Polyurethane Chemicals and Products in Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA), 2024- Volume 2 - Flexible Foam
Description
Introduction This is the second volume in a series of eight, examining the market for polyurethane chemicals and their use in the manufacture of polyurethane products in Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA). This volume focuses specifically on polyurethane flexible foam. The titles of all eight volumes are: Volume 1: Raw Materials, Volume 2: Flexible Foam, Volume 3: Rigid Foam, Volume 4: Coatings, Volume 5: Adhesives and Sealants, Volume 6: Elastomers, Volume 7: Binders, and Volume 8: End-Use Markets. Each volume can be used alone and includes a summary containing details of the total use of polyurethane chemicals. This new study revises and updates IAL's research of the polyurethane industry in EMEA. It builds upon ongoing research into various sectors conducted in recent years. The information contained within this report is based upon an extensive programme of interviews throughout the industry, involving raw materials producers and suppliers, end users, systems houses and relevant trade associations and industry experts. The research for this report was undertaken during the first quarter of 2025, when respondents were able to discuss figures for the full year of 2024. This report contains raw material consumption figures for the production of all major polyurethane product types, for the year 2024 and forecasts to 2029.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This report describes the supply and demand of raw materials in the following geographic regions: Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and Middle East & Africa. The Western European countries included are Austria, Benelux (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg), France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Ireland, Nordic Countries (Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark), Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Eastern European countries are Czech Republic, CIS (excluding Russia), Hungary, Other Eastern Europe (including Baltic States, Bulgaria, Romania), Poland, Russia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Turkiye. Middle East & Africa regions are Algeria, East Africa, Egypt, Iran, Levant (Jordan, Lebanon, Syria), Morocco, Other GCC (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar), Other Middle East, Rest of North Africa, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and West Africa.
Product Scope.
This volume provides information relating to the production of binders and related consumption of the principal PU raw materials, with estimates for 2024 and forecasts for 2029.
METHODOLOGY.
Information in this volume was obtained from existing in-house data and an extensive program of interviews with product manufacturers, trade associations, raw material producers, and systems houses across EMEA. Published data and statistics were also reviewed to produce accurate figures for raw material consumption. Forecasts for the production of PU products and raw material consumption for 2029 have been calculated based on industry and economic forecasts, as well as commercial and technical issues that may affect market sectors and products. Detailed market analyses of all product sectors are presented in the relevant volumes. Slight discrepancies in the totals may occur due to rounding.
PRODUCTS AND END USES.
The production of polyurethane flexible foam and related raw material demand is broken down into: Flexible Slabstock Foam (Polyether, HR/CMHR, Polyester, Viscoelastic Foam), Flexible Moulded Foam (Automotive Seating Foam, Commercial Vehicle Seating Foam, Transport Other Foam, Carpet Backing & NVH, Furniture Components), Semi-rigid Foam, and Integral Skin Foam.
UNITS OF VOLUME.
All volumes in this report are in tonnes of finished PU flexible foam and tonnes of raw material consumed, including additives, fillers, and other materials.
FORECASTS.
Forecasts are based on industry comments and economic indicators. It can be difficult to summarize forecasts for all polyurethane materials due to many different factors affecting the market. Forecasts for changes in production by product type and application are provided for each country covered in the report. These are five-year forecasts derived from industry comments and expectations from both end-user and raw material sectors. Forecasts for production in 2028 are given alongside the actual production figures for 2023. Additional statistical information to support market figures for each end-use sector is in Volume 8. Given current global economic and political uncertainties, forecasts for 2024 and beyond are based on the latest available information at the time of publication. IAL recognizes that these forecasts may be superseded by events and may update them in subsequent estimates scheduled for 2024.
FORMULATIONS.
The report makes assumptions about product formulations due to the multitude of proprietary formulations used. The assumptions are expressed as % w/w formulations and are used to calculate raw material consumption by product.
Indicative Formulations. The following table shows flexible foam raw material formulations in % w/w:
Furniture Components Foam: 8% MMDI, 4% Other Material, 15% PMDI, 66% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 7% TDI.
Integral Skin Foam: 5% Other Material, 5% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 45% PMDI, 2% Polyester Polyol, 43% Stand. P'ether Polyol.
Semi-Rigid Foam: 42% PMDI, 58% Stand. P'ether Polyol.
HR/CMHR Foam: 2% MMDI, 12% Other Material, 27% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 2% PMDI, 31% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 26% TDI.
Polyester Foam: 5% Other Material, 3% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 57% Polyester Polyol, 3% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 32% TDI.
Polyether Foam: 2% Other Material, 8% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 57% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 33% TDI.
Viscoelastic Foam: 10% Other Material, 7% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 10% PMDI, 3% Polyester Polyol, 48% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 22% TDI.
Automotive Seating Foam: 10% MMDI, 4% Other Material, 12% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 13% PMDI, 42% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 19% TDI.
Carpet Backing & NVH Foam: 7% MMDI, 4% Other Material, 23% PMDI, 66% Stand. P'ether Polyol.
Comm. Vehicle Seating Foam: 8% MMDI, 4% Other Material, 12% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 24% PMDI, 42% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 10% TDI.
Transport Other Foam: 8% MMDI, 4% Other Material, 12% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 24% PMDI, 42% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 10% TDI.
Abbreviations. The following table lists abbreviations used:
BEV: Battery electric vehicle.
CAGR: Compound annual growth rate.
CMHR: Combustion modified high resilience foam.
CO2: Carbon dioxide.
DPP: Digital product passport.
ECV: Electric commercial vehicle.
EEA: European Economic Area.
ELV: End-of-life vehicle.
EPR: Extended producer responsibility.
EV: Electric vehicle.
FR: Flame retardant.
FX: Foreign exchange.
GCC: Gulf Cooperation Council.
GDP: Gross domestic product.
GFCF: Gross fixed capital formation.
HR: High Resilience.
ICE: Internal combustion engine.
LTFV: Less than fair value.
MDI: Methylene bis (4-phenyl isocyanate).
MENA: Middle East & North Africa.
MMDI: Monomeric MDI (pure MDI).
NCO: Isocyanate.
NVH: Noise vibration harshness.
OEM: Original equipment manufacturer.
PHEV: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
PMDI: Polymeric MDI (crude MDI).
PU: Polyurethane.
R&D: Research & development.
REACH: Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals.
RFID: Radio-frequency identification.
SME: Small and medium sized enterprise.
STEL: Short-term exposure limit.
SUV: Sports utility vehicle.
TCPP: Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate.
TDI: Toluene 2,4di--isocyanate.
TWA: Time weighted average.
VOC: Volatile organic compound.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This report describes the supply and demand of raw materials in the following geographic regions: Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and Middle East & Africa. The Western European countries included are Austria, Benelux (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg), France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Ireland, Nordic Countries (Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark), Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Eastern European countries are Czech Republic, CIS (excluding Russia), Hungary, Other Eastern Europe (including Baltic States, Bulgaria, Romania), Poland, Russia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Turkiye. Middle East & Africa regions are Algeria, East Africa, Egypt, Iran, Levant (Jordan, Lebanon, Syria), Morocco, Other GCC (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar), Other Middle East, Rest of North Africa, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and West Africa.
Product Scope.
This volume provides information relating to the production of binders and related consumption of the principal PU raw materials, with estimates for 2024 and forecasts for 2029.
METHODOLOGY.
Information in this volume was obtained from existing in-house data and an extensive program of interviews with product manufacturers, trade associations, raw material producers, and systems houses across EMEA. Published data and statistics were also reviewed to produce accurate figures for raw material consumption. Forecasts for the production of PU products and raw material consumption for 2029 have been calculated based on industry and economic forecasts, as well as commercial and technical issues that may affect market sectors and products. Detailed market analyses of all product sectors are presented in the relevant volumes. Slight discrepancies in the totals may occur due to rounding.
PRODUCTS AND END USES.
The production of polyurethane flexible foam and related raw material demand is broken down into: Flexible Slabstock Foam (Polyether, HR/CMHR, Polyester, Viscoelastic Foam), Flexible Moulded Foam (Automotive Seating Foam, Commercial Vehicle Seating Foam, Transport Other Foam, Carpet Backing & NVH, Furniture Components), Semi-rigid Foam, and Integral Skin Foam.
UNITS OF VOLUME.
All volumes in this report are in tonnes of finished PU flexible foam and tonnes of raw material consumed, including additives, fillers, and other materials.
FORECASTS.
Forecasts are based on industry comments and economic indicators. It can be difficult to summarize forecasts for all polyurethane materials due to many different factors affecting the market. Forecasts for changes in production by product type and application are provided for each country covered in the report. These are five-year forecasts derived from industry comments and expectations from both end-user and raw material sectors. Forecasts for production in 2028 are given alongside the actual production figures for 2023. Additional statistical information to support market figures for each end-use sector is in Volume 8. Given current global economic and political uncertainties, forecasts for 2024 and beyond are based on the latest available information at the time of publication. IAL recognizes that these forecasts may be superseded by events and may update them in subsequent estimates scheduled for 2024.
FORMULATIONS.
The report makes assumptions about product formulations due to the multitude of proprietary formulations used. The assumptions are expressed as % w/w formulations and are used to calculate raw material consumption by product.
Indicative Formulations. The following table shows flexible foam raw material formulations in % w/w:
Furniture Components Foam: 8% MMDI, 4% Other Material, 15% PMDI, 66% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 7% TDI.
Integral Skin Foam: 5% Other Material, 5% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 45% PMDI, 2% Polyester Polyol, 43% Stand. P'ether Polyol.
Semi-Rigid Foam: 42% PMDI, 58% Stand. P'ether Polyol.
HR/CMHR Foam: 2% MMDI, 12% Other Material, 27% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 2% PMDI, 31% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 26% TDI.
Polyester Foam: 5% Other Material, 3% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 57% Polyester Polyol, 3% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 32% TDI.
Polyether Foam: 2% Other Material, 8% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 57% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 33% TDI.
Viscoelastic Foam: 10% Other Material, 7% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 10% PMDI, 3% Polyester Polyol, 48% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 22% TDI.
Automotive Seating Foam: 10% MMDI, 4% Other Material, 12% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 13% PMDI, 42% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 19% TDI.
Carpet Backing & NVH Foam: 7% MMDI, 4% Other Material, 23% PMDI, 66% Stand. P'ether Polyol.
Comm. Vehicle Seating Foam: 8% MMDI, 4% Other Material, 12% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 24% PMDI, 42% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 10% TDI.
Transport Other Foam: 8% MMDI, 4% Other Material, 12% P'ether Graft Copo Polyol, 24% PMDI, 42% Stand. P'ether Polyol, 10% TDI.
Abbreviations. The following table lists abbreviations used:
BEV: Battery electric vehicle.
CAGR: Compound annual growth rate.
CMHR: Combustion modified high resilience foam.
CO2: Carbon dioxide.
DPP: Digital product passport.
ECV: Electric commercial vehicle.
EEA: European Economic Area.
ELV: End-of-life vehicle.
EPR: Extended producer responsibility.
EV: Electric vehicle.
FR: Flame retardant.
FX: Foreign exchange.
GCC: Gulf Cooperation Council.
GDP: Gross domestic product.
GFCF: Gross fixed capital formation.
HR: High Resilience.
ICE: Internal combustion engine.
LTFV: Less than fair value.
MDI: Methylene bis (4-phenyl isocyanate).
MENA: Middle East & North Africa.
MMDI: Monomeric MDI (pure MDI).
NCO: Isocyanate.
NVH: Noise vibration harshness.
OEM: Original equipment manufacturer.
PHEV: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
PMDI: Polymeric MDI (crude MDI).
PU: Polyurethane.
R&D: Research & development.
REACH: Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals.
RFID: Radio-frequency identification.
SME: Small and medium sized enterprise.
STEL: Short-term exposure limit.
SUV: Sports utility vehicle.
TCPP: Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate.
TDI: Toluene 2,4di--isocyanate.
TWA: Time weighted average.
VOC: Volatile organic compound.
Table of Contents
225 Pages
- 1. Introduction Flexible Foam Products
- 1.1 Introduction.
- 1.2 Indicative Formulations.
- 1.3 Abbreviations.
- 2. Flexible Foam Product Description
- 2.1 Product Description
- 3. Key Market Players
- 3.1 Major Producers Of Flexible Slabstock Foam.
- 3.2 Major Producers Of Flexible Moulded Foam.
- 4. Total Emea Flexible Foam
- 4.1 Flexible Foam Trends - Emea.
- 4.2 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 4.3 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam By End Use.
- 4.4 Pu Production By Type And Country - Western Europe.
- 4.5 Pu Production By Type And Country - Cee.
- 4.6 Pu Production By Type And Country - Mea.
- 4.7 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 4.8 Forecast Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.1 Western Europe Flexible Foam
- 5.1.1 Flexible Foam Trends - Western Europe.
- 5.1.2 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 5.1.3 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam By End Use.
- 5.1.4 Pu Production By Type And Country..
- 5.1.5 Forecast Pu Production By Type And Country.
- 5.1.6 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.1.7 Forecast Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.2 Austria
- 5.2.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 5.2.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 5.2.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.3 Benelux
- 5.3.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 5.3.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 5.3.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.4 France
- 5.4.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 5.4.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.4.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.5 Germany
- 5.5.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 5.5.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 5.5.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption
- 5.6 Greece
- 5.6.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 5.6.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 5.6.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.7 Ireland
- 5.7.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 5.7.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 5.7.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption
- 5.8 Italy
- 5.8.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 5.8.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.8.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.9 Nordics
- 5.9.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 5.9.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.9.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.10 Portugal
- 5.10.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 5.10.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.10.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.11 Spain
- 5.11.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 5.11.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 5.11.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.12 Switzerland
- 5.12.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 5.12.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.12.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 5.13 Uk
- 5.13.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 5.13.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 5.13.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 6.1 Central And Eastern Europe Flexible Foam
- 6.1.1 Flexible Foam Trends - Central And Eastern Europe..
- 6.1.2 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 6.1.3 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam By End Use..
- 6.1.4 Pu Production By Type And Country.
- 6.1.5 Forecast Pu Production By Type And Country.
- 6.1.6 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 6.1.7 Forecast Raw Material Consumption
- 6.2 Cis (Excl Russia)
- 6.2.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 6.2.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 6.2.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 6.3 Czech Republic
- 6.3.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 6.3.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 6.3.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 6.4 Hungary
- 6.4.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 6.4.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 6.4.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption
- 6.5 Other Eastern Europe
- 6.5.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 6.5.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 6.5.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 6.6 Poland
- 6.6.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 6.6.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 6.6.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 6.7 Romania
- 6.7.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 6.7.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 6.7.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 6.8 Russia
- 6.8.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 6.8.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 6.8.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 6.9 Slovakia
- 6.9.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 6.9.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 6.9.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 6.10 Slovenia
- 6.10.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 6.10.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 6.10.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 6.11 Turkey
- 6.11.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 6.11.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 6.11.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.1 Middle East And Africa Flexible Foam
- 7.1.1 Flexible Foam Trends - Middle East And Africa.
- 7.1.2 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 7.1.3 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam By End Use.
- 7.1.4 Pu Production By Type And Country.
- 7.1.5 Forecast Pu Production By Type And Country.
- 7.1.6 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.1.7 Forecast Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.2 Algeria
- 7.2.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 7.2.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 7.2.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.3 East Africa
- 7.3.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 7.3.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.3.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.4 Egypt
- 7.4.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 7.4.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.4.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.5 Iran
- 7.5.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 7.5.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 7.5.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.6 Levant
- 7.6.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 7.6.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.6.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.7 Morocco
- 7.7.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 7.7.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 7.7.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.8 Other Gcc
- 7.8.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 7.8.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 7.8.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.9 Other Middle East
- 7.9.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 7.9.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.9.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.10 Rest Of North Africa
- 7.10.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 7.10.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 7.10.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption
- 7.11 Saudi Arabia
- 7.11.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 7.11.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 7.11.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.12 South Africa
- 7.12.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 7.12.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 7.12.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption
- 7.13 Tunisia
- 7.13.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 7.13.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.13.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.14 Uae
- 7.14.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam.
- 7.14.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.14.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
- 7.15 West Africa
- 7.15.1 Growth In Production Of Flexible Foam..
- 7.15.2 Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption..
- 7.15.3 Forecast Flexible Foam Raw Material Consumption.
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