Monitors and Battery Pack Monitors
- 6.6 LIGOO New Energy
- Business Layout of New Energy Passenger Vehicles
- Automotive-Grade BMS Products
- BMS Integration Solution
- 6.7 Jiachen Electronics
- Product Layout of Automotive High-Voltage Power Supply System (1)
- Product Layout of Automotive High-Voltage Power Supply System (2)
- Technical Route of Automotive High-Voltage Power Supply System
- Integrated BDU Controller
- 6.8 Schaeffler
- Electrification Business Layout
- BMS Battery Management System
- 6.9 Aptiv
- Electrification Business Layout
- Battery Management Software (BMS) System
- 6.10 Bosch
- High-Voltage Power Supply System Solution
- Third-Generation BMS
- 6.11 Ficosa
- Integration of BMC and BJB in EBOX
- 6.12 Huawei
- New Energy Vehicle BMS System Architecture
- BMS ""End + Cloud + AI"" Model
- 6.13 Jingwei Hirain Technologies
- High-Voltage Power Supply Systems in New Energy Vehicles
- BMS Product Line of Battery Management System
- High-Voltage Battery Management System BMS
- Battery Power Distribution Management Unit BDMU (BMS + BDU)
- 6.14 SoarWhale
- High-Voltage Power Distribution Box BDU Product Cases
- Vehicle Models Applied with BDU Products
- 6.15 Eaton
- 6.16 Hongfa Co., Ltd.
- Relay Distribution in High-Voltage Power Supply System
- High-Voltage DC Relays
- 6.17 Xi'an Sinofuse Electric
- Application of High-Voltage Fuses in Power Battery Boxes
- Product Specifications of High-Voltage Fuses in Power Battery Boxes
- Customer Distribution of High-Voltage Fuses
- 6.18 STMicroelectronics (ST)
- Electrification Solutions
- Product Line and Design Idea of High-Voltage Power Supply System (1)
- Product Line and Design Idea of High-Voltage Power Supply System (2)
- High-Voltage Architecture of Battery Management System (BMS)
- Battery Management System (BMS) Solution (1)
- Battery Management System (BMS) Solution (2)
- Battery Management System (BMS) Solution (3)
- Battery Management System (BMS) Solution (4)
- Development History of the Complete BMS Solution BMIC
- Automotive-Grade AFE Products (1)
- Automotive-Grade AFE Products (2)
- Automotive-Grade AFE Products (3)
- Complete Solution for Power Battery Management System BMIC L9965X Series (1)
- Complete Solution for Power Battery Management System BMIC L9965X Series (2)
- Complete Solution for Power Battery Management System BMIC L9965X Series (3)
- Complete Solution for Power Battery Management System BMIC L9965X Series (4)
- ............................
- Complete Solution for Power Battery Management System BMIC L9965X Series (13)
- Complete Solution for Power Battery Management System BMIC L9965X Series (14)
- Complete Solution for Power Battery Management System BMIC L9965X Series (15)
- Complete Solution for Power Battery Management System BMIC L9965X Series (16)
- Integrated Solution for Automotive-Grade High-Voltage Power Supply System
- High-Voltage System of Automotive Battery Management System (BMS)
- Main Chip Combinations of BMS (1)
- Main Chip Combinations of BMS (2)
- Wireless BMS Solution (1)
- Wireless BMS Solution (2)
- Wireless BMS Solution (3)
- Wireless BMS Solution (4)
- 6.20 NXP
- Cell Controller
- Battery Sensor
- Safety SBC Chip (1)
- Safety SBC Chip (2)
- Safety SBC Chip (3)
- Battery Communication IC: Wireless BMS Technical Solution (1)
- Battery Communication IC: Wireless BMS Technical Solution (2)
- Battery Communication IC: Wireless BMS Technical Solution (3)
- Battery Communication IC: Wired BMS Technical Solution (1)
- Battery Communication IC: Wired BMS Technical Solution (2)
- Battery Communication IC: Wired BMS Technical Solution (3)
- Battery Communication IC: Wired BMS Technical Solution (4)
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