The Trump administration implemented a new reciprocal tariff policy in April 2025, imposing a global 10% tariff and differential tariffs on 57 countries with trade deficits with the U.S. While the differential tariffs have been suspended for 90 days for most countries (except China), this policy signals a return to "America First" principles, with tariffs becoming a central trade policy tool to reshape global supply chains and stimulate domestic manufacturing. This report analyzes the tariff implementation, exemption mechanisms, international responses, and strategic implications.
- 1. Reciprocal Tariffs: Narrowing the Deficit, Boosting U.S. Manufacturing
- 1.1 90-Day Deferral in Place; 10% Global Tariff Still Applies
- 1.1.1 Timeline and Policy Rollout
- 1.1.2 China Faces Escalating Tariffs
- 1.1.3 Differentiated Tariff Measures on Key Trade Partners
- 1.1.4 Strategic Implications: A Shift from Multilateralism to Bilateral Leverage
- 1.2 Tariff Exemptions Extended to Key ICT Products
- 1.2.1 Initial Scope Covered Strategic Goods, Section 232 Items, USMCA Goods, and U.S.-Origin Components
- 1.2.2 Second Tariff Exemption List Focuses on Critical ICT Products the U.S. Depends on for Imports
- 2. Government Responses: Bilateral Negotiations and Countermeasures, Domestic Industry Support
- 2.1 Mexico, Japan, Vietnam, South Korea, Taiwan, India, and the UK: Engaged in Negotiations for Exemptions to Mitigate Impact
- 2.2 China, Canada, and the EU: Imposed or Planned Countermeasures to Safeguard National Interests
- 3. MIC Perspective
- Appendix
- List of Companies
- List of Tables
- Table 1: Phase Two Tariff Exemption List: Key Items and U.S. Import Value
- Table 2: Key Countries’ Recent U.S. Negotiation/Countermeasure Strategies and Domestic Industry Support
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