USA Wheat Market Outlook to 2028

USA Wheat Market Overview

The USA wheat market was at 2 Bn bushels in 2023 driven by strong demand for wheat in both domestic consumption and export markets.

Key players in the market include Archer Daniels Midland Company, Cargill, Inc., Bunge Limited, General Mills, Inc., and Tyson Foods, Inc. These companies dominate due to their extensive supply chains, strong brand presence, and innovation in product offerings.

In 2023, Cargill invested nearly $50 million to enhance its Global Animal Nutrition Innovation Center in Elk River, Minnesota, just 30 minutes from its main office in Minneapolis. This funding was used to upgrade animal facilities, including the addition of a dairy innovation unit, expand the existing feed mill on-site, create a visitor's space, and establish a laboratory dedicated to nutrient research and development.

USA Wheat Market Analysis

Regenerative agriculture practices were implemented on 10% of US wheat farms in 2024, enhancing soil health, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration. Supported by government incentives and market demand for sustainable wheat, these practices improve long-term sustainability and climate resilience.

Archer Daniels Midland Company and Cargill, Inc. dominate due to their extensive global supply chains, advanced processing technologies, and strong market presence. The bakery segment is dominant because of the high demand for bread, pastries, and other wheat-based baked goods. This segment continues to grow due to the rising popularity of artisanal and organic bakery products.

The Midwest region, particularly the Great Plains, is the dominant area in the USA wheat market. This region includes states like Kansas, North Dakota, Montana, and South Dakota, which are known for their substantial wheat production.

USA Wheat Market Segmentation

The USA Wheat Market is segmented based on various factors. Here are three key segmentation types with their sub-segments and estimated market share ranges:

By Product Type: USA wheat market segmented by product type is divided into hard red winter, soft red winter, hard red spring, soft white and durum wheat. In 2023, hard red winter wheat dominated due to its high protein content, making it ideal for bread and all-purpose flour. With consumers' preference for these staple food items, hard red winter wheat maintains a significant market share. Its adaptability to various climates ensures consistent production, further solidifying its market leadership.

By End-User: USA wheat market segmented by end user is divided into bakery products, animal feed, breakfast cereals and pasta & noodles. In 2023, bakery products dominated due to the high demand for bread, cakes, pastries, and other bakery items. Bread, being a staple food, accounts for a significant portion of wheat consumption, contributing to the dominance of this segment. Additionally, the growing trend of artisanal and organic bakery products further boosts the demand for wheat in this category.

By Distribution Channel: The USA Wheat Market is segmented by distribution channel into supermarkets/hypermarkets, convenience stores, online retail, specialty stores, and others. In 2023, supermarkets/hypermarkets dominated the market owing to accessibility and a wide range of wheat products attract consumers to supermarkets and hypermarkets, making this channel dominant. These retail outlets offer convenience and one-stop shopping experiences, driving significant sales of wheat products.

USA Wheat Market Competitive Landscape

Company

Establishment Year

Headquarters

Archer Daniels Midland

1902

Chicago, Illinois

Cargill, Incorporated

1865

Wayzata, Minnesota

Bunge Limited

1818

Chesterfield, Missouri

General Mills, Inc.

1928

Minneapolis, Minnesota

Conagra Brands, Inc.

1919

Chicago, Illinois

ADM's Expansion of Milling Capacity: In 2023, ADM has exceeded its goal of implementing regenerative agriculture practices on over 2 million acres. The company has now increased its target to 5 million acres by 2025. This initiative is part of ADM's broader strategy to promote sustainable farming practices and improve environmental outcomes within the agricultural sector​.

Bunge Limited's Acquisition of Bioethanol Producer: In 2024, Bunge Limited acquired a major bioethanol producer to diversify its portfolio into bio-based products. This strategic move aims to capitalize on the demand for renewable energy and enhance revenue streams, leveraging wheat as a bioethanol feedstock.

General Mills' Sustainability Initiative: General Mills launched a sustainability initiative in 2024, committing to sourcing 50% of its wheat from regenerative farms by 2030. This initiative focuses on improving soil health, biodiversity, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, with training and resources provided to farmers.

USA Wheat Industry Analysis

USA Wheat Market Growth Drivers

Technological Advancements in Farming: Precision agriculture technologies, such as GPS-guided equipment, drones for crop monitoring, and AI-driven analytics, have revolutionized wheat farming in the USA, boosting crop in 2024. Genetically modified wheat varieties resistant to pests and diseases reduce chemical inputs, resulting in cost savings and environmental benefits.

Rising Export Demand: The USA exported 28 million metric tons of wheat in 2024, driven by growing consumption in Asia and Africa. The USDA reported increase in wheat exports to Asia due to rising populations and urbanization, providing a stable market and encouraging increased production and investment.

Government Support and Subsidies: The 2024 Farm Bill offers subsidies and crop insurance programs that accounted for 25% of wheat farmers' income, ensuring economic stability. Government-funded research focuses on developing high-yield, climate-resilient wheat varieties, further supporting industry growth.

USA Wheat Market Challenges

Climate Change and Extreme Weather: Climate change poses a threat to wheat production, with the National Climate Assessment predicting a 6% yield decrease by 2030. Severe droughts, like the one in the Midwest in 2024, caused a 10% reduction in wheat output, making adaptive farming strategies essential.

Market Volatility: The global wheat market experienced significant price fluctuations in 2024, with decrease in the first quarter due to oversupply and a sharp increase in the second quarter from geopolitical tensions. Such volatility complicates income stability and planning for farmers.

Pest and Disease Pressure: Wheat crops face threats from pests and diseases, like the 2024 wheat rust outbreak affecting acreage in the Northern Plains, causing $200 million in losses. This necessitates continuous investment in pest-resistant varieties and effective management practices.

USA Wheat Market Government Initiatives

Trade Promotion Initiatives: In 2024, the Market Access Program (MAP) and the Foreign Market Development (FMD) program received $300 million to boost wheat exports. These initiatives include marketing campaigns, trade missions, and support for international trade shows, helping US wheat farmers expand their global markets.

Climate Smart Agriculture Program: This program, launched in 2023 to promote sustainable practices like no-till farming, cover cropping, and precision irrigation. It is part of the $302.1 million investment under the Natural Heritage Trust over five years from 2023-24. These practices help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve farm resilience to climate variability.

USA Wheat Future Market Outlook

The USA Wheat market is projected to show significant growth, driven by increasing global demand and technological advancements in farming.

Future Market Trends

Increasing Adoption of Organic Wheat Farming: Driven by health and environmental concerns, organic wheat farming acreage will continue to grow, likely surpassing 5 million acres. Organic wheat will command a premium price, with sales expected to increase by 12% year-over-year, reflecting ongoing strong consumer demand.

Expansion of Digital and Smart Farming Technologies: By 2028, a greater percentage of wheat farms will adopt smart farming solutions, utilizing Io T devices, big data analytics, and blockchain to monitor soil health, weather, and crop growth in real-time. These technologies will enhance resource use efficiency and supply chain transparency.

Growth of Wheat-based Alternative Products: The market for wheat-based alternative products, such as plant-based meats and gluten-free items, will continue to expand rapidly. Sales of wheat protein isolates for plant-based meat substitutes are projected to grow by 15%, driven by increasing interest in plant-based diets and the rising prevalence of gluten intolerance.
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