Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Market 2025 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2031
Description
According to our (Global Info Research) latest study, the global Medical Gundrilling Machine market size was valued at US$ million in 2024 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD million by 2031 with a CAGR of %during review period.
According to our research, the global market for medical devices is estimated at US$ 603 billion in the year 2023, and will be growing at a CAGR of 5% during next six years. The global healthcare spending contributes to occupy 10% of the global GDP and is continuously rising in recent years due to the increasing health needs of the aging population, the growing prevalence of chronic and infectious diseases and the expansion of emerging markets. The medical devices market plays a significant role in the healthcare industry. The market is driven by several factors, including the increasing demand for advanced healthcare services globally, advancements in medical technology, growing geriatric population, rising healthcare expenditure, and increasing awareness about early disease diagnosis and treatment.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Medical Gundrilling Machine market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by manufacturers, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2025, are provided.
Key Features:
Global Medical Gundrilling Machine market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2020-2031
Global Medical Gundrilling Machine market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2020-2031
Global Medical Gundrilling Machine market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2020-2031
Global Medical Gundrilling Machine market shares of main players, shipments in revenue ($ Million), sales quantity (Units), and ASP (US$/Unit), 2020-2025
The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
To assess the growth potential for Medical Gundrilling Machine
To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace
This report profiles key players in the global Medical Gundrilling Machine market based on the following parameters - company overview, sales quantity, revenue, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Unisig, Mollart, Profidrill, HI-TAK, Precihole, HTT, Tegra Medical, Guanlu Precision Machinery, Widma, Vastuna, etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals.
Market Segmentation
Medical Gundrilling Machine market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2020-2031, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
Market segment by Type
Relative Rotation
Reverse Rotation
Forward Rotation
Market segment by Application
Bone Screw
Femoral Nail
Tibial Nail
Others
Major players covered
Unisig
Mollart
Profidrill
HI-TAK
Precihole
HTT
Tegra Medical
Guanlu Precision Machinery
Widma
Vastuna
GSM
J&J Gun Drilling
American Drilling
Grover Gundrilling
Kays
Market segment by region, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Medical Gundrilling Machine product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Medical Gundrilling Machine, with price, sales quantity, revenue, and global market share of Medical Gundrilling Machine from 2020 to 2025.
Chapter 3, the Medical Gundrilling Machine competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue, and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Medical Gundrilling Machine breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value, and growth by regions, from 2020 to 2031.
Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and by Application, with sales market share and growth rate by Type, by Application, from 2020 to 2031.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value, and market share for key countries in the world, from 2020 to 2025.and Medical Gundrilling Machine market forecast, by regions, by Type, and by Application, with sales and revenue, from 2026 to 2031.
Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, and Porters Five Forces analysis.
Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Medical Gundrilling Machine.
Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Medical Gundrilling Machine sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.
According to our research, the global market for medical devices is estimated at US$ 603 billion in the year 2023, and will be growing at a CAGR of 5% during next six years. The global healthcare spending contributes to occupy 10% of the global GDP and is continuously rising in recent years due to the increasing health needs of the aging population, the growing prevalence of chronic and infectious diseases and the expansion of emerging markets. The medical devices market plays a significant role in the healthcare industry. The market is driven by several factors, including the increasing demand for advanced healthcare services globally, advancements in medical technology, growing geriatric population, rising healthcare expenditure, and increasing awareness about early disease diagnosis and treatment.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Medical Gundrilling Machine market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by manufacturers, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2025, are provided.
Key Features:
Global Medical Gundrilling Machine market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2020-2031
Global Medical Gundrilling Machine market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2020-2031
Global Medical Gundrilling Machine market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2020-2031
Global Medical Gundrilling Machine market shares of main players, shipments in revenue ($ Million), sales quantity (Units), and ASP (US$/Unit), 2020-2025
The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
To assess the growth potential for Medical Gundrilling Machine
To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace
This report profiles key players in the global Medical Gundrilling Machine market based on the following parameters - company overview, sales quantity, revenue, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Unisig, Mollart, Profidrill, HI-TAK, Precihole, HTT, Tegra Medical, Guanlu Precision Machinery, Widma, Vastuna, etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals.
Market Segmentation
Medical Gundrilling Machine market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2020-2031, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
Market segment by Type
Relative Rotation
Reverse Rotation
Forward Rotation
Market segment by Application
Bone Screw
Femoral Nail
Tibial Nail
Others
Major players covered
Unisig
Mollart
Profidrill
HI-TAK
Precihole
HTT
Tegra Medical
Guanlu Precision Machinery
Widma
Vastuna
GSM
J&J Gun Drilling
American Drilling
Grover Gundrilling
Kays
Market segment by region, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Medical Gundrilling Machine product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Medical Gundrilling Machine, with price, sales quantity, revenue, and global market share of Medical Gundrilling Machine from 2020 to 2025.
Chapter 3, the Medical Gundrilling Machine competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue, and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Medical Gundrilling Machine breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value, and growth by regions, from 2020 to 2031.
Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and by Application, with sales market share and growth rate by Type, by Application, from 2020 to 2031.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value, and market share for key countries in the world, from 2020 to 2025.and Medical Gundrilling Machine market forecast, by regions, by Type, and by Application, with sales and revenue, from 2026 to 2031.
Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, and Porters Five Forces analysis.
Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Medical Gundrilling Machine.
Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Medical Gundrilling Machine sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.
Table of Contents
117 Pages
- 1 Market Overview
- 1.1 Product Overview and Scope
- 1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
- 1.3 Market Analysis by Type
- 1.3.1 Overview: Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value by Type: 2020 Versus 2024 Versus 2031
- 1.3.2 Relative Rotation
- 1.3.3 Reverse Rotation
- 1.3.4 Forward Rotation
- 1.4 Market Analysis by Application
- 1.4.1 Overview: Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value by Application: 2020 Versus 2024 Versus 2031
- 1.4.2 Bone Screw
- 1.4.3 Femoral Nail
- 1.4.4 Tibial Nail
- 1.4.5 Others
- 1.5 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Market Size & Forecast
- 1.5.1 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value (2020 & 2024 & 2031)
- 1.5.2 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity (2020-2031)
- 1.5.3 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Average Price (2020-2031)
- 2 Manufacturers Profiles
- 2.1 Unisig
- 2.1.1 Unisig Details
- 2.1.2 Unisig Major Business
- 2.1.3 Unisig Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.1.4 Unisig Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.1.5 Unisig Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.2 Mollart
- 2.2.1 Mollart Details
- 2.2.2 Mollart Major Business
- 2.2.3 Mollart Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.2.4 Mollart Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.2.5 Mollart Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.3 Profidrill
- 2.3.1 Profidrill Details
- 2.3.2 Profidrill Major Business
- 2.3.3 Profidrill Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.3.4 Profidrill Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.3.5 Profidrill Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.4 HI-TAK
- 2.4.1 HI-TAK Details
- 2.4.2 HI-TAK Major Business
- 2.4.3 HI-TAK Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.4.4 HI-TAK Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.4.5 HI-TAK Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.5 Precihole
- 2.5.1 Precihole Details
- 2.5.2 Precihole Major Business
- 2.5.3 Precihole Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.5.4 Precihole Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.5.5 Precihole Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.6 HTT
- 2.6.1 HTT Details
- 2.6.2 HTT Major Business
- 2.6.3 HTT Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.6.4 HTT Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.6.5 HTT Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.7 Tegra Medical
- 2.7.1 Tegra Medical Details
- 2.7.2 Tegra Medical Major Business
- 2.7.3 Tegra Medical Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.7.4 Tegra Medical Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.7.5 Tegra Medical Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.8 Guanlu Precision Machinery
- 2.8.1 Guanlu Precision Machinery Details
- 2.8.2 Guanlu Precision Machinery Major Business
- 2.8.3 Guanlu Precision Machinery Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.8.4 Guanlu Precision Machinery Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.8.5 Guanlu Precision Machinery Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.9 Widma
- 2.9.1 Widma Details
- 2.9.2 Widma Major Business
- 2.9.3 Widma Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.9.4 Widma Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.9.5 Widma Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.10 Vastuna
- 2.10.1 Vastuna Details
- 2.10.2 Vastuna Major Business
- 2.10.3 Vastuna Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.10.4 Vastuna Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.10.5 Vastuna Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.11 GSM
- 2.11.1 GSM Details
- 2.11.2 GSM Major Business
- 2.11.3 GSM Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.11.4 GSM Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.11.5 GSM Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.12 J&J Gun Drilling
- 2.12.1 J&J Gun Drilling Details
- 2.12.2 J&J Gun Drilling Major Business
- 2.12.3 J&J Gun Drilling Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.12.4 J&J Gun Drilling Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.12.5 J&J Gun Drilling Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.13 American Drilling
- 2.13.1 American Drilling Details
- 2.13.2 American Drilling Major Business
- 2.13.3 American Drilling Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.13.4 American Drilling Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.13.5 American Drilling Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.14 Grover Gundrilling
- 2.14.1 Grover Gundrilling Details
- 2.14.2 Grover Gundrilling Major Business
- 2.14.3 Grover Gundrilling Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.14.4 Grover Gundrilling Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.14.5 Grover Gundrilling Recent Developments/Updates
- 2.15 Kays
- 2.15.1 Kays Details
- 2.15.2 Kays Major Business
- 2.15.3 Kays Medical Gundrilling Machine Product and Services
- 2.15.4 Kays Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
- 2.15.5 Kays Recent Developments/Updates
- 3 Competitive Environment: Medical Gundrilling Machine by Manufacturer
- 3.1 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2020-2025)
- 3.2 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Revenue by Manufacturer (2020-2025)
- 3.3 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Average Price by Manufacturer (2020-2025)
- 3.4 Market Share Analysis (2024)
- 3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Medical Gundrilling Machine by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2024
- 3.4.2 Top 3 Medical Gundrilling Machine Manufacturer Market Share in 2024
- 3.4.3 Top 6 Medical Gundrilling Machine Manufacturer Market Share in 2024
- 3.5 Medical Gundrilling Machine Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
- 3.5.1 Medical Gundrilling Machine Market: Region Footprint
- 3.5.2 Medical Gundrilling Machine Market: Company Product Type Footprint
- 3.5.3 Medical Gundrilling Machine Market: Company Product Application Footprint
- 3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
- 3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
- 4 Consumption Analysis by Region
- 4.1 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Market Size by Region
- 4.1.1 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Region (2020-2031)
- 4.1.2 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value by Region (2020-2031)
- 4.1.3 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Average Price by Region (2020-2031)
- 4.2 North America Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value (2020-2031)
- 4.3 Europe Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value (2020-2031)
- 4.4 Asia-Pacific Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value (2020-2031)
- 4.5 South America Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value (2020-2031)
- 4.6 Middle East & Africa Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value (2020-2031)
- 5 Market Segment by Type
- 5.1 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
- 5.2 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value by Type (2020-2031)
- 5.3 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Average Price by Type (2020-2031)
- 6 Market Segment by Application
- 6.1 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
- 6.2 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value by Application (2020-2031)
- 6.3 Global Medical Gundrilling Machine Average Price by Application (2020-2031)
- 7 North America
- 7.1 North America Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
- 7.2 North America Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
- 7.3 North America Medical Gundrilling Machine Market Size by Country
- 7.3.1 North America Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Country (2020-2031)
- 7.3.2 North America Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value by Country (2020-2031)
- 7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 8 Europe
- 8.1 Europe Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
- 8.2 Europe Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
- 8.3 Europe Medical Gundrilling Machine Market Size by Country
- 8.3.1 Europe Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Country (2020-2031)
- 8.3.2 Europe Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value by Country (2020-2031)
- 8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 9 Asia-Pacific
- 9.1 Asia-Pacific Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
- 9.2 Asia-Pacific Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
- 9.3 Asia-Pacific Medical Gundrilling Machine Market Size by Region
- 9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Region (2020-2031)
- 9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value by Region (2020-2031)
- 9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 9.3.5 South Korea Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 10 South America
- 10.1 South America Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
- 10.2 South America Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
- 10.3 South America Medical Gundrilling Machine Market Size by Country
- 10.3.1 South America Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Country (2020-2031)
- 10.3.2 South America Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value by Country (2020-2031)
- 10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 11 Middle East & Africa
- 11.1 Middle East & Africa Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
- 11.2 Middle East & Africa Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
- 11.3 Middle East & Africa Medical Gundrilling Machine Market Size by Country
- 11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Medical Gundrilling Machine Sales Quantity by Country (2020-2031)
- 11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Medical Gundrilling Machine Consumption Value by Country (2020-2031)
- 11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
- 12 Market Dynamics
- 12.1 Medical Gundrilling Machine Market Drivers
- 12.2 Medical Gundrilling Machine Market Restraints
- 12.3 Medical Gundrilling Machine Trends Analysis
- 12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
- 12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
- 12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
- 12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
- 12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
- 12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
- 13 Raw Material and Industry Chain
- 13.1 Raw Material of Medical Gundrilling Machine and Key Manufacturers
- 13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Medical Gundrilling Machine
- 13.3 Medical Gundrilling Machine Production Process
- 13.4 Industry Value Chain Analysis
- 14 Shipments by Distribution Channel
- 14.1 Sales Channel
- 14.1.1 Direct to End-User
- 14.1.2 Distributors
- 14.2 Medical Gundrilling Machine Typical Distributors
- 14.3 Medical Gundrilling Machine Typical Customers
- 15 Research Findings and Conclusion
- 16 Appendix
- 16.1 Methodology
- 16.2 Research Process and Data Source
- 16.3 Disclaimer
Pricing
Currency Rates
Questions or Comments?
Our team has the ability to search within reports to verify it suits your needs. We can also help maximize your budget by finding sections of reports you can purchase.

