Pricing & Markets Market Research Reports

As many consumers and ratepayers know, the price of energy fluctuates with organic, market-driven demand, but also speculation, infrastructural and supply chain bottlenecks, and regional and temporal scarcity. Examples of pricing and cost fluctuations can be found with fossil fuel commodities, notably petroleum products and natural gas, but also grid electricity. Market speculation, particularly in futures, can drive up spot prices and new contracts for petroleum and natural gas, as scarcity is perceived in future markets. Reductions in production volumes for oil can also lead to higher prices, as has been the case with political disturbances in oil-producing economies as well as politically-motivated embargoes. Similarly, supply gluts and falling demand can dramatically reduce market prices. For example, both factors affected plummeting natural gas prices in North America in the past few years as shale gas production increased and demand fell in a recessionary economy. Damaged or inactive refinery capacities can also affect petroleum product pricing down the supply chain, as has occurred in the US following the closure and debilitation of refineries along the Gulf Coast following natural disasters.

Similar to commodity supply chains, disturbances in transmission and distribution (T&D) infrastructure and lower available capacities for energy transmission can increase prices in spot, day-ahead and contract electricity. Similarly, premiums are paid for renewable energy electricity due to higher generation costs and regulatory mechanisms like feed-in tariffs (FIT). Fuel costs can also drive up prices for electricity, particularly with gas turbines. Seasonal and daily demand spikes or load peaks greatly increase prices or rates for electricity.

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Pricing & Markets Industry Research & Market Reports

  • Macro - Country Economic Forecasts - India

    ... coming quarters and have revised our GDP growth forecast to 6.5% in 2025, down from 6.7% previously, and 6.6% in 2026, down from 6.8%. In fiscal year terms, we now expect 6.4% growth in FY2025/26. Read More

  • Analysis by Region - Emerging Markets - Kenya

    ... and tea (14% of exports). Only a small share of Kenyan exports is exempt from the tariffs, including fuels (7%), ores, slag, and ash (4%), and iron and steel products (1%). With only 6.4% of ... Read More

  • Analysis by Region - Emerging Markets - Ghana

    ... key drag on private sector activity, we believe prospects of price stability have improved: the cedi has been relatively stable since February, trading between GHȼ15.30/$ and GHȼ15.50/$ and consumer price inflation fell to a five-month ... Read More

  • Analysis by Region - Emerging Markets - Nigeria

    ... slowdown will strain oil demand while the recent decision by Opec+ to bring forward a portion of their planned production increases further fuels downward pressure on oil prices. In this forecast round, we maintained Nigeria's ... Read More

  • Demand Response Management Systems (DRMS)

    ... Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 9.6% over the analysis period 2024-2030. Hardware, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is expected to record a 9.1% CAGR and reach US$6.5 Billion by ... Read More

  • Subsea Systems

    ... CAGR of 3.6% over the analysis period 2024-2030. SURF, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is expected to record a 3.9% CAGR and reach US$5.8 Billion by the end of the analysis period. ... Read More

  • Analysis by Region - Africa - Libya

    ... relatively flat over the next three years, leaving the government with limited growth prospects for oil-related revenues. However, the country has attracted interest from global oil operators who are keen to invest in hydrocarbon exploration. Read More

  • Macro - Country Economic Forecasts - Germany

    ... in our April forecast round. Upward revisions could see GDP growth peak at 2.6% in 2027 and average 1.8% over the next four years, 0.7ppts higher than in February and 0.6ppts higher than in March. Read More

  • Industry - Country Industry Forecasts - Germany

    ... downgrades to our forecast for German industry and now expect a significantly slower pace of growth over the next 2 years. A cyclical component—weak domestic demand—is an important factor that has pushed back the recovery. Read More

  • Macro - Country Economic Forecasts - India

    ... third quarter, India's economic growth rebounded in Q4 2024. Real GDP rose 6.2% y/y, up from an upwardly revised 5.6% in Q3. But the pace of growth was still the second weakest in two years. Read More

  • Macro - Country Economic Forecasts - Netherlands

    ... lower inflation will help drive the recovery in consumption. However, tariffs and trade uncertainty will constrain growth. We expect inflation will average 2.9% in 2025, and 2.1% in 2026, with tariffs hindering the disinflationary process. Read More

  • Industry - Commodity Price Forecasts - Commodity Price Forecasts

    ... downward pressure to prices in an already bearish environment as softer global economic growth prospects are weighing on oil demand. We have downgraded our oil price forecast with Brent set to average $70.50pb this year. Read More

  • Macro - Country Economic Forecasts - Sweden

    ... in Sweden, which will increase to 3% of GDP by 2030 from 2.4% currently, and in Europe, which will benefit Sweden's large defence industry. We expect growth will be driven by domestic demand this year. Read More

  • Macro - Country Economic Forecasts - Eurozone

    ... have adjusted our assumption on EU military spending, which we think will gradually increase to 3% of GDP by end of the decade. This prompted us to raise our GDP projections slightly from next year. Read More

  • Analysis by Region - Emerging Markets - Kenya

    ... government spending was initially trimmed by 2.8% to KSh3.88trn in July's supplementary budget to align with revised revenue expectations and the IMF’s fiscal consolidation targets. However, last month’s Budget Policy Statement (BPS) partially reversed the ... Read More

  • Analysis by Region - Emerging Markets - Nigeria

    ... national growth increase, while the oil sector expanded at a slower pace. We remain cautiously optimistic that the decline in CPI inflation and lower borrowing costs will support consumption spending and business activity over the ... Read More

  • Analysis by Region - Emerging Markets - Ghana

    ... in January for first-quarter government spending. In February, an IMF delegation visited Ghana to discuss this year's budget and evaluate the new administration’s commitment to the current Extended Credit Facility. The fourth programme review is ... Read More

  • Macro - Country Economic Forecasts - United Arab Emirates

    ... agreement to gradually unwind production cuts starting in Q2. Although oil prices remain under pressure, the increase in production will support growth in the oil sector, particularly as the UAE continues to prioritize capacity expansion. Read More

  • Philippines Renewable Energy Policy Handbook 2025

    ... governing the renewable energy market in the country and provides information on renewable policies/developments at a regional/municipal level. The report discusses renewable energy targets and plans along with the present policy framework, giving a fair ... Read More

  • Macro - Country Economic Forecasts - Oman

    ... steady expansion of non-energy output, which we project at 3.0% (up from 2.8% previously). We think activity across non-energy sectors will benefit from strong domestic investment momentum and development support, consistent with spending plans outlined ... Read More

  • Analysis by Region - Emerging Markets - Croatia

    ... year. A gradual restocking process as industrial fortunes turn should support a quicker rebound than we expected. Over the next few years, GDP growth will slow but remain healthy as the positive output gap narrows. Read More

  • Top 10 Growth Opportunities for Alternative Fuels, 2025

    ... 5 years. As the global energy industry undergoes an unprecedented transition, this change brings exciting new growth opportunities to the oil and gas (O&G) sector. However, shifting to a net-zero carbon emissions future means that ... Read More

  • Analysis by Region - Emerging Markets - Nigeria

    ... relatively flat over the medium term. The non-oil economy will be a growth driver to be reckoned with in 2025, mainly because of easing price pressures and a potential unwinding of tight monetary policy. Even ... Read More

  • Analysis by Region - Emerging Markets - Ghana

    ... and financial sectors ensured robust growth in the services sector. The agricultural industry recorded modest growth due to volatility in the sector. Overall, we estimate that real GDP turned in growth of 6.2% last year, ... Read More

  • Macro - Country Economic Forecasts - Estonia

    ... in Q3 2024, but was close to stagnation at 0.03%. This lack of momentum bodes poorly for growth prospects. Unlike in 2008 and 2020, when GDP posted a clear one-quarter bottoming out followed by a ... Read More

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