Global Mosquito Control Products and Services Market Research Report - Market Share Analysis, Industry Trends & Statistics, Growth Forecasts (2025 - 2033)
Description
Definition and Scope:
Mosquito control products and services refer to a range of solutions aimed at managing and reducing mosquito populations to minimize their impact on human health and comfort. These products include insecticides, larvicides, repellents, traps, and biological control agents, while services encompass professional mosquito control programs, fogging services, and community-based initiatives. The market for mosquito control products and services is driven by the increasing prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, and West Nile virus. Additionally, growing awareness about the importance of mosquito control in preventing disease transmission, coupled with rising investments in public health initiatives, further fuels the demand for these products and services.
Market trends indicate a shift towards more sustainable and eco-friendly mosquito control solutions, driven by concerns over the environmental impact of traditional chemical insecticides. This has led to the development of innovative products such as biological larvicides, which target mosquito larvae without harming other organisms in the ecosystem. Furthermore, technological advancements have enabled the introduction of smart mosquito traps and monitoring systems that provide real-time data on mosquito populations, aiding in more effective and targeted control efforts. In addition, the market is witnessing an increasing focus on integrated mosquito management approaches that combine multiple control methods to achieve long-term and comprehensive mosquito control.
The market for mosquito control products and services is also influenced by factors such as urbanization, climate change, and government regulations. Rapid urbanization creates conducive environments for mosquito breeding, leading to higher demand for control measures in urban areas. Climate change, with its impact on mosquito habitats and breeding patterns, poses challenges that drive the need for adaptive and resilient mosquito control strategies. Moreover, government initiatives and regulations play a significant role in shaping the market, with many countries implementing vector control programs and public health campaigns to combat mosquito-borne diseases. Overall, the market for mosquito control products and services is dynamic, with evolving trends towards sustainability, innovation, and integrated approaches in mosquito management.
This report offers a comprehensive analysis of the global Mosquito Control Products and Services market, examining all key dimensions. It provides both a macro-level overview and micro-level market details, including market size, trends, competitive landscape, niche segments, growth drivers, and key challenges.
Report Framework and Key Highlights:
Market Dynamics: Identification of major market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges.
Trend Analysis: Examination of ongoing and emerging trends impacting the market.
Competitive Landscape: Detailed profiles and market positioning of major players, including market share, operational status, product offerings, and strategic developments.
Strategic Analysis Tools: SWOT Analysis, Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, PEST Analysis, Value Chain Analysis
Market Segmentation: By type, application, region, and end-user industry.
Forecasting and Growth Projections: In-depth revenue forecasts and CAGR analysis through 2033.
This report equips readers with critical insights to navigate competitive dynamics and develop effective strategies. Whether assessing a new market entry or refining existing strategies, the report serves as a valuable tool for:
Industry players
Investors
Researchers
Consultants
Business strategists
And all stakeholders with an interest or investment in the Mosquito Control Products and Services market.
Global Mosquito Control Products and Services Market: Segmentation Analysis and Strategic Insights
This section of the report provides an in-depth segmentation analysis of the global Mosquito Control Products and Services market. The market is segmented based on region (country), manufacturer, product type, and application. Segmentation enables a more precise understanding of market dynamics and facilitates targeted strategies across product development, marketing, and sales.
By breaking the market into meaningful subsets, stakeholders can better tailor their offerings to the specific needs of each segment—enhancing competitiveness and improving return on investment.
Global Mosquito Control Products and Services Market: Market Segmentation Analysis
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), manufacturers, Type, and Application. Market segmentation creates subsets of a market based on product type, end-user or application, Geographic, and other factors. By understanding the market segments, the decision-maker can leverage this targeting in the product, sales, and marketing strategies. Market segments can power your product development cycles by informing how you create product offerings for different segments.
Key Companies Profiled
Rentokil Initial
Mosquito Squad
Rollins
Ecolab
Clarke
Terminix
Lawn Doctor
Massey Services
Mosquito Shield
Mosquito Joe
Mosquito Authority
Arrow Exterminators
Poulin’s Pest Control
Anticimex
Turner Pest Control
IKARI SHODOKU
Market Segmentation by Type
Mosquito Control Products
Mosquito Control Services
Market Segmentation by Application
Government
Commercial
Residential
Geographic Segmentation
North America: United States, Canada, Mexico
Europe: Germany, France, Italy, U.K., Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Russia.
Asia-Pacific: China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
South America: Brazil, Argentina, Colombia.
Middle East and Africa (MEA): Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Rest of MEA
Report Framework and Chapter Summary
Chapter 1: Report Scope and Market Definition
This chapter outlines the statistical boundaries and scope of the report. It defines the segmentation standards used throughout the study, including criteria for dividing the market by region, product type, application, and other relevant dimensions. It establishes the foundational definitions and classifications that guide the rest of the analysis.
Chapter 2: Executive Summary
This chapter presents a concise summary of the market’s current status and future outlook across different segments—by geography, product type, and application. It includes key metrics such as market size, growth trends, and development potential for each segment. The chapter offers a high-level overview of the Mosquito Control Products and Services Market, highlighting its evolution over the short, medium, and long term.
Chapter 3: Market Dynamics and Policy Environment
This chapter explores the latest developments in the market, identifying key growth drivers, restraints, challenges, and risks faced by industry participants. It also includes an analysis of the policy and regulatory landscape affecting the market, providing insight into how external factors may shape future performance.
Chapter 4: Competitive Landscape
This chapter provides a detailed assessment of the market's competitive environment. It covers market share, production capacity, output, pricing trends, and strategic developments such as mergers, acquisitions, and expansion plans of leading players. This analysis offers a comprehensive view of the positioning and performance of top competitors.
Chapters 5–10: Regional Market Analysis
These chapters offer in-depth, quantitative evaluations of market size and growth potential across major regions and countries. Each chapter assesses regional consumption patterns, market dynamics, development prospects, and available capacity. The analysis helps readers understand geographical differences and opportunities in global markets.
Chapter 11: Market Segmentation by Product Type
This chapter examines the market based on product type, analyzing the size, growth trends, and potential of each segment. It helps stakeholders identify underexplored or high-potential product categories—often referred to as “blue ocean” opportunities.
Chapter 12: Market Segmentation by Application
This chapter analyzes the market based on application fields, providing insights into the scale and future development of each application segment. It supports readers in identifying high-growth areas across downstream markets.
Chapter 13: Company Profiles
This chapter presents comprehensive profiles of leading companies operating in the market. For each company, it details sales revenue, volume, pricing, gross profit margin, market share, product offerings, and recent strategic developments. This section offers valuable insight into corporate performance and strategy.
Chapter 14: Industry Chain and Value Chain Analysis
This chapter explores the full industry chain, from upstream raw material suppliers to downstream application sectors. It includes a value chain analysis that highlights the interconnections and dependencies across various parts of the ecosystem.
Chapter 15: Key Findings and Conclusions
The final chapter summarizes the main takeaways from the report, presenting the core conclusions, strategic recommendations, and implications for stakeholders. It encapsulates the insights drawn from all previous chapters.
Mosquito control products and services refer to a range of solutions aimed at managing and reducing mosquito populations to minimize their impact on human health and comfort. These products include insecticides, larvicides, repellents, traps, and biological control agents, while services encompass professional mosquito control programs, fogging services, and community-based initiatives. The market for mosquito control products and services is driven by the increasing prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, and West Nile virus. Additionally, growing awareness about the importance of mosquito control in preventing disease transmission, coupled with rising investments in public health initiatives, further fuels the demand for these products and services.
Market trends indicate a shift towards more sustainable and eco-friendly mosquito control solutions, driven by concerns over the environmental impact of traditional chemical insecticides. This has led to the development of innovative products such as biological larvicides, which target mosquito larvae without harming other organisms in the ecosystem. Furthermore, technological advancements have enabled the introduction of smart mosquito traps and monitoring systems that provide real-time data on mosquito populations, aiding in more effective and targeted control efforts. In addition, the market is witnessing an increasing focus on integrated mosquito management approaches that combine multiple control methods to achieve long-term and comprehensive mosquito control.
The market for mosquito control products and services is also influenced by factors such as urbanization, climate change, and government regulations. Rapid urbanization creates conducive environments for mosquito breeding, leading to higher demand for control measures in urban areas. Climate change, with its impact on mosquito habitats and breeding patterns, poses challenges that drive the need for adaptive and resilient mosquito control strategies. Moreover, government initiatives and regulations play a significant role in shaping the market, with many countries implementing vector control programs and public health campaigns to combat mosquito-borne diseases. Overall, the market for mosquito control products and services is dynamic, with evolving trends towards sustainability, innovation, and integrated approaches in mosquito management.
This report offers a comprehensive analysis of the global Mosquito Control Products and Services market, examining all key dimensions. It provides both a macro-level overview and micro-level market details, including market size, trends, competitive landscape, niche segments, growth drivers, and key challenges.
Report Framework and Key Highlights:
Market Dynamics: Identification of major market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges.
Trend Analysis: Examination of ongoing and emerging trends impacting the market.
Competitive Landscape: Detailed profiles and market positioning of major players, including market share, operational status, product offerings, and strategic developments.
Strategic Analysis Tools: SWOT Analysis, Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, PEST Analysis, Value Chain Analysis
Market Segmentation: By type, application, region, and end-user industry.
Forecasting and Growth Projections: In-depth revenue forecasts and CAGR analysis through 2033.
This report equips readers with critical insights to navigate competitive dynamics and develop effective strategies. Whether assessing a new market entry or refining existing strategies, the report serves as a valuable tool for:
Industry players
Investors
Researchers
Consultants
Business strategists
And all stakeholders with an interest or investment in the Mosquito Control Products and Services market.
Global Mosquito Control Products and Services Market: Segmentation Analysis and Strategic Insights
This section of the report provides an in-depth segmentation analysis of the global Mosquito Control Products and Services market. The market is segmented based on region (country), manufacturer, product type, and application. Segmentation enables a more precise understanding of market dynamics and facilitates targeted strategies across product development, marketing, and sales.
By breaking the market into meaningful subsets, stakeholders can better tailor their offerings to the specific needs of each segment—enhancing competitiveness and improving return on investment.
Global Mosquito Control Products and Services Market: Market Segmentation Analysis
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), manufacturers, Type, and Application. Market segmentation creates subsets of a market based on product type, end-user or application, Geographic, and other factors. By understanding the market segments, the decision-maker can leverage this targeting in the product, sales, and marketing strategies. Market segments can power your product development cycles by informing how you create product offerings for different segments.
Key Companies Profiled
Rentokil Initial
Mosquito Squad
Rollins
Ecolab
Clarke
Terminix
Lawn Doctor
Massey Services
Mosquito Shield
Mosquito Joe
Mosquito Authority
Arrow Exterminators
Poulin’s Pest Control
Anticimex
Turner Pest Control
IKARI SHODOKU
Market Segmentation by Type
Mosquito Control Products
Mosquito Control Services
Market Segmentation by Application
Government
Commercial
Residential
Geographic Segmentation
North America: United States, Canada, Mexico
Europe: Germany, France, Italy, U.K., Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Russia.
Asia-Pacific: China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
South America: Brazil, Argentina, Colombia.
Middle East and Africa (MEA): Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Rest of MEA
Report Framework and Chapter Summary
Chapter 1: Report Scope and Market Definition
This chapter outlines the statistical boundaries and scope of the report. It defines the segmentation standards used throughout the study, including criteria for dividing the market by region, product type, application, and other relevant dimensions. It establishes the foundational definitions and classifications that guide the rest of the analysis.
Chapter 2: Executive Summary
This chapter presents a concise summary of the market’s current status and future outlook across different segments—by geography, product type, and application. It includes key metrics such as market size, growth trends, and development potential for each segment. The chapter offers a high-level overview of the Mosquito Control Products and Services Market, highlighting its evolution over the short, medium, and long term.
Chapter 3: Market Dynamics and Policy Environment
This chapter explores the latest developments in the market, identifying key growth drivers, restraints, challenges, and risks faced by industry participants. It also includes an analysis of the policy and regulatory landscape affecting the market, providing insight into how external factors may shape future performance.
Chapter 4: Competitive Landscape
This chapter provides a detailed assessment of the market's competitive environment. It covers market share, production capacity, output, pricing trends, and strategic developments such as mergers, acquisitions, and expansion plans of leading players. This analysis offers a comprehensive view of the positioning and performance of top competitors.
Chapters 5–10: Regional Market Analysis
These chapters offer in-depth, quantitative evaluations of market size and growth potential across major regions and countries. Each chapter assesses regional consumption patterns, market dynamics, development prospects, and available capacity. The analysis helps readers understand geographical differences and opportunities in global markets.
Chapter 11: Market Segmentation by Product Type
This chapter examines the market based on product type, analyzing the size, growth trends, and potential of each segment. It helps stakeholders identify underexplored or high-potential product categories—often referred to as “blue ocean” opportunities.
Chapter 12: Market Segmentation by Application
This chapter analyzes the market based on application fields, providing insights into the scale and future development of each application segment. It supports readers in identifying high-growth areas across downstream markets.
Chapter 13: Company Profiles
This chapter presents comprehensive profiles of leading companies operating in the market. For each company, it details sales revenue, volume, pricing, gross profit margin, market share, product offerings, and recent strategic developments. This section offers valuable insight into corporate performance and strategy.
Chapter 14: Industry Chain and Value Chain Analysis
This chapter explores the full industry chain, from upstream raw material suppliers to downstream application sectors. It includes a value chain analysis that highlights the interconnections and dependencies across various parts of the ecosystem.
Chapter 15: Key Findings and Conclusions
The final chapter summarizes the main takeaways from the report, presenting the core conclusions, strategic recommendations, and implications for stakeholders. It encapsulates the insights drawn from all previous chapters.
Table of Contents
166 Pages
- 1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
- 1.1 Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Definition
- 1.2 Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Segments
- 1.2.1 Segment by Type
- 1.2.2 Segment by Application
- 2 Executive Summary
- 2.1 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size
- 2.2 Market Segmentation – by Type
- 2.3 Market Segmentation – by Application
- 2.4 Market Segmentation – by Geography
- 3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
- 3.1 Key Takeway
- 3.2 Market Opportunities & Trends
- 3.3 Market Drivers
- 3.4 Market Restraints
- 3.5 Market Major Factor Assessment
- 4 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Competitive Landscape
- 4.1 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
- 4.2 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
- 4.3 Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
- 4.4 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
- 4.5 Mergers & Acquisitions
- 5 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market by Region
- 5.1 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Region
- 5.1.1 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Region
- 5.1.2 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size Market Share by Region
- 5.2 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Sales by Region
- 5.2.1 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Sales by Region
- 5.2.2 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Sales Market Share by Region
- 6 North America Market Overview
- 6.1 North America Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Country
- 6.1.1 USA Market Overview
- 6.1.2 Canada Market Overview
- 6.1.3 Mexico Market Overview
- 6.2 North America Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Type
- 6.3 North America Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Application
- 6.4 Top Players in North America Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market
- 7 Europe Market Overview
- 7.1 Europe Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Country
- 7.1.1 Germany Market Overview
- 7.1.2 France Market Overview
- 7.1.3 U.K. Market Overview
- 7.1.4 Italy Market Overview
- 7.1.5 Spain Market Overview
- 7.1.6 Sweden Market Overview
- 7.1.7 Denmark Market Overview
- 7.1.8 Netherlands Market Overview
- 7.1.9 Switzerland Market Overview
- 7.1.10 Belgium Market Overview
- 7.1.11 Russia Market Overview
- 7.2 Europe Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Type
- 7.3 Europe Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Application
- 7.4 Top Players in Europe Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market
- 8 Asia-Pacific Market Overview
- 8.1 Asia-Pacific Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Country
- 8.1.1 China Market Overview
- 8.1.2 Japan Market Overview
- 8.1.3 South Korea Market Overview
- 8.1.4 India Market Overview
- 8.1.5 Australia Market Overview
- 8.1.6 Indonesia Market Overview
- 8.1.7 Malaysia Market Overview
- 8.1.8 Philippines Market Overview
- 8.1.9 Singapore Market Overview
- 8.1.10 Thailand Market Overview
- 8.1.11 Rest of APAC Market Overview
- 8.2 Asia-Pacific Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Type
- 8.3 Asia-Pacific Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Application
- 8.4 Top Players in Asia-Pacific Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market
- 9 South America Market Overview
- 9.1 South America Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Country
- 9.1.1 Brazil Market Overview
- 9.1.2 Argentina Market Overview
- 9.1.3 Columbia Market Overview
- 9.2 South America Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Type
- 9.3 South America Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Application
- 9.4 Top Players in South America Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market
- 10 Middle East and Africa Market Overview
- 10.1 Middle East and Africa Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Country
- 10.1.1 Saudi Arabia Market Overview
- 10.1.2 UAE Market Overview
- 10.1.3 Egypt Market Overview
- 10.1.4 Nigeria Market Overview
- 10.1.5 South Africa Market Overview
- 10.2 Middle East and Africa Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Type
- 10.3 Middle East and Africa Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size by Application
- 10.4 Top Players in Middle East and Africa Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market
- 11 Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Segmentation by Type
- 11.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
- 11.2 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2033)
- 11.3 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size Market Share by Type (2020-2033)
- 11.4 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Price by Type (2020-2033)
- 12 Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Segmentation by Application
- 12.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
- 12.2 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Sales by Application (2020-2033)
- 12.3 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market Size (M USD) by Application (2020-2033)
- 12.4 Global Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Sales Growth Rate by Application (2020-2033)
- 13 Company Profiles
- 13.1 Cytiva
- 13.1.1 Cytiva Company Overview
- 13.1.2 Cytiva Business Overview
- 13.1.3 Cytiva Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Major Product Offerings
- 13.1.4 Cytiva Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Sales and Revenue fromBiomolecular Interaction Analyzer (2020-2025)
- 13.1.5 Key News
- 13.2 Sartorius
- 13.2.1 Sartorius Company Overview
- 13.2.2 Sartorius Business Overview
- 13.2.3 Sartorius Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Major Product Offerings
- 13.2.4 Sartorius Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Sales and Revenue fromBiomolecular Interaction Analyzer (2020-2025)
- 13.2.5 Key News
- 13.3 NanoTemper
- 13.3.1 NanoTemper Company Overview
- 13.3.2 NanoTemper Business Overview
- 13.3.3 NanoTemper Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Major Product Offerings
- 13.3.4 NanoTemper Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Sales and Revenue fromBiomolecular Interaction Analyzer (2020-2025)
- 13.3.5 Key News
- 13.4 Malvern PANalytical
- 13.4.1 Malvern PANalytical Company Overview
- 13.4.2 Malvern PANalytical Business Overview
- 13.4.3 Malvern PANalytical Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Major Product Offerings
- 13.4.4 Malvern PANalytical Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Sales and Revenue fromBiomolecular Interaction Analyzer (2020-2025)
- 13.4.5 Key News
- 13.5 Reichert
- 13.5.1 Reichert Company Overview
- 13.5.2 Reichert Business Overview
- 13.5.3 Reichert Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Major Product Offerings
- 13.5.4 Reichert Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Sales and Revenue fromBiomolecular Interaction Analyzer (2020-2025)
- 13.5.5 Key News
- 13.6 Nicoya
- 13.6.1 Nicoya Company Overview
- 13.6.2 Nicoya Business Overview
- 13.6.3 Nicoya Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Major Product Offerings
- 13.6.4 Nicoya Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Sales and Revenue fromBiomolecular Interaction Analyzer (2020-2025)
- 13.6.5 Key News
- 13.7 Gator
- 13.7.1 Gator Company Overview
- 13.7.2 Gator Business Overview
- 13.7.3 Gator Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Major Product Offerings
- 13.7.4 Gator Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Sales and Revenue fromBiomolecular Interaction Analyzer (2020-2025)
- 13.7.5 Key News
- 13.8 Inter-Bio
- 13.8.1 Inter-Bio Company Overview
- 13.8.2 Inter-Bio Business Overview
- 13.8.3 Inter-Bio Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Major Product Offerings
- 13.8.4 Inter-Bio Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Sales and Revenue fromBiomolecular Interaction Analyzer (2020-2025)
- 13.8.5 Key News
- 14 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
- 14.1 Key Takeway
- 14.2 Market Opportunities & Trends
- 14.3 Market Drivers
- 14.4 Market Restraints
- 14.5 Market Major Factor Assessment
- 14.6 Porter's Five Forces Analysis of Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market
- 14.7 PEST Analysis of Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Market
- 15 Analysis of the Biomolecular Interaction Analyzer Industry Chain
- 15.1 Overview of the Industry Chain
- 15.2 Upstream Segment Analysis
- 15.3 Midstream Segment Analysis
- 15.3.1 Manufacturing, Processing or Conversion Process Analysis
- 15.3.2 Key Technology Analysis
- 15.4 Downstream Segment Analysis
- 15.4.1 Downstream Customer List and Contact Details
- 15.4.2 Customer Concerns or Preference Analysis
- 16 Conclusion
- 17 Appendix
- 17.1 Methodology
- 17.2 Research Process and Data Source
- 17.3 Disclaimer
- 17.4 Note
- 17.5 Examples of Clients
- 17.6 Disclaimer
Pricing
Currency Rates
Questions or Comments?
Our team has the ability to search within reports to verify it suits your needs. We can also help maximize your budget by finding sections of reports you can purchase.
