Base Metal Mining Market Size and Share Outlook - Forecast Trends and Growth Analysis Report (2025-2034)
Description
The base metal mining market attained a value of USD 380.20 Billion as of 2024 and is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 4.00% during the forecast period of 2025 to 2034. One of the major drivers of the base metal mining industry is increasing infrastructure development across the world, especially in developing economies. Increasing demand for copper, zinc, and aluminum for use in construction, transportation, and electronics drives mining activity and investment in exploration and production technology. The market is thus expected to reach a value of nearly USD 562.79 Billion by 2034 .
Base Metal Mining Market Growth
The market for base metal mining is witnessing significant growth, driven mainly by fast-paced urbanization, industrialization, and infrastructure growth in developing economies. Industries like construction, automotive, and electronics are increasing the utilization of major base metals such as copper, aluminum, nickel, and zinc. Governments globally are investing huge budgets in developing infrastructure, thereby directly driving demand for these metals in wiring, piping, and structural requirements. Factors such as these are boosting the growth of the base metal mining market.
Technological progress is also helping to drive market growth. Automation, artificial intelligence, and remote sensing are rationalizing mining activities, lowering operational costs, and allowing access to uneconomical ore bodies that were previously unattainable. Sustainability is increasingly becoming key, and mining companies are spending money on cleaner and more efficient production methods. Firms are also concentrating on ensuring long-term supply through merger and acquisition activities.
A good example is Rio Tinto, a top global mining company. It keeps increasing its copper output to satisfy the booming demand from renewable energy and electric vehicle markets. Rio Tinto's investments in projects such as the Oyu Tolgoi mine in Mongolia are indicative of its plan to diversify its base metal portfolio in the face of increasing global demand.
Key Trends and Recent Developments
Base metal mining is driven by electrification, sustainability, tech advancements, and rising resource nationalism reshaping global supply dynamics. Such factors are thus shaping the base metal mining market dynamics and trends.
March 2025
Orion Minerals advanced its Northern Cape base metals projects, focusing on sustainable copper production. The Prieska mine, fully permitted, is set to commence copper and zinc output within 12–18 months post final funding, estimated between R3–4 billion. Orion plans to utilize renewable energy and innovative refining methods, like metal vapor refining, to produce certified green copper.
February 2025
Former Glencore and Lundin Gold executives launched Moranda Metals, a Canadian mining shell company. With USD 15 billion from private equity, it targets base and precious metal assets in the Americas. Moranda plans to acquire mid-sized assets via spin-outs, management vend-ins, and non-core divestitures.
January 2025
Vale Base Metals initiated a strategic review of its Thompson mining assets in Manitoba, Canada, considering options including a potential sale. This move aims to optimize Vale's global portfolio, focusing on copper growth in Carajás and enhancing nickel competitiveness.
March 2024
Vale Base Metals launched the Pyrrhotite Resource Recovery Innovation Challenge to support circular mining. The initiative invited solutions for processing low-grade pyrrhotite tailings, awarding C$25,000 to selected proposals. Submissions closed in August, and winners were announced in September 2024.
Electrification and EV Demand
The transition to electric vehicles and renewable energy is heavily driving demand for base metals such as copper and nickel. These are critical for batteries, charging networks, and grid systems, which is driving mining firms to ramp up production and invest in new exploration to fulfill global energy transition objectives, thus pushing the growth of the base metal mining market.
Focus on Sustainability
Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards are propelling the move towards sustainable mining. Businesses are embracing green extraction practices, lowering carbon footprints, and enhancing waste management. Such practices not only satisfy regulatory requirements but also attract green investors and responsible resource development-demanding stakeholders.
Technological Advancements
Automation, artificial intelligence, and data analytics are revolutionizing base metal mining operations. These technologies improve ore discovery, increase operational efficiency, and enhance worker safety. Intelligent mining practices, such as remote monitoring and predictive maintenance, are becoming the norm, allowing cost-efficient production and yield from complex and lower-grade deposits, thereby helping to create new trends in the base metal mining market.
Rise of Resource Nationalism
Nations are prioritizing the control of local mineral resources, imposing tighter regulations and local processing preferences. The strategic value of base metals to national development and supply security is the driving force behind this trend. It is restructuring global supply chains and generating new geopolitical dynamics in mineral-rich countries.
Base Metal Mining Market Trends
Mining firms are more and more embracing circular economy concepts to reduce waste and recover valuable materials. Boston Metal, for example, has used molten oxide electrolysis technology to mine high-value metals from mining waste without producing CO₂ emissions. Not only does this save the environment, but it also accesses previously untapped resources, in line with global sustainability efforts, thus shaping new trends in the base metal mining market.
Artificial intelligence is transforming mineral exploration and mining activities. Firms such as Rio Tinto are using AI and 3D mapping technologies to improve mineral discovery processes. Moreover, AI-based predictive maintenance and autonomous equipment are enhancing safety, minimizing downtime, and maximizing resource extraction, thus boosting overall productivity in mining operations.
Base Metal Mining Industry Segmentation
The EMR’s report titled “Base Metal Mining Market Report and Forecast 2025-2034” offers a detailed analysis of the market based on the following segments:
Market Breakup by Products
The market for various base metals is increasing as they play critical roles in contemporary infrastructure, technology, and clean energy. As per base metal mining market analysis, copper is seeing robust growth led by its excellent conductivity, and it is crucial in electric vehicles (EVs), power networks, and renewable energy systems. Aluminium demand is increasing in transport and building sectors as it is light and corrosion-resistant. The metal finds extensive use in packaging and electrical uses, fueling consumption even further. Zinc is mainly utilized for galvanizing steel for corrosion protection, with demand growing from the automotive and construction industries.
Nickel, on the other hand, is highly sought after for use in lithium-ion batteries, particularly in EVs and energy storage systems. According to the base metal mining industry analysis, as battery technologies develop, nickel-intensive chemistries are preferred for higher energy density. Lead remains crucial to conventional batteries, particularly in backup power systems and vehicles, although its growth is sluggish owing to environmental issues. The others segment, comprising tin and cobalt, is also experiencing growing demand from energy and electronics industries. As world economies turn their attention to green transitions and smart technologies, the strategic value of these base metals is growing, driving exploration, recycling, and innovation in extraction and processing techniques.
Competitive Landscape
Leading base metal mining market players are major multinational mining companies and regional players with large operations in copper, aluminum, nickel, and zinc mining. These players dominate global supply through large-scale mining, high technology, and sustainability programs. They aim to increase exploration, enhance resource efficiency, and incorporate renewable energy in mining activities to address increasing demand. Their activities also comprise strategic acquisitions and alliances with a view to consolidating their position in the market and securing consistent supplies of fundamental base metals worldwide.
Freeport-McMoRan, Inc.
Freeport-McMoRan was founded in 1988 and is based in the United States. The organization mainly deals with copper, gold, and molybdenum mining. It owns some of the world's biggest copper and gold mines, such as the Grasberg mine in Indonesia. Freeport-McMoRan is a significant producer of copper for use in different industries.
Antofagasta plc
Established in 1888, Antofagasta has its headquarters in Chile. It is a top copper producer and has a number of mining projects in Chile, which is one of the richest places in the world for copper deposits. Antofagasta specializes in exploration, extraction, and copper concentrate production.
Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.
Established in 1993, Zijin Mining is based in China. The main products of the company are gold, copper, and other base metals mining. It has several mining projects all over the world, including large copper and gold mines in China and overseas, and it concentrates on resource development and production.
Nornickel
Nornickel, founded in 1993 and based in Russia, is one of the world's largest producers of nickel and palladium. Nornickel is a specialist in the mining and refining of nickel, copper, platinum group metals, and other base metals, with major operations in Siberia and the Arctic.
Other key players profiled in the base metal mining market include Glencore plc, BHP Group Limited, Rio Tinto Group, Vale, Southern Copper Corporation, and Anglo American plc, among others.
Base Metal Mining Market Report Snapshots
Base Metal Mining Companies
Base Metal Mining Market Growth
The market for base metal mining is witnessing significant growth, driven mainly by fast-paced urbanization, industrialization, and infrastructure growth in developing economies. Industries like construction, automotive, and electronics are increasing the utilization of major base metals such as copper, aluminum, nickel, and zinc. Governments globally are investing huge budgets in developing infrastructure, thereby directly driving demand for these metals in wiring, piping, and structural requirements. Factors such as these are boosting the growth of the base metal mining market.
Technological progress is also helping to drive market growth. Automation, artificial intelligence, and remote sensing are rationalizing mining activities, lowering operational costs, and allowing access to uneconomical ore bodies that were previously unattainable. Sustainability is increasingly becoming key, and mining companies are spending money on cleaner and more efficient production methods. Firms are also concentrating on ensuring long-term supply through merger and acquisition activities.
A good example is Rio Tinto, a top global mining company. It keeps increasing its copper output to satisfy the booming demand from renewable energy and electric vehicle markets. Rio Tinto's investments in projects such as the Oyu Tolgoi mine in Mongolia are indicative of its plan to diversify its base metal portfolio in the face of increasing global demand.
Key Trends and Recent Developments
Base metal mining is driven by electrification, sustainability, tech advancements, and rising resource nationalism reshaping global supply dynamics. Such factors are thus shaping the base metal mining market dynamics and trends.
March 2025
Orion Minerals advanced its Northern Cape base metals projects, focusing on sustainable copper production. The Prieska mine, fully permitted, is set to commence copper and zinc output within 12–18 months post final funding, estimated between R3–4 billion. Orion plans to utilize renewable energy and innovative refining methods, like metal vapor refining, to produce certified green copper.
February 2025
Former Glencore and Lundin Gold executives launched Moranda Metals, a Canadian mining shell company. With USD 15 billion from private equity, it targets base and precious metal assets in the Americas. Moranda plans to acquire mid-sized assets via spin-outs, management vend-ins, and non-core divestitures.
January 2025
Vale Base Metals initiated a strategic review of its Thompson mining assets in Manitoba, Canada, considering options including a potential sale. This move aims to optimize Vale's global portfolio, focusing on copper growth in Carajás and enhancing nickel competitiveness.
March 2024
Vale Base Metals launched the Pyrrhotite Resource Recovery Innovation Challenge to support circular mining. The initiative invited solutions for processing low-grade pyrrhotite tailings, awarding C$25,000 to selected proposals. Submissions closed in August, and winners were announced in September 2024.
Electrification and EV Demand
The transition to electric vehicles and renewable energy is heavily driving demand for base metals such as copper and nickel. These are critical for batteries, charging networks, and grid systems, which is driving mining firms to ramp up production and invest in new exploration to fulfill global energy transition objectives, thus pushing the growth of the base metal mining market.
Focus on Sustainability
Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards are propelling the move towards sustainable mining. Businesses are embracing green extraction practices, lowering carbon footprints, and enhancing waste management. Such practices not only satisfy regulatory requirements but also attract green investors and responsible resource development-demanding stakeholders.
Technological Advancements
Automation, artificial intelligence, and data analytics are revolutionizing base metal mining operations. These technologies improve ore discovery, increase operational efficiency, and enhance worker safety. Intelligent mining practices, such as remote monitoring and predictive maintenance, are becoming the norm, allowing cost-efficient production and yield from complex and lower-grade deposits, thereby helping to create new trends in the base metal mining market.
Rise of Resource Nationalism
Nations are prioritizing the control of local mineral resources, imposing tighter regulations and local processing preferences. The strategic value of base metals to national development and supply security is the driving force behind this trend. It is restructuring global supply chains and generating new geopolitical dynamics in mineral-rich countries.
Base Metal Mining Market Trends
Mining firms are more and more embracing circular economy concepts to reduce waste and recover valuable materials. Boston Metal, for example, has used molten oxide electrolysis technology to mine high-value metals from mining waste without producing CO₂ emissions. Not only does this save the environment, but it also accesses previously untapped resources, in line with global sustainability efforts, thus shaping new trends in the base metal mining market.
Artificial intelligence is transforming mineral exploration and mining activities. Firms such as Rio Tinto are using AI and 3D mapping technologies to improve mineral discovery processes. Moreover, AI-based predictive maintenance and autonomous equipment are enhancing safety, minimizing downtime, and maximizing resource extraction, thus boosting overall productivity in mining operations.
Base Metal Mining Industry Segmentation
The EMR’s report titled “Base Metal Mining Market Report and Forecast 2025-2034” offers a detailed analysis of the market based on the following segments:
Market Breakup by Products
- Aluminium
- Copper
- Lead
- Nickel
- Zinc
- Others
- Construction
- Automotive
- Electrical and Electronics
- Consumer Products
- Others
- North America
- Europe
- Asia Pacific
- Latin America
- Middle East and Africa
The market for various base metals is increasing as they play critical roles in contemporary infrastructure, technology, and clean energy. As per base metal mining market analysis, copper is seeing robust growth led by its excellent conductivity, and it is crucial in electric vehicles (EVs), power networks, and renewable energy systems. Aluminium demand is increasing in transport and building sectors as it is light and corrosion-resistant. The metal finds extensive use in packaging and electrical uses, fueling consumption even further. Zinc is mainly utilized for galvanizing steel for corrosion protection, with demand growing from the automotive and construction industries.
Nickel, on the other hand, is highly sought after for use in lithium-ion batteries, particularly in EVs and energy storage systems. According to the base metal mining industry analysis, as battery technologies develop, nickel-intensive chemistries are preferred for higher energy density. Lead remains crucial to conventional batteries, particularly in backup power systems and vehicles, although its growth is sluggish owing to environmental issues. The others segment, comprising tin and cobalt, is also experiencing growing demand from energy and electronics industries. As world economies turn their attention to green transitions and smart technologies, the strategic value of these base metals is growing, driving exploration, recycling, and innovation in extraction and processing techniques.
Competitive Landscape
Leading base metal mining market players are major multinational mining companies and regional players with large operations in copper, aluminum, nickel, and zinc mining. These players dominate global supply through large-scale mining, high technology, and sustainability programs. They aim to increase exploration, enhance resource efficiency, and incorporate renewable energy in mining activities to address increasing demand. Their activities also comprise strategic acquisitions and alliances with a view to consolidating their position in the market and securing consistent supplies of fundamental base metals worldwide.
Freeport-McMoRan, Inc.
Freeport-McMoRan was founded in 1988 and is based in the United States. The organization mainly deals with copper, gold, and molybdenum mining. It owns some of the world's biggest copper and gold mines, such as the Grasberg mine in Indonesia. Freeport-McMoRan is a significant producer of copper for use in different industries.
Antofagasta plc
Established in 1888, Antofagasta has its headquarters in Chile. It is a top copper producer and has a number of mining projects in Chile, which is one of the richest places in the world for copper deposits. Antofagasta specializes in exploration, extraction, and copper concentrate production.
Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.
Established in 1993, Zijin Mining is based in China. The main products of the company are gold, copper, and other base metals mining. It has several mining projects all over the world, including large copper and gold mines in China and overseas, and it concentrates on resource development and production.
Nornickel
Nornickel, founded in 1993 and based in Russia, is one of the world's largest producers of nickel and palladium. Nornickel is a specialist in the mining and refining of nickel, copper, platinum group metals, and other base metals, with major operations in Siberia and the Arctic.
Other key players profiled in the base metal mining market include Glencore plc, BHP Group Limited, Rio Tinto Group, Vale, Southern Copper Corporation, and Anglo American plc, among others.
Base Metal Mining Market Report Snapshots
Base Metal Mining Companies
Table of Contents
171 Pages
- 1 Executive Summary
- 1.1 Market Size 2024-2025
- 1.2 Market Growth 2025(F)-2034(F)
- 1.3 Key Demand Drivers
- 1.4 Key Players and Competitive Structure
- 1.5 Industry Best Practices
- 1.6 Recent Trends and Developments
- 1.7 Industry Outlook
- 2 Market Overview and Stakeholder Insights
- 2.1 Market Trends
- 2.2 Key Verticals
- 2.3 Key Regions
- 2.4 Supplier Power
- 2.5 Buyer Power
- 2.6 Key Market Opportunities and Risks
- 2.7 Key Initiatives by Stakeholders
- 3 Economic Summary
- 3.1 GDP Outlook
- 3.2 GDP Per Capita Growth
- 3.3 Inflation Trends
- 3.4 Democracy Index
- 3.5 Gross Public Debt Ratios
- 3.6 Balance of Payment (BoP) Position
- 3.7 Population Outlook
- 3.8 Urbanisation Trends
- 4 Country Risk Profiles
- 4.1 Country Risk
- 4.2 Business Climate
- 5 Global Base Metal Mining Market Analysis
- 5.1 Key Industry Highlights
- 5.2 Global Base Metal Mining Historical Market (2018-2024)
- 5.3 Global Base Metal Mining Market Forecast (2025-2034)
- 5.4 Global Base Metal Mining Market by Product
- 5.4.1 Aluminium
- 5.4.1.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 5.4.1.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 5.4.2 Copper
- 5.4.2.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 5.4.2.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 5.4.3 Lead
- 5.4.3.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 5.4.3.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 5.4.4 Nickel
- 5.4.4.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 5.4.4.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 5.4.5 Zinc
- 5.4.5.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 5.4.5.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 5.4.6 Others
- 5.5 Global Base Metal Mining Market by Application
- 5.5.1 Construction
- 5.5.1.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 5.5.1.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 5.5.2 Automotive
- 5.5.2.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 5.5.2.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 5.5.3 Electrical and Electronics
- 5.5.3.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 5.5.3.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 5.5.4 Consumer Products
- 5.5.4.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 5.5.4.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 5.5.5 Others
- 5.6 Global Base Metal Mining Market by Region
- 5.6.1 North America
- 5.6.1.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 5.6.1.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 5.6.2 Europe
- 5.6.2.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 5.6.2.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 5.6.3 Asia Pacific
- 5.6.3.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 5.6.3.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 5.6.4 Latin America
- 5.6.4.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 5.6.4.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 5.6.5 Middle East and Africa
- 5.6.5.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 5.6.5.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 6 North America Base Metal Mining Market Analysis
- 6.1 United States of America
- 6.1.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 6.1.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 6.2 Canada
- 6.2.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 6.2.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 7 Europe Base Metal Mining Market Analysis
- 7.1 United Kingdom
- 7.1.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 7.1.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 7.2 Germany
- 7.2.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 7.2.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 7.3 France
- 7.3.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 7.3.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 7.4 Italy
- 7.4.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 7.4.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 7.5 Others
- 8 Asia Pacific Base Metal Mining Market Analysis
- 8.1 China
- 8.1.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 8.1.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 8.2 Japan
- 8.2.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 8.2.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 8.3 India
- 8.3.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 8.3.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 8.4 ASEAN
- 8.4.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 8.4.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 8.5 Australia
- 8.5.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 8.5.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 8.6 Others
- 9 Latin America Base Metal Mining Market Analysis
- 9.1 Brazil
- 9.1.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 9.1.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 9.2 Argentina
- 9.2.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 9.2.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 9.3 Mexico
- 9.3.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 9.3.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 9.4 Others
- 10 Middle East and Africa Base Metal Mining Market Analysis
- 10.1 Saudi Arabia
- 10.1.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 10.1.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 10.2 United Arab Emirates
- 10.2.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 10.2.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 10.3 Nigeria
- 10.3.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 10.3.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 10.4 South Africa
- 10.4.1 Historical Trend (2018-2024)
- 10.4.2 Forecast Trend (2025-2034)
- 10.5 Others
- 11 Market Dynamics
- 11.1 SWOT Analysis
- 11.1.1 Strengths
- 11.1.2 Weaknesses
- 11.1.3 Opportunities
- 11.1.4 Threats
- 11.2 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
- 11.2.1 Supplier’s Power
- 11.2.2 Buyer’s Power
- 11.2.3 Threat of New Entrants
- 11.2.4 Degree of Rivalry
- 11.2.5 Threat of Substitutes
- 11.3 Key Indicators for Demand
- 11.4 Key Indicators for Price
- 12 Competitive Landscape
- 12.1 Supplier Selection
- 12.2 Key Global Players
- 12.3 Key Regional Players
- 12.4 Key Player Strategies
- 12.5 Company Profiles
- 12.5.1 Freeport-McMoRan, Inc.
- 12.5.1.1 Company Overview
- 12.5.1.2 Product Portfolio
- 12.5.1.3 Demographic Reach and Achievements
- 12.5.1.4 Certifications
- 12.5.2 Antofagasta plc
- 12.5.2.1 Company Overview
- 12.5.2.2 Product Portfolio
- 12.5.2.3 Demographic Reach and Achievements
- 12.5.2.4 Certifications
- 12.5.3 Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.
- 12.5.3.1 Company Overview
- 12.5.3.2 Product Portfolio
- 12.5.3.3 Demographic Reach and Achievements
- 12.5.3.4 Certifications
- 12.5.4 Nornickel
- 12.5.4.1 Company Overview
- 12.5.4.2 Product Portfolio
- 12.5.4.3 Demographic Reach and Achievements
- 12.5.4.4 Certifications
- 12.5.5 Glencore plc
- 12.5.5.1 Company Overview
- 12.5.5.2 Product Portfolio
- 12.5.5.3 Demographic Reach and Achievements
- 12.5.5.4 Certifications
- 12.5.6 BHP Group Limited
- 12.5.6.1 Company Overview
- 12.5.6.2 Product Portfolio
- 12.5.6.3 Demographic Reach and Achievements
- 12.5.6.4 Certifications
- 12.5.7 Rio Tinto Group
- 12.5.7.1 Company Overview
- 12.5.7.2 Product Portfolio
- 12.5.7.3 Demographic Reach and Achievements
- 12.5.7.4 Certifications
- 12.5.8 Vale
- 12.5.8.1 Company Overview
- 12.5.8.2 Product Portfolio
- 12.5.8.3 Demographic Reach and Achievements
- 12.5.8.4 Certifications
- 12.5.9 Southern Copper Corporation
- 12.5.9.1 Company Overview
- 12.5.9.2 Product Portfolio
- 12.5.9.3 Demographic Reach and Achievements
- 12.5.9.4 Certifications
- 12.5.10 Anglo American plc
- 12.5.10.1 Company Overview
- 12.5.10.2 Product Portfolio
- 12.5.10.3 Demographic Reach and Achievements
- 12.5.10.4 Certifications
- 12.5.11 Others
Pricing
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