Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Forecasts to 2032 – Global Analysis By Product Type (Endocardial Closure Devices, Epicardial Closure Devices, and Delivery/Access Systems & Sheaths), Procedure, Material Composition, Sales Channel, End User and
Description
According to Stratistics MRC, the Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market is accounted for $2221.13 million in 2025 and is expected to reach $9194.49 million by 2032 growing at a CAGR of 22.5% during the forecast period. Left Atrial Appendage Closure (LAAC) devices are implants used to lower stroke risk in individuals with atrial fibrillation who cannot tolerate long-term anticoagulant drugs. They function by closing off the left atrial appendage, a small chamber in the heart where clots often develop. By blocking clot formation from entering circulation, LAAC devices serve as a minimally invasive and reliable alternative to continuous use of blood-thinning medications.
Market Dynamics:
Driver:
Rising prevalence of atrial fibrillation
The growing incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) worldwide is significantly increasing the demand for left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) devices. As AF is a leading cause of stroke, healthcare systems are prioritizing advanced preventive interventions. Clinical trials, such as the OPTION study, have reinforced the efficacy of LAAC devices in reducing stroke risk compared to long-term anticoagulation. The aging global population, coupled with improved diagnostic capabilities, is expanding the eligible patient pool. Technological advancements, including next-generation nitinol-based occludes and polymer-coated surfaces, are enhancing procedural safety and long-term outcomes. Together, these factors are driving sustained adoption of LAAC devices across both developed and emerging healthcare markets.
Restraint:
Risk of device-related complications
Risks such as device-related thrombosis, pericardial effusion, and procedural leaks require careful patient selection and operator expertise. While newer designs aim to minimize these issues, post-procedural monitoring and anticoagulation protocols still add complexity. Regulatory bodies are demanding more long-term safety data, which can slow product approvals in certain regions. Hospitals must invest in specialized training and imaging technologies to ensure optimal outcomes, increasing procedural costs. These safety and operational challenges continue to temper the pace of market expansion.
Opportunity:
Technological innovations improving safety and efficacy
Rapid innovation in device design and delivery systems is opening new growth avenues for the LAAC market. Emerging products feature enhanced sealing mechanisms, reduced profile sizes, and bioresorbable materials to lower complication rates. Integration of advanced imaging modalities, such as 3D transesophageal echocardiography and intracardiac echocardiography, is improving procedural precision. Hybrid approaches that combine LAAC with catheter ablation are gaining traction, supported by favorable reimbursement codes in markets like the U.S. Companies are also investing in AI-driven procedural planning tools to optimize patient outcomes. These advancements are making LAAC procedures safer, faster, and more accessible to a wider patient base.
Threat:
Intense competition among key players
Fierce rivalry among leading manufacturers in the Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices market is creating significant challenges for growth. Established players are locked in a race to differentiate through advanced technology, clinical evidence, and product innovation, often leading to rapid iteration cycles and high R&D spending. This competitive pressure compresses profit margins, intensifies marketing costs, and accelerates product obsolescence. Additionally, aggressive pricing strategies and overlapping product portfolios make it harder for new entrants to gain traction. As companies vie for market share, sustaining long-term profitability becomes difficult, especially in regions with stringent regulatory requirements and slower adoption rates.
Covid-19 Impact
The COVID-19 pandemic initially disrupted LAAC procedures due to postponed elective surgeries and strained hospital resources. Supply chain interruptions and reduced patient visits slowed device adoption in early phases. However, the crisis also accelerated the shift toward minimally invasive, short-stay interventions, aligning with LAAC’s procedural profile. Telemedicine follow-ups and remote patient monitoring became more common, supporting continuity of care. The pandemic ultimately reinforced the value of LAAC devices as part of resilient, patient-centered cardiac care pathways.
The endocardial closure devices segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period
The endocardial closure devices segment is expected to account for the largest market share during the forecast period, due to their minimally invasive nature and strong clinical track record. These devices, often delivered via transcatheter approaches, reduce hospital stays and recovery times compared to surgical alternatives. Continuous design improvements, such as enhanced anchoring systems and conformable frames, are boosting procedural success rates. Widespread adoption is supported by robust clinical evidence and expanding reimbursement coverage in key markets. Training programs and simulation-based education are increasing operator proficiency, further driving uptake. As patient and physician preference shifts toward less invasive solutions, endocardial devices will remain the leading product category.
The ambulatory surgical centers segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period
Over the forecast period, the ambulatory surgical centers segment is predicted to witness the highest growth rate, due to their cost efficiency and patient convenience. Advances in device delivery systems and imaging guidance have made same-day discharge increasingly feasible. ASCs benefit from streamlined workflows, lower overhead costs, and high patient turnover, making them attractive for payers and providers. The shift toward outpatient cardiac interventions is being reinforced by favourable reimbursement policies in several countries. Partnerships between device manufacturers and ASC networks are expanding access to LAAC technology in community settings. This trend is set to accelerate as minimally invasive techniques continue to evolve.
Region with largest share:
During the forecast period, the Asia Pacific region is expected to hold the largest market share driven by a rapidly growing patient base with atrial fibrillation and rising healthcare investments. Countries like China, Japan, and India are expanding access to advanced cardiac interventions through public and private initiatives. Increasing adoption of minimally invasive cardiology procedures is supported by the availability of skilled interventional cardiologists. Government-backed programs to modernize healthcare infrastructure are improving procedural capacity. Local manufacturing partnerships are helping reduce device costs and improve availability. With strong demand fundamentals and expanding procedural capabilities, Asia Pacific will remain the anchor region for LAAC market.
Region with highest CAGR:
Over the forecast period, the North America region is anticipated to exhibit the highest CAGR, fuelled by early adoption of cutting-edge LAAC technologies and robust reimbursement frameworks. The region benefits from a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation, well-established cardiac care networks, and strong clinical research activity. Continuous product innovation, including next-generation occludes and AI-assisted procedural planning, is accelerating uptake. Regulatory clarity from agencies like the FDA is enabling faster market entry for new devices. Physician training programs and patient awareness campaigns are further boosting adoption rates.
Key players in the market
Some of the key players profiled in the Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market include Abbott Laboratories, Lepu Medical Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Boston Scientific Corporation, Occlufit Medical Ltd., Johnson & Johnson, EpiCardia Technologies, Inc., AtriCure, Inc., W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Lifetech Scientific Corporation, Keystone Heart Ltd., Occlutech Holding AG, SMT, Acutus Medical, Inc., MicroPort Scientific Corporation, and Cardia, Inc.
Key Developments:
In July 2025, Johnson & Johnson MedTech announced the launch of the VIRTUGUIDE™ System. This AI-powered, patient-matched solution is designed to support Lapidus procedures2, a type of bunion surgery that helps realign the foot by joining two bones near the arch. The system uses pre-operative planning software, developed in collaboration with PeekMed®, to assess each patient’s bunion and make personalized recommendations for the intended correction.
In April 2025, Abbott announced the launch of its neuromodulation business’ next-generation delivery system, which will be used to streamline the implantation process for electrodes used as part of its Proclaim™ DRG neurostimulation system. The new system is intended to streamline the procedure when doctors implant the system in patients who are suffering from complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) Type 1 and causalgia (CRPS Type 2) of the lower extremities.
Product Types Covered:
• Endocardial Closure Devices
• Epicardial Closure Devices
• Delivery/Access Systems & Sheaths
Procedures Covered:
• Transcatheter Approach
• Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach
• Hybrid
Material Compositions Covered:
• Nitinol-Based Devices
• Polymer-Coated
• Stainless Steel & Alloys
Sales Channels Covered:
• Direct Sales
• Distributor
End Users Covered:
• Tertiary Care Hospitals
• Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASCs)
• Specialty Cardiac Centers
• Other End Users
Regions Covered:
• North America
US
Canada
Mexico
• Europe
Germany
UK
Italy
France
Spain
Rest of Europe
• Asia Pacific
Japan
China
India
Australia
New Zealand
South Korea
Rest of Asia Pacific
• South America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Qatar
South Africa
Rest of Middle East & Africa
What our report offers:
- Market share assessments for the regional and country-level segments
- Strategic recommendations for the new entrants
- Covers Market data for the years 2024, 2025, 2026, 2028, and 2032
- Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and recommendations)
- Strategic recommendations in key business segments based on the market estimations
- Competitive landscaping mapping the key common trends
- Company profiling with detailed strategies, financials, and recent developments
- Supply chain trends mapping the latest technological advancements
Market Dynamics:
Driver:
Rising prevalence of atrial fibrillation
The growing incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) worldwide is significantly increasing the demand for left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) devices. As AF is a leading cause of stroke, healthcare systems are prioritizing advanced preventive interventions. Clinical trials, such as the OPTION study, have reinforced the efficacy of LAAC devices in reducing stroke risk compared to long-term anticoagulation. The aging global population, coupled with improved diagnostic capabilities, is expanding the eligible patient pool. Technological advancements, including next-generation nitinol-based occludes and polymer-coated surfaces, are enhancing procedural safety and long-term outcomes. Together, these factors are driving sustained adoption of LAAC devices across both developed and emerging healthcare markets.
Restraint:
Risk of device-related complications
Risks such as device-related thrombosis, pericardial effusion, and procedural leaks require careful patient selection and operator expertise. While newer designs aim to minimize these issues, post-procedural monitoring and anticoagulation protocols still add complexity. Regulatory bodies are demanding more long-term safety data, which can slow product approvals in certain regions. Hospitals must invest in specialized training and imaging technologies to ensure optimal outcomes, increasing procedural costs. These safety and operational challenges continue to temper the pace of market expansion.
Opportunity:
Technological innovations improving safety and efficacy
Rapid innovation in device design and delivery systems is opening new growth avenues for the LAAC market. Emerging products feature enhanced sealing mechanisms, reduced profile sizes, and bioresorbable materials to lower complication rates. Integration of advanced imaging modalities, such as 3D transesophageal echocardiography and intracardiac echocardiography, is improving procedural precision. Hybrid approaches that combine LAAC with catheter ablation are gaining traction, supported by favorable reimbursement codes in markets like the U.S. Companies are also investing in AI-driven procedural planning tools to optimize patient outcomes. These advancements are making LAAC procedures safer, faster, and more accessible to a wider patient base.
Threat:
Intense competition among key players
Fierce rivalry among leading manufacturers in the Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices market is creating significant challenges for growth. Established players are locked in a race to differentiate through advanced technology, clinical evidence, and product innovation, often leading to rapid iteration cycles and high R&D spending. This competitive pressure compresses profit margins, intensifies marketing costs, and accelerates product obsolescence. Additionally, aggressive pricing strategies and overlapping product portfolios make it harder for new entrants to gain traction. As companies vie for market share, sustaining long-term profitability becomes difficult, especially in regions with stringent regulatory requirements and slower adoption rates.
Covid-19 Impact
The COVID-19 pandemic initially disrupted LAAC procedures due to postponed elective surgeries and strained hospital resources. Supply chain interruptions and reduced patient visits slowed device adoption in early phases. However, the crisis also accelerated the shift toward minimally invasive, short-stay interventions, aligning with LAAC’s procedural profile. Telemedicine follow-ups and remote patient monitoring became more common, supporting continuity of care. The pandemic ultimately reinforced the value of LAAC devices as part of resilient, patient-centered cardiac care pathways.
The endocardial closure devices segment is expected to be the largest during the forecast period
The endocardial closure devices segment is expected to account for the largest market share during the forecast period, due to their minimally invasive nature and strong clinical track record. These devices, often delivered via transcatheter approaches, reduce hospital stays and recovery times compared to surgical alternatives. Continuous design improvements, such as enhanced anchoring systems and conformable frames, are boosting procedural success rates. Widespread adoption is supported by robust clinical evidence and expanding reimbursement coverage in key markets. Training programs and simulation-based education are increasing operator proficiency, further driving uptake. As patient and physician preference shifts toward less invasive solutions, endocardial devices will remain the leading product category.
The ambulatory surgical centers segment is expected to have the highest CAGR during the forecast period
Over the forecast period, the ambulatory surgical centers segment is predicted to witness the highest growth rate, due to their cost efficiency and patient convenience. Advances in device delivery systems and imaging guidance have made same-day discharge increasingly feasible. ASCs benefit from streamlined workflows, lower overhead costs, and high patient turnover, making them attractive for payers and providers. The shift toward outpatient cardiac interventions is being reinforced by favourable reimbursement policies in several countries. Partnerships between device manufacturers and ASC networks are expanding access to LAAC technology in community settings. This trend is set to accelerate as minimally invasive techniques continue to evolve.
Region with largest share:
During the forecast period, the Asia Pacific region is expected to hold the largest market share driven by a rapidly growing patient base with atrial fibrillation and rising healthcare investments. Countries like China, Japan, and India are expanding access to advanced cardiac interventions through public and private initiatives. Increasing adoption of minimally invasive cardiology procedures is supported by the availability of skilled interventional cardiologists. Government-backed programs to modernize healthcare infrastructure are improving procedural capacity. Local manufacturing partnerships are helping reduce device costs and improve availability. With strong demand fundamentals and expanding procedural capabilities, Asia Pacific will remain the anchor region for LAAC market.
Region with highest CAGR:
Over the forecast period, the North America region is anticipated to exhibit the highest CAGR, fuelled by early adoption of cutting-edge LAAC technologies and robust reimbursement frameworks. The region benefits from a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation, well-established cardiac care networks, and strong clinical research activity. Continuous product innovation, including next-generation occludes and AI-assisted procedural planning, is accelerating uptake. Regulatory clarity from agencies like the FDA is enabling faster market entry for new devices. Physician training programs and patient awareness campaigns are further boosting adoption rates.
Key players in the market
Some of the key players profiled in the Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market include Abbott Laboratories, Lepu Medical Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Boston Scientific Corporation, Occlufit Medical Ltd., Johnson & Johnson, EpiCardia Technologies, Inc., AtriCure, Inc., W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Lifetech Scientific Corporation, Keystone Heart Ltd., Occlutech Holding AG, SMT, Acutus Medical, Inc., MicroPort Scientific Corporation, and Cardia, Inc.
Key Developments:
In July 2025, Johnson & Johnson MedTech announced the launch of the VIRTUGUIDE™ System. This AI-powered, patient-matched solution is designed to support Lapidus procedures2, a type of bunion surgery that helps realign the foot by joining two bones near the arch. The system uses pre-operative planning software, developed in collaboration with PeekMed®, to assess each patient’s bunion and make personalized recommendations for the intended correction.
In April 2025, Abbott announced the launch of its neuromodulation business’ next-generation delivery system, which will be used to streamline the implantation process for electrodes used as part of its Proclaim™ DRG neurostimulation system. The new system is intended to streamline the procedure when doctors implant the system in patients who are suffering from complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) Type 1 and causalgia (CRPS Type 2) of the lower extremities.
Product Types Covered:
• Endocardial Closure Devices
• Epicardial Closure Devices
• Delivery/Access Systems & Sheaths
Procedures Covered:
• Transcatheter Approach
• Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach
• Hybrid
Material Compositions Covered:
• Nitinol-Based Devices
• Polymer-Coated
• Stainless Steel & Alloys
Sales Channels Covered:
• Direct Sales
• Distributor
End Users Covered:
• Tertiary Care Hospitals
• Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASCs)
• Specialty Cardiac Centers
• Other End Users
Regions Covered:
• North America
US
Canada
Mexico
• Europe
Germany
UK
Italy
France
Spain
Rest of Europe
• Asia Pacific
Japan
China
India
Australia
New Zealand
South Korea
Rest of Asia Pacific
• South America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Qatar
South Africa
Rest of Middle East & Africa
What our report offers:
- Market share assessments for the regional and country-level segments
- Strategic recommendations for the new entrants
- Covers Market data for the years 2024, 2025, 2026, 2028, and 2032
- Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and recommendations)
- Strategic recommendations in key business segments based on the market estimations
- Competitive landscaping mapping the key common trends
- Company profiling with detailed strategies, financials, and recent developments
- Supply chain trends mapping the latest technological advancements
Table of Contents
200 Pages
- 1 Executive Summary
- 2 Preface
- 2.1 Abstract
- 2.2 Stake Holders
- 2.3 Research Scope
- 2.4 Research Methodology
- 2.4.1 Data Mining
- 2.4.2 Data Analysis
- 2.4.3 Data Validation
- 2.4.4 Research Approach
- 2.5 Research Sources
- 2.5.1 Primary Research Sources
- 2.5.2 Secondary Research Sources
- 2.5.3 Assumptions
- 3 Market Trend Analysis
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Drivers
- 3.3 Restraints
- 3.4 Opportunities
- 3.5 Threats
- 3.6 Product Analysis
- 3.7 End User Analysis
- 3.8 Emerging Markets
- 3.9 Impact of Covid-19
- 4 Porters Five Force Analysis
- 4.1 Bargaining power of suppliers
- 4.2 Bargaining power of buyers
- 4.3 Threat of substitutes
- 4.4 Threat of new entrants
- 4.5 Competitive rivalry
- 5 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market, By Product Type
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Endocardial Closure Devices
- 5.2.1 Watchman Device Family
- 5.2.2 LAmbre Device
- 5.2.3 Amplatzer Amulet
- 5.3 Epicardial Closure Devices
- 5.3.1 LARIAT Suture Delivery Device
- 5.3.2 AtriClip
- 5.4 Delivery/Access Systems & Sheaths
- 6 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market, By Procedure
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Transcatheter Approach
- 6.3 Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach
- 6.4 Hybrid
- 7 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market, By Material Composition
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Nitinol-Based Devices
- 7.3 Polymer-Coated
- 7.4 Stainless Steel & Alloys
- 8 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market, By Sales Channel
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Direct Sales
- 8.3 Distributor
- 9 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market, By End User
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Tertiary Care Hospitals
- 9.3 Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASCs)
- 9.4 Specialty Cardiac Centers
- 9.5 Other End Users
- 10 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market, By Geography
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 North America
- 10.2.1 US
- 10.2.2 Canada
- 10.2.3 Mexico
- 10.3 Europe
- 10.3.1 Germany
- 10.3.2 UK
- 10.3.3 Italy
- 10.3.4 France
- 10.3.5 Spain
- 10.3.6 Rest of Europe
- 10.4 Asia Pacific
- 10.4.1 Japan
- 10.4.2 China
- 10.4.3 India
- 10.4.4 Australia
- 10.4.5 New Zealand
- 10.4.6 South Korea
- 10.4.7 Rest of Asia Pacific
- 10.5 South America
- 10.5.1 Argentina
- 10.5.2 Brazil
- 10.5.3 Chile
- 10.5.4 Rest of South America
- 10.6 Middle East & Africa
- 10.6.1 Saudi Arabia
- 10.6.2 UAE
- 10.6.3 Qatar
- 10.6.4 South Africa
- 10.6.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa
- 11 Key Developments
- 11.1 Agreements, Partnerships, Collaborations and Joint Ventures
- 11.2 Acquisitions & Mergers
- 11.3 New Product Launch
- 11.4 Expansions
- 11.5 Other Key Strategies
- 12 Company Profiling
- 12.1 Abbott Laboratories
- 12.2 Lepu Medical Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.
- 12.3 Boston Scientific Corporation
- 12.4 Occlufit Medical Ltd.
- 12.5 Johnson & Johnson
- 12.6 EpiCardia Technologies, Inc.
- 12.7 AtriCure, Inc.
- 12.8 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
- 12.9 Lifetech Scientific Corporation
- 12.10 Keystone Heart Ltd.
- 12.11 Occlutech Holding AG
- 12.12 SMT
- 12.13 Acutus Medical, Inc.
- 12.14 MicroPort Scientific Corporation
- 12.15 Cardia, Inc.
- List of Tables
- Table 1 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Region (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 2 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Product Type (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 3 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Endocardial Closure Devices (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 4 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Watchman Device Family (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 5 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By LAmbre Device (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 6 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Amplatzer Amulet (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 7 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Epicardial Closure Devices (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 8 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By LARIAT Suture Delivery Device (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 9 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By AtriClip (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 10 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Delivery/Access Systems & Sheaths (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 11 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Procedure (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 12 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Transcatheter Approach (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 13 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 14 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Hybrid (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 15 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Material Composition (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 16 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Nitinol-Based Devices (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 17 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Polymer-Coated (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 18 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Stainless Steel & Alloys (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 19 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Sales Channel (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 20 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Direct Sales (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 21 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Distributor (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 22 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By End User (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 23 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Tertiary Care Hospitals (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 24 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASCs) (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 25 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Specialty Cardiac Centers (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Table 26 Global Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Market Outlook, By Other End Users (2024-2032) ($MN)
- Note: Tables for North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East & Africa Regions are also represented in the same manner as above.
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