
Global Autonomous Ship and Ocean Surface Robot Market
Description
MARKET SCOPE:
The global Autonomous Ship and Ocean Surface Robot market is projected to grow significantly, registering a CAGR of 27.1% during the forecast period (2024 – 2032).
An autonomous ship refers to a waterborne vessel equipped with advanced technologies, sensors, and artificial intelligence systems that enable it to operate and navigate without direct human intervention. These vessels are designed to perform various maritime tasks, such as navigation, collision avoidance, route planning, and even cargo handling, with a high degree of autonomy. An ocean surface robot is an unmanned, autonomous vehicle designed to operate on the surface of the ocean. These robots are equipped with sensors, communication systems, and often renewable energy sources. They are used for various purposes, including environmental monitoring, data collection, surveillance, and research in marine and coastal areas. An ocean surface robot is an unmanned, autonomous vehicle designed to operate on the surface of the ocean. These robots are equipped with sensors, communication systems, and often renewable energy sources. They are used for various purposes, including environmental monitoring, data collection, surveillance, and research in marine and coastal areas. The maritime industry places a high value on safety. The demand for autonomous ships is driven by the potential to reduce the risk of human error, collisions, and accidents, leading to enhanced safety in maritime activities.
MARKET OVERVIEW:
Driver: Increasing technological advancements is driving the market growth.
Ongoing advancements in sensor technologies, including radar, lidar, sonar, and other detection systems. Enhanced sensor capabilities provide autonomous vessels with improved perception of their surroundings. This includes better object detection, recognition, and tracking, contributing to safer and more reliable maritime operations. Continuous development and refinement of AI algorithms, machine learning models, and decision-making systems. Technological progress in AI enables autonomous vessels to process complex data sets, adapt to dynamic environments, and make real-time decisions. AI-driven systems enhance the autonomy and intelligence of maritime operations. Autonomous vessels leverage machine learning to analyze historical data, adapt to changing conditions, and optimize navigation routes. This results in more fuel-efficient and time-saving maritime journeys.
Opportunities: Growing need for safety and operational efficiency is anticipated for the market growth in the upcoming years.
The primary driver behind integrating autonomous systems in maritime activities is the desire to enhance safety by minimizing the risk of human error. Autonomous vessels, equipped with advanced sensors and navigation systems, can operate with precision and adherence to safety protocols, reducing the likelihood of accidents, collisions, and other maritime incidents. By automating routine tasks and decision-making processes, autonomous systems help eliminate or reduce errors caused by fatigue, distraction, or lapses in judgment, contributing to overall maritime safety. Improved awareness of the vessel's surroundings enables better decision-making, particularly in complex maritime environments, adverse weather conditions, or congested waterways, enhancing overall safety. Autonomous vessels can operate 24/7 without the constraints of crew fatigue. This not only optimizes efficiency but also contributes to safety by ensuring vessels are constantly monitored and responsive to changing conditions.
COVID IMPACT:
The pandemic has disrupted global supply chains, affecting the production and delivery of various technologies, including those used in autonomous systems. Delays in the availability of components and equipment could impact the timelines of autonomous vessel projects. The pandemic has accelerated the adoption of remote technologies and automation across industries. In the maritime sector, there may be an increased emphasis on autonomous technologies to minimize the need for onboard crew and enhance operational resilience during health crises. The need for remote monitoring and management capabilities, which are inherent in autonomous systems, has gained importance during the pandemic. These capabilities align with the broader trend of reducing human presence on vessels to enhance safety during infectious disease outbreaks. Economic uncertainties resulting from the pandemic have led industries to focus on efficiency and cost reduction. Autonomous technologies, by optimizing operations and reducing labor costs, may become more attractive to companies seeking ways to streamline their maritime activities.
SEGMENTATION ANALYSIS:
Partial Autonomy segment is anticipated to grow significantly during the forecast period
""Partial autonomy"" in the context of autonomous ships and ocean surface robots refers to a level of automation where certain tasks or functions of the vessel are automated, but human intervention or control is still required for other aspects of operation. It represents a transitional stage between fully manual operation and full autonomy. Partially autonomous vessels have certain functions or tasks that are automated. These can include navigation, collision avoidance, route planning, or specific operational tasks. Human intervention and oversight are still essential in a partially autonomous system. While some operations are automated, a human operator or crew is responsible for monitoring, decision-making, and handling situations that fall outside the scope of automation. Partial autonomy often involves the use of semi-autonomous systems. These systems can operate independently for specific functions but may require human input for complex or unexpected scenarios. Partially autonomous vessels may feature adaptive capabilities, allowing them to adjust to changing environmental conditions, traffic patterns, or unforeseen obstacles. However, the ability to adapt might be limited compared to fully autonomous systems.
Line Fit segment is anticipated to grow significantly during the forecast period
Autonomous technologies are designed and integrated into the vessel from the beginning of the manufacturing process. This integration ensures that the autonomous features are seamlessly incorporated into the overall design and structure of the ship or ocean surface robot. Line fit solutions offer a more efficient and seamless implementation of autonomous capabilities. The technology is part of the vessel's core features, optimizing its performance and reducing the need for additional modifications. Autonomous systems that are line fit can be optimized for the specific characteristics and requirements of the vessel. This results in better performance, reliability, and safety compared to retrofitted solutions. Line fit solutions can potentially reduce the costs associated with retrofitting vessels with autonomous capabilities at a later stage. Retrofitting often involves additional expenses and modifications to existing structures.
REGIONAL ANALYSIS:
The Asia Pacific region is set to witness significant growth during the forecast period.
The concept of autonomous ships and ocean surface robots, often referred to as Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) or Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs), has been gaining attention globally. These are vessels designed to operate on the ocean's surface without direct human intervention, employing various technologies for navigation, communication, and data collection. The Asia Pacific region, being a significant player in maritime activities, is likely to be involved in the development and deployment of such autonomous systems. Autonomous surface vehicles can contribute to maritime security by patrolling and monitoring coastal areas, ports, and shipping lanes. The Asia Pacific region, with its extensive coastlines and strategic maritime locations, may have a growing demand for such systems. The Asia Pacific is prone to various environmental challenges, including typhoons, tsunamis, and pollution. Autonomous surface robots can be deployed for environmental monitoring, collecting data on water quality, climate conditions, and pollution levels. Autonomous vessels can be utilized for fisheries management and aquaculture operations. These robots can assist in monitoring fish stocks, tracking migration patterns, and supporting sustainable practices in the region's fisheries industry.
COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
The global Autonomous Ship and Ocean Surface Robot market is reasonably competitive with mergers, acquisitions, and Autonomy launches. See some of the major key players in the market.
Saab AB
In 2023, The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration has given Saab AB a contract to support the Swedish Armed Forces' Ground-Based Air Defence (GBAD) systems going forward. The deal, which has options for three more years, is estimated to be worth SEK 170 million and will run from 2023 to 2025.
The Boeing Company
In 2022, A contract of USD 972 million was given to Raytheon Missiles & Defense in September 2022 to supply AMRAAMs to the US Air Force, US Navy, and 19 other countries' militaries, including the UK, Australia, Italy, Saudi Arabia, and Japan. This contract, according to Raytheon, is the first to be made up entirely of AIM-120D3 and AIM-120C8 AMRAAMs with the most recent form, fit, and function (F3R) upgrades. These upgrades include upgraded software that will increase the missiles' ability to counter advanced threats, as well as better circuit cards and other hardware in the AMRAAM's guidance section.
ASELSAN A.Ş.
ABB
BAE Systems
Fugro
GE
Honeywell International Inc.
Kongsberg Gruppen Maritime
L3 ASV
Northrop Grumman
Rolls Royce plc
Siemens Energy
Wärtsilä
Marine Technologies LLC
SCOPE OF THE REPORT
By Autonomy
Partial Autonomy
Remotely Operated
Fully Autonomous
By Application
Line Fit
Retro Fit
By Region
North America (the United States & Canada)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Spain, Italy, and the Rest of Europe)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, and Rest of Asia Pacific)
Rest of the World (the Middle East & Africa, and Latin America)
KEY REASONS TO PURCHASE THIS REPORT
It provides a technological development map over time to understand the industry’s growth rate and indicates how the Autonomous Ship and Ocean Surface Robot market is evolving.
The report offers a dynamic method to various factors that drive or restrain the growth of the market and specifies which Autonomous Ship and Ocean Surface Robot submarket will be the main driver of the overall market from 2024 to 2032.
It renders a definite analysis of changing competitive dynamics and stipulates the leading players and what are their prospects over the forecast period.
It builds a nine-year estimate based on how the market is predicted to grow and shows what will market shares of the global region change by 2032 and which country will lead the market in 2032.
The global Autonomous Ship and Ocean Surface Robot market is projected to grow significantly, registering a CAGR of 27.1% during the forecast period (2024 – 2032).
An autonomous ship refers to a waterborne vessel equipped with advanced technologies, sensors, and artificial intelligence systems that enable it to operate and navigate without direct human intervention. These vessels are designed to perform various maritime tasks, such as navigation, collision avoidance, route planning, and even cargo handling, with a high degree of autonomy. An ocean surface robot is an unmanned, autonomous vehicle designed to operate on the surface of the ocean. These robots are equipped with sensors, communication systems, and often renewable energy sources. They are used for various purposes, including environmental monitoring, data collection, surveillance, and research in marine and coastal areas. An ocean surface robot is an unmanned, autonomous vehicle designed to operate on the surface of the ocean. These robots are equipped with sensors, communication systems, and often renewable energy sources. They are used for various purposes, including environmental monitoring, data collection, surveillance, and research in marine and coastal areas. The maritime industry places a high value on safety. The demand for autonomous ships is driven by the potential to reduce the risk of human error, collisions, and accidents, leading to enhanced safety in maritime activities.
MARKET OVERVIEW:
Driver: Increasing technological advancements is driving the market growth.
Ongoing advancements in sensor technologies, including radar, lidar, sonar, and other detection systems. Enhanced sensor capabilities provide autonomous vessels with improved perception of their surroundings. This includes better object detection, recognition, and tracking, contributing to safer and more reliable maritime operations. Continuous development and refinement of AI algorithms, machine learning models, and decision-making systems. Technological progress in AI enables autonomous vessels to process complex data sets, adapt to dynamic environments, and make real-time decisions. AI-driven systems enhance the autonomy and intelligence of maritime operations. Autonomous vessels leverage machine learning to analyze historical data, adapt to changing conditions, and optimize navigation routes. This results in more fuel-efficient and time-saving maritime journeys.
Opportunities: Growing need for safety and operational efficiency is anticipated for the market growth in the upcoming years.
The primary driver behind integrating autonomous systems in maritime activities is the desire to enhance safety by minimizing the risk of human error. Autonomous vessels, equipped with advanced sensors and navigation systems, can operate with precision and adherence to safety protocols, reducing the likelihood of accidents, collisions, and other maritime incidents. By automating routine tasks and decision-making processes, autonomous systems help eliminate or reduce errors caused by fatigue, distraction, or lapses in judgment, contributing to overall maritime safety. Improved awareness of the vessel's surroundings enables better decision-making, particularly in complex maritime environments, adverse weather conditions, or congested waterways, enhancing overall safety. Autonomous vessels can operate 24/7 without the constraints of crew fatigue. This not only optimizes efficiency but also contributes to safety by ensuring vessels are constantly monitored and responsive to changing conditions.
COVID IMPACT:
The pandemic has disrupted global supply chains, affecting the production and delivery of various technologies, including those used in autonomous systems. Delays in the availability of components and equipment could impact the timelines of autonomous vessel projects. The pandemic has accelerated the adoption of remote technologies and automation across industries. In the maritime sector, there may be an increased emphasis on autonomous technologies to minimize the need for onboard crew and enhance operational resilience during health crises. The need for remote monitoring and management capabilities, which are inherent in autonomous systems, has gained importance during the pandemic. These capabilities align with the broader trend of reducing human presence on vessels to enhance safety during infectious disease outbreaks. Economic uncertainties resulting from the pandemic have led industries to focus on efficiency and cost reduction. Autonomous technologies, by optimizing operations and reducing labor costs, may become more attractive to companies seeking ways to streamline their maritime activities.
SEGMENTATION ANALYSIS:
Partial Autonomy segment is anticipated to grow significantly during the forecast period
""Partial autonomy"" in the context of autonomous ships and ocean surface robots refers to a level of automation where certain tasks or functions of the vessel are automated, but human intervention or control is still required for other aspects of operation. It represents a transitional stage between fully manual operation and full autonomy. Partially autonomous vessels have certain functions or tasks that are automated. These can include navigation, collision avoidance, route planning, or specific operational tasks. Human intervention and oversight are still essential in a partially autonomous system. While some operations are automated, a human operator or crew is responsible for monitoring, decision-making, and handling situations that fall outside the scope of automation. Partial autonomy often involves the use of semi-autonomous systems. These systems can operate independently for specific functions but may require human input for complex or unexpected scenarios. Partially autonomous vessels may feature adaptive capabilities, allowing them to adjust to changing environmental conditions, traffic patterns, or unforeseen obstacles. However, the ability to adapt might be limited compared to fully autonomous systems.
Line Fit segment is anticipated to grow significantly during the forecast period
Autonomous technologies are designed and integrated into the vessel from the beginning of the manufacturing process. This integration ensures that the autonomous features are seamlessly incorporated into the overall design and structure of the ship or ocean surface robot. Line fit solutions offer a more efficient and seamless implementation of autonomous capabilities. The technology is part of the vessel's core features, optimizing its performance and reducing the need for additional modifications. Autonomous systems that are line fit can be optimized for the specific characteristics and requirements of the vessel. This results in better performance, reliability, and safety compared to retrofitted solutions. Line fit solutions can potentially reduce the costs associated with retrofitting vessels with autonomous capabilities at a later stage. Retrofitting often involves additional expenses and modifications to existing structures.
REGIONAL ANALYSIS:
The Asia Pacific region is set to witness significant growth during the forecast period.
The concept of autonomous ships and ocean surface robots, often referred to as Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) or Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs), has been gaining attention globally. These are vessels designed to operate on the ocean's surface without direct human intervention, employing various technologies for navigation, communication, and data collection. The Asia Pacific region, being a significant player in maritime activities, is likely to be involved in the development and deployment of such autonomous systems. Autonomous surface vehicles can contribute to maritime security by patrolling and monitoring coastal areas, ports, and shipping lanes. The Asia Pacific region, with its extensive coastlines and strategic maritime locations, may have a growing demand for such systems. The Asia Pacific is prone to various environmental challenges, including typhoons, tsunamis, and pollution. Autonomous surface robots can be deployed for environmental monitoring, collecting data on water quality, climate conditions, and pollution levels. Autonomous vessels can be utilized for fisheries management and aquaculture operations. These robots can assist in monitoring fish stocks, tracking migration patterns, and supporting sustainable practices in the region's fisheries industry.
COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
The global Autonomous Ship and Ocean Surface Robot market is reasonably competitive with mergers, acquisitions, and Autonomy launches. See some of the major key players in the market.
Saab AB
In 2023, The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration has given Saab AB a contract to support the Swedish Armed Forces' Ground-Based Air Defence (GBAD) systems going forward. The deal, which has options for three more years, is estimated to be worth SEK 170 million and will run from 2023 to 2025.
The Boeing Company
In 2022, A contract of USD 972 million was given to Raytheon Missiles & Defense in September 2022 to supply AMRAAMs to the US Air Force, US Navy, and 19 other countries' militaries, including the UK, Australia, Italy, Saudi Arabia, and Japan. This contract, according to Raytheon, is the first to be made up entirely of AIM-120D3 and AIM-120C8 AMRAAMs with the most recent form, fit, and function (F3R) upgrades. These upgrades include upgraded software that will increase the missiles' ability to counter advanced threats, as well as better circuit cards and other hardware in the AMRAAM's guidance section.
ASELSAN A.Ş.
ABB
BAE Systems
Fugro
GE
Honeywell International Inc.
Kongsberg Gruppen Maritime
L3 ASV
Northrop Grumman
Rolls Royce plc
Siemens Energy
Wärtsilä
Marine Technologies LLC
SCOPE OF THE REPORT
By Autonomy
Partial Autonomy
Remotely Operated
Fully Autonomous
By Application
Line Fit
Retro Fit
By Region
North America (the United States & Canada)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Spain, Italy, and the Rest of Europe)
Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, and Rest of Asia Pacific)
Rest of the World (the Middle East & Africa, and Latin America)
KEY REASONS TO PURCHASE THIS REPORT
It provides a technological development map over time to understand the industry’s growth rate and indicates how the Autonomous Ship and Ocean Surface Robot market is evolving.
The report offers a dynamic method to various factors that drive or restrain the growth of the market and specifies which Autonomous Ship and Ocean Surface Robot submarket will be the main driver of the overall market from 2024 to 2032.
It renders a definite analysis of changing competitive dynamics and stipulates the leading players and what are their prospects over the forecast period.
It builds a nine-year estimate based on how the market is predicted to grow and shows what will market shares of the global region change by 2032 and which country will lead the market in 2032.
Table of Contents
183 Pages
- 1. Executive Summary
- 1.1. Market Snapshot
- 1.2. Regional Analysis
- 1.3. Segment Analysis
- 2. Overview And Scope
- 2.1. Market Vision
- 2.1.1. Market Definition
- 2.2. Market Segmentation
- 3. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Overview By Region: 2019 Vs 2023 Vs 2032
- 3.1. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Regions (2019-2023) (Usd Million)
- 3.1.1. North America Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Country (2019-2023) (Usd Million)
- 3.1.2. Europe Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Country (2019-2023) (Usd Million)
- 3.1.3. Asia Pacific America Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Country (2019-2023) (Usd Million)
- 3.1.4. Rest Of The World Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Country (2019-2023) (Usd Million)
- 3.2. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Regions (2024-2032) (Usd Million)
- 3.2.1. North America Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Country (2024-2032) (Usd Million)
- 3.2.2. Europe Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Country (2024-2032) (Usd Million)
- 3.2.3. Asia Pacific Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Country (2024-2032) (Usd Million)
- 3.2.4. Rest Of The World Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Country (2024-2032) (Usd Million)
- 4. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Dynamics
- 4.1. Market Overview
- 4.1.1. Market Drivers
- 4.1.2. Market Restraints/ Challenges Analysis
- 4.1.3. Market Opportunities
- 4.2. Pestle Analysis
- 4.3. Porter’s Five Forces Model
- 4.3.1. Bargaining Power Of Suppliers
- 4.3.2. Bargaining Power Of Buyers
- 4.3.3. The Threat Of New Entrants
- 4.3.4. Threat Of Substitutes
- 4.3.5. Intensity Of Rivalry
- 4.4. Value Chain Analysis/Supply Chain Analysis
- 4.5. Covid-19 Impact Analysis On Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market
- ** In – Depth Qualitative Analysis Will Be Provided In The Final Report Subject To Market
- 5. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market, By Autonomy
- 5.1. Overview
- 5.2. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Autonomy (2019 - 2032) (Usd Million)
- 5.3. Key Findings For Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market - By Autonomy
- 5.3.1. Partial Autonomy
- 5.3.2. Remotely Operated
- 5.3.3. Fully Autonomous
- 6. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market, By Application
- 6.1. Overview
- 6.2. Key Findings For Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market - By Application
- 6.2.1. Line Fit
- 6.2.2. Retro Fit
- 7. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market, By Region
- 7.1. Overview
- 7.2. Key Findings For Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market- By Region
- 7.3. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market, By Autonomy
- 7.4. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market, By Application
- 8. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market- North America
- 8.1. Overview
- 8.2. North America Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size (2019 - 2032) (Usd Million)
- 8.3. North America Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market, By Autonomy
- 8.4. North America Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market, By Application
- 8.5. North America Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Countries
- 8.5.1. United States
- 8.5.2. Canada
- 9. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market- Europe
- 9.1. Overview
- 9.2. Europe Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size (2019 - 2032) (Usd Million)
- 9.3. Europe Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market, By Autonomy
- 9.4. Europe Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market, By Application
- 9.5. Europe Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Countries
- 9.5.1. Germany
- 9.5.2. Uk
- 9.5.3. France
- 9.5.4. Spain
- 9.5.5. Italy
- 9.5.6. Rest Of Europe
- 10. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market - Asia Pacific
- 10.1. Overview
- 10.2. Asia Pacific Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size (2019 - 2032) (Usd Million)
- 10.3. Asia Pacific Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market, By Autonomy
- 10.4. Asia Pacific Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market, By Application
- 10.5. Asia Pacific Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Countries
- 10.5.1. China
- 10.5.2. Japan
- 10.5.3. India
- 10.5.4. Rest Of Asia Pacific
- 11. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market- Rest Of World
- 11.1. Overview
- 11.2. Rest Of World Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size (2019 - 2032) (Usd Million)
- 11.3. Rest Of World Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market, By Autonomy
- 11.4. Rest Of World Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market, By Application
- 11.5. Rest Of World Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market Size By Regions
- 11.5.1. Middle East & Africa
- 11.5.2. Latin America
- 12. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market- Competitive Landscape
- 12.1. Key Strategies Adopted By The Leading Players
- 12.2. Recent Developments
- 12.2.1. Investments & Expansions
- 12.2.2. New End-user Launches
- 12.2.3. Mergers & Acquisitions
- 12.2.4. Agreements, Joint Ventures, And Partnerships
- 13. Global Autonomous Ship And Ocean Surface Robot Market- Company Profiles
- 13.1. Aselsan A.Ş.
- 13.1.1. Company Overview
- 13.1.2. Financial Overview
- 13.1.3. Autonomy Offered
- 13.1.4. Key Developments
- 13.2. Abb
- 13.3. Bae Systems
- 13.4. The Boeing Company
- 13.5. Saab Ab
- 13.6. Fugro
- 13.7. Ge
- 13.8. Honeywell International Inc.
- 13.9. Kongsberg Gruppen Maritime
- 13.10. L3 Asv
- 13.11. Northrop Grumman
- 13.12. Rolls Royce Plc
- 13.13. Siemens Energy
- 13.14. Wärtsilä
- 13.15. Marine Technologies Llc
- 14. Our Research Methodology
- 14.1. Data Triangulation
- 14.2. Data Sources
- 14.2.1. Secondary Sources
- 14.2.2. Primary Sources
- 14.3. Assumptions/ Limitations For The Study
- 14.4. Research & Forecasting Methodology
- 15. Appendix
- 15.1. Disclaimer
- 15.2. Contact Us
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