Cardiac Output Monitoring Market Size, Share & Trend Analysis - Global - 2025-2031 - Includes: Output Monitor Market, Output Sensor Market, and 1 more
Description
Global Cardiac Output Monitoring Market Report, 2025 Edition<
Executive Summary
The global cardiac output (CO) monitoring market was valued at nearly 1.2 billion dollars in 2024 and is expected to grow at a 4.2 percent CAGR to reach approximately 1.6 billion dollars by 2031. Cardiac output monitoring is an essential component of hemodynamic assessment in critical care, perioperative settings and emergency environments. As clinicians shift toward less-invasive and non-invasive platforms, the overall structure of the market is changing while maintaining consistent demand for accurate CO measurement technologies.
This report covers the full global market for cardiac output monitors, cardiac output sensors, and pulmonary artery catheters. It quantifies unit sales, average selling prices, market values, replacement cycles and competitive shares. It also analyzes growth drivers, market limiters, technology innovations and the evolving clinical guidelines that influence adoption.
The report includes historical data to 2021 and forecasts to 2031. It provides insights into emerging hemodynamic monitoring technologies, vendor strategies and the transition away from invasive techniques in certain countries. The U.K. is one example of a region shifting away from invasive CO monitoring at a faster rate than many other European markets.
The global cardiac output monitoring market remains clinically significant due to rising procedural volumes, increased cardiovascular disease burden, and the growing role of hemodynamic assessment in emergency, perioperative and critical care pathways.
Market Overview
Cardiac output monitoring is a cornerstone of clinical decision-making for patients who are hemodynamically unstable or at risk for cardiovascular compromise. It provides real-time insight into circulation, oxygen delivery and perfusion. Hospitals use CO monitoring to guide fluid management, detect shock, support major surgical interventions and manage critically ill patients in intensive care units.
The market consists of three primary product categories: cardiac output monitoring devices, sensors and accessories, and pulmonary artery catheters used to provide direct invasive measurements. While PACs have historically played a central role in hemodynamic monitoring, their usage is declining as clinicians and health systems transition toward less-invasive and non-invasive systems.
Many countries have updated guidelines that emphasize the benefits of minimally invasive monitoring. As a result, non-invasive and minimally invasive systems continue to gain share in both large hospitals and smaller facilities with expanding perioperative programs. The U.K. is shifting away from invasive CO techniques at a faster pace than many neighboring markets, influenced by national recommendations that encourage the adoption of less-invasive methods.
Global demand for CO monitoring continues to grow as cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Hospitals face higher volumes of elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, which increases the need for reliable hemodynamic data. Emergency departments see high demand as cardiovascular emergencies account for approximately ten percent of all ED visits and are the second most common reason patients arrive at the ED.
At the same time, technology has advanced across both invasive and non-invasive platforms. Many modern systems provide continuous monitoring of pressure and flow, improved signal quality and integration with wider patient monitoring networks. These enhancements allow clinicians to make faster, more informed decisions and are driving upgrades across facilities that last replaced their systems more than a decade ago.
Although market growth is strong, shifting clinical practice patterns and workflow complexity create mixed demand across regions. Invasive products continue to decline in many developed markets due to the availability of viable alternatives, while non-invasive and minimally invasive methods grow quickly. In developing regions, invasive methods may persist longer due to historical familiarity or budget constraints.
Market Drivers
Demographic Factors and Growing Clinical Demand
The global population over age 65 is increasing rapidly, driven largely by aging baby boomer generations. The elderly population has nearly doubled since the 1960s and is expanding at its fastest rate recorded. This demographic shift has major implications for the healthcare system, since older adults have higher rates of chronic illness, cardiovascular disease, heart failure and complications that require close hemodynamic monitoring.
As the number of older adults grows, healthcare systems must manage increased emergency department volume and more complex perioperative cases. Cardiovascular emergencies account for about ten percent of total ED visits worldwide. Rising utilization of monitoring for these patients fuels demand for CO devices across critical care, perioperative and emergency departments.
Patients and caregivers are becoming more aware of the importance of hemodynamic stability. This contributes to rising interest in both hospital-based monitoring and homecare solutions for chronic cardiovascular conditions. As procedural volumes increase and case complexity rises, hospitals rely on continuous and accurate CO measurements to support clinical decisions.
Less-Invasive Technology Adoption
Clinicians are steadily moving toward less invasive cardiac output monitoring platforms. These systems reduce procedural risk, simplify workflow and avoid complications associated with invasive lines. As technology improves, less invasive and non-invasive techniques are becoming more attractive for a wider range of clinicians, including those who are less experienced in invasive hemodynamic assessment.
Minimally invasive and non-invasive devices are easier to use, require less training and present fewer complications. They also reduce the time required for a full hemodynamic assessment, supporting faster care decisions in emergency and perioperative environments.
The shift is influenced by updated guidelines in several countries. For example, the U.K. has encouraged movement away from invasive CO measurement, resulting in faster adoption of non-invasive alternatives. Similar guideline shifts or institutional policies in other regions contribute to the market’s growth.
Improved Measurement Parameters and Technological Innovation
Emergent CO technologies provide continuous measurement of both pressure and flow, offering more complete hemodynamic profiles. These innovations provide added value beyond older methods and help clinicians achieve more accurate and timely assessments.
Vendors are investing heavily in algorithms, data integration features and device performance enhancements. Continuous monitoring allows clinicians to adjust treatment more quickly and manage fluid responsiveness with greater precision. These improvements support patient safety and optimize clinical outcomes.
Providers expect these advanced platforms to drive sales growth and stabilize ASPs over time. Improved usability, reduced invasiveness and better integration with enterprise monitoring systems all contribute to stronger purchasing interest and higher replacement activity.
Market Limiters
Reduction in Open-Heart Procedures
The number of open-heart surgeries, particularly coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures, is projected to decline over the forecast period. PAC usage is strongly tied to these procedures, which means demand for invasive CO monitoring decreases as surgical patterns change.
Hospitals are adopting less-invasive and minimally invasive surgical approaches wherever possible. These shifts directly reduce the number of PACs installed during surgery and contribute to overall declines in the invasive segment of the market.
Lack of Awareness in Operating Rooms
Although awareness of the importance of cardiac output monitoring in the intensive care unit is well established, awareness and usage within operating rooms is still developing. Some surgical teams are not fully trained in the benefits of CO monitoring, resulting in inconsistent adoption patterns.
Younger clinicians and those trained in modern residency programs are more aware of hemodynamic monitoring technologies, but these changes take time to influence overall hospital practice. Meanwhile, outcome studies that highlight improvements in surgical safety and fluid management are gradually increasing awareness and helping shift attitudes.
Shortage of Emergency Nurses and Training Requirements
Emergency nurses play a critical role as first responders within hospitals. They are responsible for initiating risk stratification and determining when cardiac monitoring is necessary. Since CO monitoring technologies evolve rapidly, ongoing training is required for nurses to use these devices effectively.
The global nursing shortage reduces the availability of trained staff and limits the full utilization of CO monitors. Hospitals struggle to keep up with training needs, and turnover rates add further strain. As a result, the use of CO monitoring may not reach its full potential in emergency settings, even when devices are available.
Market Coverage and Data Scope
Quantitative Coverage
Market size
Market shares
Market forecasts
Market growth rates
Units sold
Average selling prices
Qualitative Coverage
Market growth trends
Market limiters
Competitive analysis and SWOT
Mergers and acquisitions
Company profiles and product portfolios
FDA recalls and regulatory updates
Disruptive technologies
Disease and procedure overviews
Time Frame
Historical data from 2021 to 2024
Base year 2024
Forecasts to 2031
Data Sources
Primary interviews with industry leaders
Government physician data
Regulatory databases
Hospital private data
Import and export records
iData Research internal database
Markets Covered and Segmentation
Global Cardiac Output Monitoring Market Segmentation Summary
Output Monitoring
Includes capital monitoring systems used to measure cardiac output across invasive, minimally invasive and non-invasive modalities.
Output Sensor
Includes sensors, probes and accessories required for continuous or intermittent cardiac output measurement.
Pulmonary Artery Catheter
Includes invasive catheters used for direct hemodynamic monitoring, typically during open-heart surgical procedures or in select ICU cases.
Competitive Analysis
Becton Dickinson (BD)
In 2024, Becton Dickinson led the global cardiac output monitoring market following its acquisition of Edwards Lifesciences’ critical care business unit for 4.2 billion dollars in September 2024. Although Edwards experienced temporary disruption during the third quarter of 2024 due to discontinued operations during the transition period, BD maintained its leadership position.
This acquisition significantly strengthens BD’s presence in hemodynamic monitoring. Edwards Lifesciences was a longstanding leader in invasive monitoring and advanced CO technologies. With this acquisition, BD gains access to a strong global portfolio, well-established customer relationships and a broad installed base across major hospitals. The combined strengths allow BD to remain the top competitor in the CO monitoring market for years to come.
Baxter
Baxter was the second-leading competitor in the total CO monitoring market in 2024. Baxter’s presence in non-invasive monitoring stems from its acquisition of Cheetah Medical in 2019. Cheetah Medical is recognized as a pioneer in non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring technologies. This acquisition allowed Baxter to expand its reach into hospitals seeking alternatives to invasive methods, especially for perioperative and emergency department applications.
Baxter’s strong brand recognition and wide distribution network support continued demand for non-invasive CO technologies.
Getinge
Getinge was the third-leading competitor in 2024. The company remains influential in the minimally invasive segment through its fully owned subsidiary, Pulsion Medical.
Pulsion Medical’s PiCCO02 device provides continuous cardiac output measurement and continuous central venous oxygen saturation monitoring. The PiCCO platform is well known among ICU clinicians and is used in facilities that require advanced hemodynamic metrics without relying on fully invasive PACs. This positions Getinge strongly in the minimally invasive market.
Technology and Practice Trends
The cardiac output monitoring market is shaped by ongoing improvements in technology, data integration and clinical practice. Several important trends include:
Growth in non-invasive CO monitoring as hospitals shift toward procedures with lower complication risks
Increased integration of CO devices with central monitoring stations and hospital information systems
Improved algorithms that provide continuous measurement of pressure and flow
Greater emphasis on fluid responsiveness indicators, which require accurate and real-time CO data
Rising demand for technologies that reduce invasiveness while maintaining or improving accuracy
Broader adoption of minimally invasive systems in perioperative and emergency settings as staff training improves
Industry movement toward more compact, easier-to-use devices that shorten setup time and streamline clinical workflow
These trends support strong growth for minimally invasive and non-invasive platforms, while invasive devices remain important in specialized critical care and surgical environments.
Geography
This report provides global coverage across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa.
Why This Report
Where are the largest and fastest growing opportunities in the global cardiac output monitoring market
How is the transition from invasive to less-invasive and non-invasive methods reshaping market share
What role will demographic change and rising cardiovascular disease burden play in unit demand
How do different regions approach CO monitoring guidelines and what effect does this have on product adoption
What features and technologies are most influential in purchasing decisions for CO monitoring equipment
How do vendor strategies, mergers and acquisitions shape the competitive landscape
What are the implications of declining PAC usage for vendors with strong invasive portfolios
How should suppliers plan for future demand in minimally invasive and non-invasive CO technologies
This report delivers procedure-aware forecasting, competitive insights and detailed market segmentation to help commercial teams understand market direction and align strategy with the fastest growing opportunities.
About iData Research
iData Research is a premium market intelligence firm headquartered in Canada with offices across North America and Europe.
Over the last 20 years, the company has specialized in device-level sizing, procedure models, pricing trends, and competitive share across MedTech.
Since 2005, iData has supported global OEMs, mid-market innovators, and investors with triangulated data based on units and ASPs, with country-level forecasts and analyst access across Europe, North America, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, and APAC.
Reports are available with flexible licensing to fit commercial, strategy, and investment workflows
Executive Summary
The global cardiac output (CO) monitoring market was valued at nearly 1.2 billion dollars in 2024 and is expected to grow at a 4.2 percent CAGR to reach approximately 1.6 billion dollars by 2031. Cardiac output monitoring is an essential component of hemodynamic assessment in critical care, perioperative settings and emergency environments. As clinicians shift toward less-invasive and non-invasive platforms, the overall structure of the market is changing while maintaining consistent demand for accurate CO measurement technologies.
This report covers the full global market for cardiac output monitors, cardiac output sensors, and pulmonary artery catheters. It quantifies unit sales, average selling prices, market values, replacement cycles and competitive shares. It also analyzes growth drivers, market limiters, technology innovations and the evolving clinical guidelines that influence adoption.
The report includes historical data to 2021 and forecasts to 2031. It provides insights into emerging hemodynamic monitoring technologies, vendor strategies and the transition away from invasive techniques in certain countries. The U.K. is one example of a region shifting away from invasive CO monitoring at a faster rate than many other European markets.
The global cardiac output monitoring market remains clinically significant due to rising procedural volumes, increased cardiovascular disease burden, and the growing role of hemodynamic assessment in emergency, perioperative and critical care pathways.
Market Overview
Cardiac output monitoring is a cornerstone of clinical decision-making for patients who are hemodynamically unstable or at risk for cardiovascular compromise. It provides real-time insight into circulation, oxygen delivery and perfusion. Hospitals use CO monitoring to guide fluid management, detect shock, support major surgical interventions and manage critically ill patients in intensive care units.
The market consists of three primary product categories: cardiac output monitoring devices, sensors and accessories, and pulmonary artery catheters used to provide direct invasive measurements. While PACs have historically played a central role in hemodynamic monitoring, their usage is declining as clinicians and health systems transition toward less-invasive and non-invasive systems.
Many countries have updated guidelines that emphasize the benefits of minimally invasive monitoring. As a result, non-invasive and minimally invasive systems continue to gain share in both large hospitals and smaller facilities with expanding perioperative programs. The U.K. is shifting away from invasive CO techniques at a faster pace than many neighboring markets, influenced by national recommendations that encourage the adoption of less-invasive methods.
Global demand for CO monitoring continues to grow as cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Hospitals face higher volumes of elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, which increases the need for reliable hemodynamic data. Emergency departments see high demand as cardiovascular emergencies account for approximately ten percent of all ED visits and are the second most common reason patients arrive at the ED.
At the same time, technology has advanced across both invasive and non-invasive platforms. Many modern systems provide continuous monitoring of pressure and flow, improved signal quality and integration with wider patient monitoring networks. These enhancements allow clinicians to make faster, more informed decisions and are driving upgrades across facilities that last replaced their systems more than a decade ago.
Although market growth is strong, shifting clinical practice patterns and workflow complexity create mixed demand across regions. Invasive products continue to decline in many developed markets due to the availability of viable alternatives, while non-invasive and minimally invasive methods grow quickly. In developing regions, invasive methods may persist longer due to historical familiarity or budget constraints.
Market Drivers
Demographic Factors and Growing Clinical Demand
The global population over age 65 is increasing rapidly, driven largely by aging baby boomer generations. The elderly population has nearly doubled since the 1960s and is expanding at its fastest rate recorded. This demographic shift has major implications for the healthcare system, since older adults have higher rates of chronic illness, cardiovascular disease, heart failure and complications that require close hemodynamic monitoring.
As the number of older adults grows, healthcare systems must manage increased emergency department volume and more complex perioperative cases. Cardiovascular emergencies account for about ten percent of total ED visits worldwide. Rising utilization of monitoring for these patients fuels demand for CO devices across critical care, perioperative and emergency departments.
Patients and caregivers are becoming more aware of the importance of hemodynamic stability. This contributes to rising interest in both hospital-based monitoring and homecare solutions for chronic cardiovascular conditions. As procedural volumes increase and case complexity rises, hospitals rely on continuous and accurate CO measurements to support clinical decisions.
Less-Invasive Technology Adoption
Clinicians are steadily moving toward less invasive cardiac output monitoring platforms. These systems reduce procedural risk, simplify workflow and avoid complications associated with invasive lines. As technology improves, less invasive and non-invasive techniques are becoming more attractive for a wider range of clinicians, including those who are less experienced in invasive hemodynamic assessment.
Minimally invasive and non-invasive devices are easier to use, require less training and present fewer complications. They also reduce the time required for a full hemodynamic assessment, supporting faster care decisions in emergency and perioperative environments.
The shift is influenced by updated guidelines in several countries. For example, the U.K. has encouraged movement away from invasive CO measurement, resulting in faster adoption of non-invasive alternatives. Similar guideline shifts or institutional policies in other regions contribute to the market’s growth.
Improved Measurement Parameters and Technological Innovation
Emergent CO technologies provide continuous measurement of both pressure and flow, offering more complete hemodynamic profiles. These innovations provide added value beyond older methods and help clinicians achieve more accurate and timely assessments.
Vendors are investing heavily in algorithms, data integration features and device performance enhancements. Continuous monitoring allows clinicians to adjust treatment more quickly and manage fluid responsiveness with greater precision. These improvements support patient safety and optimize clinical outcomes.
Providers expect these advanced platforms to drive sales growth and stabilize ASPs over time. Improved usability, reduced invasiveness and better integration with enterprise monitoring systems all contribute to stronger purchasing interest and higher replacement activity.
Market Limiters
Reduction in Open-Heart Procedures
The number of open-heart surgeries, particularly coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures, is projected to decline over the forecast period. PAC usage is strongly tied to these procedures, which means demand for invasive CO monitoring decreases as surgical patterns change.
Hospitals are adopting less-invasive and minimally invasive surgical approaches wherever possible. These shifts directly reduce the number of PACs installed during surgery and contribute to overall declines in the invasive segment of the market.
Lack of Awareness in Operating Rooms
Although awareness of the importance of cardiac output monitoring in the intensive care unit is well established, awareness and usage within operating rooms is still developing. Some surgical teams are not fully trained in the benefits of CO monitoring, resulting in inconsistent adoption patterns.
Younger clinicians and those trained in modern residency programs are more aware of hemodynamic monitoring technologies, but these changes take time to influence overall hospital practice. Meanwhile, outcome studies that highlight improvements in surgical safety and fluid management are gradually increasing awareness and helping shift attitudes.
Shortage of Emergency Nurses and Training Requirements
Emergency nurses play a critical role as first responders within hospitals. They are responsible for initiating risk stratification and determining when cardiac monitoring is necessary. Since CO monitoring technologies evolve rapidly, ongoing training is required for nurses to use these devices effectively.
The global nursing shortage reduces the availability of trained staff and limits the full utilization of CO monitors. Hospitals struggle to keep up with training needs, and turnover rates add further strain. As a result, the use of CO monitoring may not reach its full potential in emergency settings, even when devices are available.
Market Coverage and Data Scope
Quantitative Coverage
Market size
Market shares
Market forecasts
Market growth rates
Units sold
Average selling prices
Qualitative Coverage
Market growth trends
Market limiters
Competitive analysis and SWOT
Mergers and acquisitions
Company profiles and product portfolios
FDA recalls and regulatory updates
Disruptive technologies
Disease and procedure overviews
Time Frame
Historical data from 2021 to 2024
Base year 2024
Forecasts to 2031
Data Sources
Primary interviews with industry leaders
Government physician data
Regulatory databases
Hospital private data
Import and export records
iData Research internal database
Markets Covered and Segmentation
Global Cardiac Output Monitoring Market Segmentation Summary
Output Monitoring
Includes capital monitoring systems used to measure cardiac output across invasive, minimally invasive and non-invasive modalities.
Output Sensor
Includes sensors, probes and accessories required for continuous or intermittent cardiac output measurement.
Pulmonary Artery Catheter
Includes invasive catheters used for direct hemodynamic monitoring, typically during open-heart surgical procedures or in select ICU cases.
Competitive Analysis
Becton Dickinson (BD)
In 2024, Becton Dickinson led the global cardiac output monitoring market following its acquisition of Edwards Lifesciences’ critical care business unit for 4.2 billion dollars in September 2024. Although Edwards experienced temporary disruption during the third quarter of 2024 due to discontinued operations during the transition period, BD maintained its leadership position.
This acquisition significantly strengthens BD’s presence in hemodynamic monitoring. Edwards Lifesciences was a longstanding leader in invasive monitoring and advanced CO technologies. With this acquisition, BD gains access to a strong global portfolio, well-established customer relationships and a broad installed base across major hospitals. The combined strengths allow BD to remain the top competitor in the CO monitoring market for years to come.
Baxter
Baxter was the second-leading competitor in the total CO monitoring market in 2024. Baxter’s presence in non-invasive monitoring stems from its acquisition of Cheetah Medical in 2019. Cheetah Medical is recognized as a pioneer in non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring technologies. This acquisition allowed Baxter to expand its reach into hospitals seeking alternatives to invasive methods, especially for perioperative and emergency department applications.
Baxter’s strong brand recognition and wide distribution network support continued demand for non-invasive CO technologies.
Getinge
Getinge was the third-leading competitor in 2024. The company remains influential in the minimally invasive segment through its fully owned subsidiary, Pulsion Medical.
Pulsion Medical’s PiCCO02 device provides continuous cardiac output measurement and continuous central venous oxygen saturation monitoring. The PiCCO platform is well known among ICU clinicians and is used in facilities that require advanced hemodynamic metrics without relying on fully invasive PACs. This positions Getinge strongly in the minimally invasive market.
Technology and Practice Trends
The cardiac output monitoring market is shaped by ongoing improvements in technology, data integration and clinical practice. Several important trends include:
Growth in non-invasive CO monitoring as hospitals shift toward procedures with lower complication risks
Increased integration of CO devices with central monitoring stations and hospital information systems
Improved algorithms that provide continuous measurement of pressure and flow
Greater emphasis on fluid responsiveness indicators, which require accurate and real-time CO data
Rising demand for technologies that reduce invasiveness while maintaining or improving accuracy
Broader adoption of minimally invasive systems in perioperative and emergency settings as staff training improves
Industry movement toward more compact, easier-to-use devices that shorten setup time and streamline clinical workflow
These trends support strong growth for minimally invasive and non-invasive platforms, while invasive devices remain important in specialized critical care and surgical environments.
Geography
This report provides global coverage across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa.
Why This Report
Where are the largest and fastest growing opportunities in the global cardiac output monitoring market
How is the transition from invasive to less-invasive and non-invasive methods reshaping market share
What role will demographic change and rising cardiovascular disease burden play in unit demand
How do different regions approach CO monitoring guidelines and what effect does this have on product adoption
What features and technologies are most influential in purchasing decisions for CO monitoring equipment
How do vendor strategies, mergers and acquisitions shape the competitive landscape
What are the implications of declining PAC usage for vendors with strong invasive portfolios
How should suppliers plan for future demand in minimally invasive and non-invasive CO technologies
This report delivers procedure-aware forecasting, competitive insights and detailed market segmentation to help commercial teams understand market direction and align strategy with the fastest growing opportunities.
About iData Research
iData Research is a premium market intelligence firm headquartered in Canada with offices across North America and Europe.
Over the last 20 years, the company has specialized in device-level sizing, procedure models, pricing trends, and competitive share across MedTech.
Since 2005, iData has supported global OEMs, mid-market innovators, and investors with triangulated data based on units and ASPs, with country-level forecasts and analyst access across Europe, North America, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, and APAC.
Reports are available with flexible licensing to fit commercial, strategy, and investment workflows
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