Report cover image

Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Analysis and Forecast 2026-2032

Publisher APO Research, Inc.
Published Dec 27, 2025
Length 217 Pages
SKU # APRC20817085

Description

The global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds market is projected to grow from US$ million in 2026 to US$ million by 2032, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of % during the forecast period.

Battery Grade Lithium Compounds's global sales reached XX (Tons) with a value of US$ XX Million, marking an change of XX% compared to the previous year. This performance has positioned SQM as the global sales leader, a title it has maintained for several consecutive years. Notably, SQM's performance in primary markets is also remarkable. In the Chinese market, sales were XX (Tons), a change of XX% from the previous year. In Europe, sales were XX (Tons), showing a year-on-year of XX%. In the US, sales were XX (Tons), a year-on-year change of XX%.

The major global manufacturers in the Battery Grade Lithium Compounds market include SQM, Tianyi Lithium Industry, Tianqi Lithium Corporation, Chengxin Lithium Group, Ganfeng Lithium Group, Albemarle, Yahua Industrial Group, Ruifu Lithium Industry and Allkem, etc. In 2025, the top three vendors accounted for approximately % of the revenue.

In terms of production side, this report researches the Battery Grade Lithium Compounds production, growth rate, market share by manufacturers and by region (region level and country level), from 2021 to 2026, and forecast to 2032.

In terms of consumption side, this report focuses on the sales of Battery Grade Lithium Compounds by region (region level and country level), by Company, by Type and by Application. from 2021 to 2026 and forecast to 2032.

This report presents an overview of global market for Battery Grade Lithium Compounds, capacity, output, revenue and price. Analyses of the global market trends, with historic market revenue or sales data for 2021 - 2025, estimates for 2026, and projections of CAGR through 2032.

This report researches the key producers of Battery Grade Lithium Compounds, also provides the consumption of main regions and countries. Of the upcoming market potential for Battery Grade Lithium Compounds, and key regions or countries of focus to forecast this market into various segments and sub-segments. Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, Middle East, Africa, and Other Countries.

This report focuses on the Battery Grade Lithium Compounds sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking of main manufacturers, data from 2021 to 2026. Identification of the major stakeholders in the global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds market, and analysis of their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues. This report will help stakeholders to understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights and position their businesses and market strategies in a better way.

This report analyzes the segments data by Type and by Application, sales, revenue, and price, from 2021 to 2032. Evaluation and forecast the market size for Battery Grade Lithium Compounds sales, projected growth trends, production technology, application and end-user industry.

Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Segment by Company

SQM
Tianyi Lithium Industry
Tianqi Lithium Corporation
Chengxin Lithium Group
Ganfeng Lithium Group
Albemarle
Yahua Industrial Group
Ruifu Lithium Industry
Allkem
Livent
Youngy Co., Ltd.

Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Segment by Type

Battery Grade Lithium Hydroxide
Battery Grade Lithium Carbonate
Others

Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Segment by Application

Energy Storage Systems
Electric Mobility
Consumer Electronics

Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Segment by Region

North America
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Spain
Netherlands
Switzerland
Sweden
Poland
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Australia
Taiwan
Southeast Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
Israel
Türkiye
GCC Countries

Study Objectives

1. To analyze and research the global status and future forecast, involving, production, value, consumption, growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
2. To present the key manufacturers, capacity, production, revenue, market share, and Recent Developments.
3. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, manufacturers, and Application.
4. To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints, and risks.
5. To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.
6. To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.

Reasons to Buy This Report

1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Battery Grade Lithium Compounds and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in volume and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market.
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally.
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Battery Grade Lithium Compounds.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.

Chapter Outline

Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by type and by application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 3: Battery Grade Lithium Compounds production/output of global and key producers (regions/countries). It provides a quantitative analysis of the production, and development potential of each producer in the next six years.
Chapter 4: Sales (consumption), revenue of Battery Grade Lithium Compounds in global, regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 5: Detailed analysis of Battery Grade Lithium Compounds manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 7: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 8: Provides profiles of key manufacturers, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product descriptions and specifications, Battery Grade Lithium Compounds sales, revenue, price, gross margin, and recent development, etc.
Chapter 9: North America by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 10: Europe by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 11: China by type, by application, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 12: Asia (Excluding China) by type, by application and by region, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 13: South America, Middle East and Africa by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 14: Analysis of industrial chain, sales channel, key raw materials, distributors and customers.
Chapter 15: The main concluding insights of the report.

Please Note: Single-User license will be delivered via PDF from the publisher without the rights to print or to edit.

Table of Contents

217 Pages
1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market by Type
1.2.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Type, 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
1.2.2 Battery Grade Lithium Hydroxide
1.2.3 Battery Grade Lithium Carbonate
1.2.4 Others
1.3 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Application, 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
1.3.2 Energy Storage Systems
1.3.3 Electric Mobility
1.3.4 Consumer Electronics
1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
1.5 Study Goals and Objectives
2 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Dynamics
2.1 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Industry Trends
2.2 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Industry Drivers
2.3 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Industry Opportunities and Challenges
2.4 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Industry Restraints
3 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Production Overview
3.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Production Capacity (2021-2032)
3.2 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Production by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
3.3 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Production by Region
3.3.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Production by Region (2021-2026)
3.3.2 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Production by Region (2027-2032)
3.3.3 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Production Market Share by Region (2021-2032)
3.4 North America
3.5 Europe
3.6 China
3.7 Japan
4 Global Market Growth Prospects
4.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2021-2032)
4.2 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Region
4.2.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
4.2.2 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Region (2021-2026)
4.2.3 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Region (2027-2032)
4.2.4 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue Market Share by Region (2021-2032)
4.3 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2021-2032
4.4 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Region
4.4.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
4.4.2 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Region (2021-2026)
4.4.3 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Region (2027-2032)
4.4.4 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales Market Share by Region (2021-2032)
4.5 North America
4.6 Europe
4.7 China
4.8 Asia (Excluding China)
4.9 South America, Middle East and Africa
5 Market Competitive Landscape by Manufacturers
5.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Manufacturers
5.1.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
5.1.2 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
5.1.3 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Manufacturers Revenue Share Top 10 and Top 5 in 2025
5.2 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Manufacturers
5.2.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
5.2.2 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
5.2.3 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Manufacturers Sales Share Top 10 and Top 5 in 2025
5.3 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales Price by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
5.4 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Key Manufacturers Ranking, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2026
5.5 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Key Manufacturers Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
5.6 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Manufacturers, Product Type & Application
5.7 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Manufacturers Commercialization Time
5.8 Market Competitive Analysis
5.8.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market CR5 and HHI
5.8.2 2025 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3
6 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market by Type
6.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Type
6.1.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Type (2021-2032) & (US$ Million)
6.1.2 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue Market Share by Type (2021-2032)
6.2 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Type
6.2.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Type (2021-2032) & (Tons)
6.2.2 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales Market Share by Type (2021-2032)
6.3 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Type
7 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market by Application
7.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Application
7.1.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Application (2021-2032) & (US$ Million)
7.1.2 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue Market Share by Application (2021-2032)
7.2 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Application
7.2.1 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Application (2021-2032) & (Tons)
7.2.2 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales Market Share by Application (2021-2032)
7.3 Global Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Application
8 Company Profiles
8.1 SQM
8.1.1 SQM Company Information
8.1.2 SQM Business Overview
8.1.3 SQM Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
8.1.4 SQM Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Product Portfolio
8.1.5 SQM Recent Developments
8.2 Tianyi Lithium Industry
8.2.1 Tianyi Lithium Industry Company Information
8.2.2 Tianyi Lithium Industry Business Overview
8.2.3 Tianyi Lithium Industry Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
8.2.4 Tianyi Lithium Industry Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Product Portfolio
8.2.5 Tianyi Lithium Industry Recent Developments
8.3 Tianqi Lithium Corporation
8.3.1 Tianqi Lithium Corporation Company Information
8.3.2 Tianqi Lithium Corporation Business Overview
8.3.3 Tianqi Lithium Corporation Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
8.3.4 Tianqi Lithium Corporation Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Product Portfolio
8.3.5 Tianqi Lithium Corporation Recent Developments
8.4 Chengxin Lithium Group
8.4.1 Chengxin Lithium Group Company Information
8.4.2 Chengxin Lithium Group Business Overview
8.4.3 Chengxin Lithium Group Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
8.4.4 Chengxin Lithium Group Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Product Portfolio
8.4.5 Chengxin Lithium Group Recent Developments
8.5 Ganfeng Lithium Group
8.5.1 Ganfeng Lithium Group Company Information
8.5.2 Ganfeng Lithium Group Business Overview
8.5.3 Ganfeng Lithium Group Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
8.5.4 Ganfeng Lithium Group Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Product Portfolio
8.5.5 Ganfeng Lithium Group Recent Developments
8.6 Albemarle
8.6.1 Albemarle Company Information
8.6.2 Albemarle Business Overview
8.6.3 Albemarle Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
8.6.4 Albemarle Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Product Portfolio
8.6.5 Albemarle Recent Developments
8.7 Yahua Industrial Group
8.7.1 Yahua Industrial Group Company Information
8.7.2 Yahua Industrial Group Business Overview
8.7.3 Yahua Industrial Group Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
8.7.4 Yahua Industrial Group Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Product Portfolio
8.7.5 Yahua Industrial Group Recent Developments
8.8 Ruifu Lithium Industry
8.8.1 Ruifu Lithium Industry Company Information
8.8.2 Ruifu Lithium Industry Business Overview
8.8.3 Ruifu Lithium Industry Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
8.8.4 Ruifu Lithium Industry Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Product Portfolio
8.8.5 Ruifu Lithium Industry Recent Developments
8.9 Allkem
8.9.1 Allkem Company Information
8.9.2 Allkem Business Overview
8.9.3 Allkem Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
8.9.4 Allkem Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Product Portfolio
8.9.5 Allkem Recent Developments
8.10 Livent
8.10.1 Livent Company Information
8.10.2 Livent Business Overview
8.10.3 Livent Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
8.10.4 Livent Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Product Portfolio
8.10.5 Livent Recent Developments
8.11 Youngy Co., Ltd.
8.11.1 Youngy Co., Ltd. Company Information
8.11.2 Youngy Co., Ltd. Business Overview
8.11.3 Youngy Co., Ltd. Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
8.11.4 Youngy Co., Ltd. Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Product Portfolio
8.11.5 Youngy Co., Ltd. Recent Developments
9 North America
9.1 North America Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Type
9.1.1 North America Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
9.1.2 North America Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Type (2021-2032)
9.1.3 North America Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Type (2021-2032)
9.2 North America Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Application
9.2.1 North America Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
9.2.2 North America Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Application (2021-2032)
9.2.3 North America Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Application (2021-2032)
9.3 North America Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Country
9.3.1 North America Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
9.3.2 North America Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
9.3.3 North America Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Country (2021-2032)
9.3.4 United States
9.3.5 Canada
9.3.6 Mexico
10 Europe
10.1 Europe Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Type
10.1.1 Europe Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
10.1.2 Europe Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Type (2021-2032)
10.1.3 Europe Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Type (2021-2032)
10.2 Europe Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Application
10.2.1 Europe Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
10.2.2 Europe Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Application (2021-2032)
10.2.3 Europe Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Application (2021-2032)
10.3 Europe Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Country
10.3.1 Europe Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
10.3.2 Europe Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
10.3.3 Europe Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Country (2021-2032)
10.3.4 Germany
10.3.5 France
10.3.6 U.K.
10.3.7 Italy
10.3.8 Russia
10.3.9 Spain
10.3.10 Netherlands
10.3.11 Switzerland
10.3.12 Sweden
11 China
11.1 China Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Type
11.1.1 China Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
11.1.2 China Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Type (2021-2032)
11.1.3 China Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Type (2021-2032)
11.2 China Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Application
11.2.1 China Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
11.2.2 China Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Application (2021-2032)
11.2.3 China Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Application (2021-2032)
12 Asia (Excluding China)
12.1 Asia Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Type
12.1.1 Asia Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
12.1.2 Asia Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Type (2021-2032)
12.1.3 Asia Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Type (2021-2032)
12.2 Asia Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Application
12.2.1 Asia Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
12.2.2 Asia Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Application (2021-2032)
12.2.3 Asia Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Application (2021-2032)
12.3 Asia Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Country
12.3.1 Asia Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
12.3.2 Asia Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
12.3.3 Asia Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Country (2021-2032)
12.3.4 Japan
12.3.5 South Korea
12.3.6 India
12.3.7 Australia
12.3.8 Taiwan
12.3.9 Southeast Asia
13 South America, Middle East and Africa
13.1 SAMEA Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Type
13.1.1 SAMEA Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
13.1.2 SAMEA Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Type (2021-2032)
13.1.3 SAMEA Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Type (2021-2032)
13.2 SAMEA Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Application
13.2.1 SAMEA Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
13.2.2 SAMEA Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Application (2021-2032)
13.2.3 SAMEA Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Application (2021-2032)
13.3 SAMEA Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Market Size by Country
13.3.1 SAMEA Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
13.3.2 SAMEA Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
13.3.3 SAMEA Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Price by Country (2021-2032)
13.3.4 Brazil
13.3.5 Argentina
13.3.6 Chile
13.3.7 Colombia
13.3.8 Peru
13.3.9 Saudi Arabia
13.3.10 Israel
13.3.11 UAE
13.3.12 Turkey
13.3.13 Iran
13.3.14 Egypt
14 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
14.1 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Value Chain Analysis
14.1.1 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Key Raw Materials
14.1.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
14.1.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
14.1.4 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Production Mode & Process
14.2 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Sales Channels Analysis
14.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
14.2.2 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Distributors
14.2.3 Battery Grade Lithium Compounds Customers
15 Concluding Insights
16 Appendix
16.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
16.2 Research Methodology
16.3 Research Process
16.4 Authors List of This Report
16.5 Data Source
16.5.1 Secondary Sources
16.5.2 Primary Sources
16.6 Disclaimer
How Do Licenses Work?
Request A Sample
Head shot

Questions or Comments?

Our team has the ability to search within reports to verify it suits your needs. We can also help maximize your budget by finding sections of reports you can purchase.