Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis Report By Solution (Content Moderation Services, Content Moderation Software), By Spending Area (In-house Spending, Outsourced), By Vertical / Spender (e-Commerce, Government), By Region - Global Insights 2022-2032
Content Moderation Solutions Market- Scope of Report
A recent study by Fact.MR on the content moderation solutions market offers a 10-year forecast for 2022 to 2032. The study analyzes crucial trends that are currently determining the growth of the market. This report explicates vital dynamics, such as the drivers, restraints, and opportunities for key market players along with key stakeholders as well as emerging associated with offering content moderation solutions.
The study also provides the dynamics responsible for influencing the future status of the content moderation solutions market over the forecast period. A detailed assessment of value chain analysis, business execution, and supply chain analysis across regional markets has been covered in the report.
A list of prominent companies operating in the content moderation solutions market, along with their product portfolios, enhances the reliability of this comprehensive research study.
Report Summary
The study offers a comprehensive analysis of diverse features, including production capacities, demand, product developments, revenue generation, and sales of content moderation solutions across the globe.
A comprehensive estimate of the market has been provided through an optimistic as well as a conservative scenario, considering the sales of content moderation solutions during the forecast period. Price point comparison by region with the global average price is also considered in the study.
Analysis on Market Size Evaluation
The market has been analyzed for each segment in terms of volume (units) and value (US$ Mn).
Estimates at global and regional levels for the content moderation solutions market are available in terms of “US$ Bn” for value and Volume (units). A Y-o-Y growth contrast on prominent market segments, along with market attractiveness evaluation, has been incorporated in the report. Furthermore, absolute dollar opportunity analysis of all the segments adds prominence to the report. Absolute dollar opportunity plays a crucial role in assessing the level of opportunity that a manufacturer/distributor can look to achieve, along with identifying potential resources, considering the sales and distribution perspective in the global content moderation solutions market.
Inspected Assessment on Regional Segments
Key sections have been elaborated in the report, which has helped deliver projections on regional markets. These chapters include regional macros (political, economic, and business environment outlook), which are expected to have a momentous influence on the growth of the content moderation solutions market during the forecast period.
Country-specific valuation on demand for content moderation solutions has been offered for each region, along with market scope estimates and forecasts, price index, and impact analysis of the dynamics of prominence in regions and countries. For all regional markets, Y-o-Y growth estimates have also been incorporated in the report.
Detailed breakup in terms of value & Volume (units) for emerging countries has also been included in the report.
In-depth Analysis on Competition Analysis
The report sheds light on leading providers of content moderation solutions along with their detailed profiles. Essential and up-to-date data related to market performers who are principally engaged in producing Content Moderation Solutions equipment have been brought with the help of a detailed dashboard view. Market share analysis and comparison of prominent players provided in the report permit report readers to take preemptive steps in advancing their businesses.
Company profiles have been included in the report, which includes essentials such as product portfolios and key strategies, along with an all-inclusive SWOT analysis on each player. Company presence is mapped and presented through a matrix for all the prominent players, thus providing readers with actionable insights, which helps in thoughtfully presenting the market status, and predicting the competition in the content moderation solutions domain.
- 1. Executive Summary
- 1.1. Global Market Outlook
- 1.2. Demand Side Trends
- 1.3. Supply Side Trends
- 1.4. Fact.MR Analysis and Recommendations
- 2. Market Overview
- 2.1. Market Coverage / Taxonomy
- 2.2. Market Definition / Scope / Limitations
- 3. Market Risks & Trends Assessment
- 3.1. COVID-19 Impact Benchmark with Previous Crisis
- 3.1.1. Change in Content Moderation Solution Demand and Consumption Growth
- 3.1.2. Before and After COVID-19 Crisis (Projected)
- 3.1.3. Before and after SARS Pandemic (Actual)
- 3.1.4. Before and After Sub-prime Crisis – 2008 (Actual)
- 3.1.5. Change in Demand post Recovery Period (After Each Crisis)
- 3.2. Impact on Market Value (US$ Mn)
- 3.2.1. Likely Loss of Value in 2020
- 3.2.2. Mid-term and Long Term Forecast
- 3.2.3. Quarter by Quarter Dip and Recovery Assessment
- 3.3. Anticipated Demand Value (US$ Mn) Recovery Curve
- 3.3.1. Likelihood of U-Shape Recovery
- 3.3.2. Likelihood of L-Shape Recovery
- 3.4. Recovery Period Assessment by Key Countries
- 3.5. Forecast for Fishing Reels Market
- 4. Market Background and Foundation Data Points
- 4.1. Content Moderation Solutions
- 4.2. Growth in Demand for Content Moderation, by Content Category
- 4.3. Users Time (in hours/day) Spent on Media and Platforms, by Age Group
- 4.4. Video and Image Uploads on Key Social Media Platforms (Per Day)
- 4.5. Cloud Computing Services Consolidates as Industry’s Growth Engine
- 4.6. AI, ML & IoT to drive demand for IT Services
- 4.7. Global Smartphone Ownership Penetration, 2020
- 4.8. AI Content Moderation Architecture
- 4.9. Key Categories of IT Industry: 2020
- 4.10. Key Categories of IT Industry: 2020
- 4.11. Internet Penetration: Segmentation
- 4.12. Global Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis: 2017-2032
- 4.13. Content Moderation Solutions Market Scenario Forecast
- 4.14. Market Dynamics
- 4.14.1. Drivers
- 4.14.2. Restraints
- 4.14.3. Opportunity Analysis
- 4.14.4. Trend
- 4.15. Forecast Factors - Relevance & Impact
- 4.15.1. IT Industry Growth Rate
- 4.15.2. Internet Penetration
- 4.15.3. Top Companies Historical Growth
- 4.15.4. Smart Phone Adoption
- 4.15.5. Imposition of Governmental Regulations
- 5. Global Content Moderation Solutions Market - Pricing Analysis
- 5.1. Regional Pricing Analysis by Solutions
- 5.2. Pricing Break-up
- 5.3. Global Average Pricing Analysis Benchmark
- 6. Global Content Moderation Solutions Market Demand (in Value or Size in US$ Mn) Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast, 2022-2032
- 6.1. Historical Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis, 2017-2021
- 6.2. Current and Future Market Value (US$ Mn) Projections, 2022-2032
- 6.2.1. Y-o-Y Growth Trend Analysis
- 6.2.2. Absolute $ Opportunity Analysis
- 7. Global Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Solutions
- 7.1. Introduction / Key Findings
- 7.2. Historical Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis by Solutions, 2017-2021
- 7.3. Current and Future Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast by Solutions, 2022-2032
- 7.3.1. Content Moderation Services
- 7.3.2. Content Moderation Software
- 7.3.2.1. Cloud
- 7.3.2.2. On-Premises
- 7.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis By Solutions
- 8. Global Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Spending Areas
- 8.1. Introduction / Key Findings
- 8.2. Historical Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis by Spending Areas, 2017-2021
- 8.3. Current and Future Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast By Spending Areas, 2022-2032
- 8.3.1. In-House Spending
- 8.3.2. Outsourced (Content Moderation BPO)
- 8.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis By Spending Areas
- 9. Global Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Vertical / Spender
- 9.1. Introduction / Key Findings
- 9.2. Historical Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis By Vertical / Spender, 2017-2021
- 9.3. Current and Future Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast By Vertical / Spender, 2022-2032
- 9.3.1. Communications, Media and Services
- 9.3.2. E-Commerce
- 9.3.3. Government
- 9.3.4. Other Verticals
- 9.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis By Vertical / Spender
- 10. Global Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032, By Region
- 10.1. Introduction / Key Findings
- 10.2. Historical Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis By Region, 2017-2021
- 10.3. Current and Future Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast By Region, 2022-2032
- 10.3.1. Americas
- 10.3.2. EMEA
- 10.3.3. East Asia
- 10.3.4. South Asia & Oceania
- 10.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis By Region
- 11. Americas Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032
- 11.1. Introduction / Key Findings
- 11.2. Pricing Analysis
- 11.3. Historical Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis By Region, 2017-2021
- 11.4. Current and Future Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast By Region, 2022-2032
- 11.4.1. By Country
- 11.4.1.1. U.S.
- 11.4.1.2. Canada
- 11.4.1.3. Brazil
- 11.4.1.4. Mexico
- 11.4.1.5. Rest of Americas
- 11.4.2. By Solutions
- 11.4.3. By Spending Areas
- 11.4.4. By Vertical / Spender
- 11.5. Market Attractiveness Analysis
- 11.5.1. By Country
- 11.5.2. By Solutions
- 11.5.3. By Spending Areas
- 11.5.4. By Vertical / Spender
- 12. EMEA Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032
- 12.1. Introduction / Key Findings
- 12.2. Pricing Analysis
- 12.3. Historical Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis by Region, 2017-2021
- 12.4. Current and Future Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast by Region, 2022-2032
- 12.4.1. By Country
- 12.4.1.1. Germany
- 12.4.1.2. Italy
- 12.4.1.3. France
- 12.4.1.4. Spain
- 12.4.1.5. U.K.
- 12.4.1.6. Russia
- 12.4.1.7. GCC Countries
- 12.4.1.8. Rest of EMEA
- 12.4.2. By Solutions
- 12.4.3. By Spending Areas
- 12.4.4. By Vertical / Spender
- 12.5. Market Attractiveness Analysis
- 12.5.1. By Country
- 12.5.2. By Solutions
- 12.5.3. By Spending Areas
- 12.5.4. By Vertical / Spender
- 13. East Asia Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032
- 13.1. Introduction / Key Findings
- 13.2. Pricing Analysis
- 13.3. Historical Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis by Region, 2017-2021
- 13.4. Current and Future Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast by Region, 2022-2032
- 13.4.1. By Country
- 13.4.1.1. China
- 13.4.1.2. Japan
- 13.4.1.3. South Korea
- 13.4.2. By Solutions
- 13.4.3. By Spending Areas
- 13.4.4. By Vertical / Spender
- 13.5. Market Attractiveness Analysis
- 13.5.1. By Country
- 13.5.2. By Solutions
- 13.5.3. By Spending Areas
- 13.5.4. By Vertical / Spender
- 14. South Asia & Oceania Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032
- 14.1. Introduction / Key Findings
- 14.2. Pricing Analysis
- 14.3. Historical Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis By Region, 2017-2021
- 14.4. Current and Future Market Value (US$ Mn) Analysis and Forecast By Region, 2022-2032
- 14.4.1. By Country
- 14.4.1.1. India
- 14.4.1.2. ASEAN
- 14.4.1.3. Australia
- 14.4.1.4. New Zealand
- 14.4.1.5. Rest of South Asia & Oceania
- 14.4.2. By Solutions
- 14.4.3. By Spending Areas
- 14.4.4. By Vertical / Spender
- 14.5. Market Attractiveness Analysis
- 14.5.1. By Country
- 14.5.2. By Solutions
- 14.5.3. By Spending Areas
- 14.5.4. By Vertical / Spender
- 15. Key Countries Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis 2017-2021 and Forecast 2022-2032
- 15.1. US Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.1.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy
- 15.1.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.1.2.1. By Solution
- 15.1.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.1.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.2. Canada Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.2.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy,
- 15.2.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.2.2.1. By Solution
- 15.2.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.2.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.3. Mexico Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.3.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy,
- 15.3.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.3.2.1. By Solution
- 15.3.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.3.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.4. Brazil Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.4.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy,
- 15.4.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.4.2.1. By Solution
- 15.4.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.4.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.5. Germany Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.5.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy,
- 15.5.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.5.2.1. By Solution
- 15.5.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.5.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.6. France Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.6.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy,
- 15.6.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.6.2.1. By Solution
- 15.6.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.6.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.7. Italy Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.7.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy,
- 15.7.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.7.2.1. By Solution
- 15.7.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.7.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.8. U.K. Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.8.1. Introduction
- 15.8.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy
- 15.8.3. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.8.3.1. By Solution
- 15.8.3.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.8.3.3. By Spending Area
- 15.9. Spain Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.9.1. Introduction
- 15.9.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy
- 15.9.3. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.9.3.1. By Solution
- 15.9.3.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.9.3.3. By Spending Area
- 15.10. Russia Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.10.1. Introduction
- 15.10.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy
- 15.10.3. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.10.3.1. By Solution
- 15.10.3.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.10.3.3. By Spending Area
- 15.11. China Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.11.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy
- 15.11.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.11.2.1. By Solution
- 15.11.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.11.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.12. Japan Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.12.1. Introduction
- 15.12.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy
- 15.12.3. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.12.3.1. By Solution
- 15.12.3.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.12.3.3. By Spending Area
- 15.13. South Korea Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.13.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy
- 15.13.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.13.2.1. By Solution
- 15.13.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.13.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.14. India Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.14.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy,
- 15.14.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.14.2.1. By Solution
- 15.14.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.14.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.15. Thailand Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.15.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021
- 15.15.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.15.2.1. By Solution
- 15.15.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.15.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.16. Indonesia Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.16.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy,
- 15.16.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.16.2.1. By Solution
- 15.16.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.16.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.17. Philippines Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.17.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy,
- 15.17.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.17.2.1. By Solution
- 15.17.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.17.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.18. Singapore Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.18.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021
- 15.18.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.18.2.1. By Solution
- 15.18.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.18.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.19. Australia Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.19.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021
- 15.19.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.19.2.1. By Solution
- 15.19.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.19.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.20. New Zealand Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.20.1. Introduction
- 15.20.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy
- 15.20.3. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.20.3.1. By Solution
- 15.20.3.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.20.3.3. By Spending Area
- 15.21. South Africa Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.21.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021
- 15.21.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.21.2.1. By Solution
- 15.21.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.21.2.3. By Spending Area
- 15.22. Turkey Content Moderation Solutions Market Analysis and Forecast
- 15.22.1. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) Trend Analysis By Market Taxonomy, 2017-2021
- 15.22.2. Market Size (US$ Mn) Forecast By Market Taxonomy, 2022-2032
- 15.22.2.1. By Solution
- 15.22.2.2. By Vertical / Spender
- 15.22.2.3. By Spending Area
- 16. Market Structure Analysis
- 16.1. Market Analysis by Tier of Companies (Content Moderation Solution)
- 16.2. Market Concentration
- 16.3. Market Share Analysis of Top Players
- 16.4. Market Presence Analysis
- 17. Competition Analysis
- 17.1. Competition Dashboard
- 17.2. Competition Benchmarking
- 17.3. Competition Deep Dive
- 17.3.1. Alphabet Inc.
- 17.3.1.1. Overview
- 17.3.1.2. Product Portfolio
- 17.3.1.3. Segmental Revenue
- 17.3.1.4. Regional Revenue
- 17.3.1.5. Production clusters & Capacity*
- 17.3.1.6. SWOT analysis
- 17.3.2. Microsoft Corporation
- 17.3.2.1. Overview
- 17.3.2.2. Product Portfolio
- 17.3.2.3. Segmental Revenue
- 17.3.2.4. Regional Revenue
- 17.3.2.5. Production clusters & Capacity*
- 17.3.2.6. SWOT analysis
- 17.3.3. HCL Technologies Limited
- 17.3.3.1. Overview
- 17.3.3.2. Product Portfolio
- 17.3.3.3. Segmental Revenue
- 17.3.3.4. Regional Revenue
- 17.3.3.5. Production clusters & Capacity*
- 17.3.3.6. SWOT analysis
- 17.3.4. Accenture PLC
- 17.3.4.1. Overview
- 17.3.4.2. Product Portfolio
- 17.3.4.3. Segmental Revenue
- 17.3.4.4. Regional Revenue
- 17.3.4.5. Production clusters & Capacity*
- 17.3.4.6. SWOT analysis
- 17.3.5. Alibaba Group Holding Limited
- 17.3.5.1. Overview
- 17.3.5.2. Product Portfolio
- 17.3.5.3. Segmental Revenue
- 17.3.5.4. Regional Revenue
- 17.3.5.5. Production clusters & Capacity*
- 17.3.5.6. SWOT analysis
- 17.3.6. Amazon Inc.
- 17.3.6.1. Overview
- 17.3.6.2. Product Portfolio
- 17.3.6.3. Segmental Revenue
- 17.3.6.4. Regional Revenue
- 17.3.6.5. Production clusters & Capacity*
- 17.3.6.6. SWOT analysis
- 17.3.7. Besedo Global Services AB
- 17.3.7.1. Overview
- 17.3.7.2. Product Portfolio
- 17.3.7.3. Segmental Revenue
- 17.3.7.4. Regional Revenue
- 17.3.7.5. Production clusters & Capacity*
- 17.3.7.6. SWOT analysis
- 17.3.8. Open Access BPO
- 17.3.8.1. Overview
- 17.3.8.2. Product Portfolio
- 17.3.8.3. Segmental Revenue
- 17.3.8.4. Regional Revenue
- 17.3.8.5. Production clusters & Capacity*
- 17.3.8.6. SWOT analysis
- 17.3.9. Clarifai
- 17.3.9.1. Overview
- 17.3.9.2. Product Portfolio
- 17.3.9.3. Segmental Revenue
- 17.3.9.4. Regional Revenue
- 17.3.9.5. Production clusters & Capacity*
- 17.3.9.6. SWOT analysis
- 17.3.10. Imagga Technologies Ltd.
- 17.3.10.1. Overview
- 17.3.10.2. Product Portfolio
- 17.3.10.3. Segmental Revenue
- 17.3.10.4. Regional Revenue
- 17.3.10.5. Production clusters & Capacity
- 17.3.10.6. SWOT analysis
- 18. Appendix
- 19. Research Methodology