Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) - Epidemiology Forecast - 2034
Description
Key Highlights
Chronic hepatitis B is a long term liver infection caused by persistent hepatitis B virus. It often remains asymptomatic while progressively damaging the liver and increasing risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Several blood tests are available to diagnose and monitor patients with CHB, such as anti-HBc IgG, HBeAg, HBsAg quantitative, ALT, AST, AFP, and others.
In 2024, the 7MM reported approximately 5 million prevalent cases of CHB, of which around 1.8 million were diagnosed—highlighting a substantial undiagnosed population and the need for improved screening efforts.
In 2024, DelveInsight's analysis showed that males represented nearly 60% of the diagnosed CHB burden across the 7MM, while females accounted for the remaining 40%, indicating a marked gender disparity in disease distribution.
Among diagnosed CHB cases in the 7MM in 2024, approximately 85% presented with compensated liver disease, whereas 15% had progressed to decompensated stages—underscoring the importance of early detection to prevent disease progression.
In 2024, Japan ranked second among the 7MM in terms of diagnosed CHB burden, with approximately 630 thousand cases—trailing only behind the US and reflecting the country’s long-standing challenges with hepatitis B management.
In summary, CHB continues to pose a significant public health challenge across the 7MM, with a notable gap between prevalence and diagnosis, particularly in the US. The disease burden remains higher in males and in middle-aged adults, while the predominance of compensated liver cases highlights the critical importance of early screening and intervention to prevent progression to advanced liver disease.
DelveInsight’s “CHB– Epidemiology Forecast – 2034” report delivers an in-depth understanding of CHB historical and forecasted epidemiology in the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan.
CHB: Disease Understanding
CHB Overview
Hepatitis B is the most common severe liver infection in the world. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus that attacks and injures the liver. Most hepatitis B infections clear up within 1–2 months without treatment. When the infection lasts more than 6 months, it can develop into chronic hepatitis B, leading to chronic inflammation of the liver, cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), liver cancer, and/or liver failure. Millions of people are living with chronic hepatitis B infection worldwide.
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through blood and infected bodily fluids. It can be passed to others through direct contact with blood, unprotected sex, illegal drugs, and unsterilized or contaminated needles. The symptoms of hepatitis B include fatigue, poor appetite, stomach pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and occasionally joint pain, hives, or rash. Urine may become darker, and then jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) may appear. Adults are more likely than children to develop symptoms.
CHB Diagnosis
Screening for HBV involves a simple, low-cost blood test to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) in serum. HBsAg-negative patients who do not have antibodies are given the hepatitis B vaccine. Those who are HBsAg-negative and have detectable anti-HBs are immune (generally from prior vaccination or recovery from an acute infection) and do not require further intervention or testing. A patient who tests positive for HBsAg has an active HBV infection, and further testing is needed to determine the phase of the disease and course of action.
Recommended initial follow-up testing includes serum ALT and HBV DNA levels, serology for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe). Individuals with chronic HBV infection have persistently circulating HBsAg in their serum for more than 6 months.
CHB Epidemiology
The CHB epidemiology chapter in the report provides historical as well as forecasted in the 7MM covering the United States, EU4 countries (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), the United Kingdom, and Japan from 2024 to 2034. The CHB epidemiology is segmented with detailed insights into total prevalent cases of CHB, total diagnosed cases of CHB, CHB cases by age group, CHB cases by gender, and CHB cases by impact on liver.
In 2024, the total prevalent cases of CHB was approximately 2.2 million in the US and the total diagnosed cases of CHB stood at approximately 630 thousand in the US, suggesting a considerable gap between disease prevalence and diagnosis, likely due to the asymptomatic nature of early-stage infection.
Gender-specific data in 2024 indicated that males made up approximately 60% of the CHB population in the US, while females accounted for 40%—pointing to a moderate male predominance in disease prevalence.
In 2024, the highest number of CHB cases in the US was observed in the 45–54 years age group, with approximately 170,000 cases, followed by 35–44 years with 160,000 cases, and 18–34 years with around 135,000 cases. These three age groups collectively accounted for the majority (~75%) of the diagnosed CHB burden in the country.
In the EU4 and the UK in 2024, approximately 80 thousand presented with decompensated liver disease, whereas 440 thousand had presented with compensated liver disease reflecting the importance of early detection to prevent disease progression.
KOL Views
To gaze into the epidemiology insights of the real world, we take KOLs and SMEs’ opinions working in the domain through primary research to fill the data gaps and validate our secondary research on disease prevalence.
DelveInsight’s analysts connected with 20+ KOLs to gather insights; however, interviews were conducted with 10+ KOLs in the 7MM. Centers such as the Johns Hopkins Hospital, USA, US; University Medicine Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, Germany; Institut Curi, France; Università Politecnica delle Marche Home, Italy; Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Spain; Royal Brompton and Harefield hospitals Trust, UK; National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan and others were contacted. Their opinion helps understand and validate current disease prevalence, gender involved with the disease, diagnosis rate, and diagnostic criteria.
Scope of the Report
The report covers a segment of an executive summary, and a descriptive overview of CHB explaining its causes, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis.
Comprehensive insight into the epidemiology segments and forecasts, the future growth potential of diagnosis rate, and disease progression have been provided.
A detailed review of current challenges in establishing diagnosis and diagnosis rate is provided.
CHB Report Insights
Patient Population
Country-wise Epidemiology Distribution
CHB Report Key Strengths
Ten-year Forecast
The 7MM Coverage
CHB Epidemiology Segmentation
CHB Report Assessment
Epidemiology Segmentation
Current Diagnostic Practices
FAQs
Epidemiology Insights
What are the disease risks, burdens, and unmet needs of CHB? What will be the growth opportunities across the 7MM with respect to the patient population pertaining to CHB?
What is the historical and forecasted CHB patient pool in the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan?
What is the diagnostic pattern of CHB?
Which clinical factors will affect CHB?
Which factors will affect the increase in the diagnosis CHB?
Reasons to buy
Insights on disease burden, details regarding diagnosis, and factors contributing to the change in the epidemiology of the disease during the forecast years.
To understand the change in CHB cases in varying geographies over the coming years.
A detailed overview of total prevalent cases of CHB, total diagnosed cases of CHB, CHB cases by age group, CHB cases by gender, and CHB cases by impact on liver.
Detailed insights on various factors hampering disease diagnosis and other existing diagnostic challenges.
Chronic hepatitis B is a long term liver infection caused by persistent hepatitis B virus. It often remains asymptomatic while progressively damaging the liver and increasing risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Several blood tests are available to diagnose and monitor patients with CHB, such as anti-HBc IgG, HBeAg, HBsAg quantitative, ALT, AST, AFP, and others.
In 2024, the 7MM reported approximately 5 million prevalent cases of CHB, of which around 1.8 million were diagnosed—highlighting a substantial undiagnosed population and the need for improved screening efforts.
In 2024, DelveInsight's analysis showed that males represented nearly 60% of the diagnosed CHB burden across the 7MM, while females accounted for the remaining 40%, indicating a marked gender disparity in disease distribution.
Among diagnosed CHB cases in the 7MM in 2024, approximately 85% presented with compensated liver disease, whereas 15% had progressed to decompensated stages—underscoring the importance of early detection to prevent disease progression.
In 2024, Japan ranked second among the 7MM in terms of diagnosed CHB burden, with approximately 630 thousand cases—trailing only behind the US and reflecting the country’s long-standing challenges with hepatitis B management.
In summary, CHB continues to pose a significant public health challenge across the 7MM, with a notable gap between prevalence and diagnosis, particularly in the US. The disease burden remains higher in males and in middle-aged adults, while the predominance of compensated liver cases highlights the critical importance of early screening and intervention to prevent progression to advanced liver disease.
DelveInsight’s “CHB– Epidemiology Forecast – 2034” report delivers an in-depth understanding of CHB historical and forecasted epidemiology in the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan.
CHB: Disease Understanding
CHB Overview
Hepatitis B is the most common severe liver infection in the world. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus that attacks and injures the liver. Most hepatitis B infections clear up within 1–2 months without treatment. When the infection lasts more than 6 months, it can develop into chronic hepatitis B, leading to chronic inflammation of the liver, cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), liver cancer, and/or liver failure. Millions of people are living with chronic hepatitis B infection worldwide.
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through blood and infected bodily fluids. It can be passed to others through direct contact with blood, unprotected sex, illegal drugs, and unsterilized or contaminated needles. The symptoms of hepatitis B include fatigue, poor appetite, stomach pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and occasionally joint pain, hives, or rash. Urine may become darker, and then jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) may appear. Adults are more likely than children to develop symptoms.
CHB Diagnosis
Screening for HBV involves a simple, low-cost blood test to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) in serum. HBsAg-negative patients who do not have antibodies are given the hepatitis B vaccine. Those who are HBsAg-negative and have detectable anti-HBs are immune (generally from prior vaccination or recovery from an acute infection) and do not require further intervention or testing. A patient who tests positive for HBsAg has an active HBV infection, and further testing is needed to determine the phase of the disease and course of action.
Recommended initial follow-up testing includes serum ALT and HBV DNA levels, serology for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe). Individuals with chronic HBV infection have persistently circulating HBsAg in their serum for more than 6 months.
CHB Epidemiology
The CHB epidemiology chapter in the report provides historical as well as forecasted in the 7MM covering the United States, EU4 countries (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), the United Kingdom, and Japan from 2024 to 2034. The CHB epidemiology is segmented with detailed insights into total prevalent cases of CHB, total diagnosed cases of CHB, CHB cases by age group, CHB cases by gender, and CHB cases by impact on liver.
In 2024, the total prevalent cases of CHB was approximately 2.2 million in the US and the total diagnosed cases of CHB stood at approximately 630 thousand in the US, suggesting a considerable gap between disease prevalence and diagnosis, likely due to the asymptomatic nature of early-stage infection.
Gender-specific data in 2024 indicated that males made up approximately 60% of the CHB population in the US, while females accounted for 40%—pointing to a moderate male predominance in disease prevalence.
In 2024, the highest number of CHB cases in the US was observed in the 45–54 years age group, with approximately 170,000 cases, followed by 35–44 years with 160,000 cases, and 18–34 years with around 135,000 cases. These three age groups collectively accounted for the majority (~75%) of the diagnosed CHB burden in the country.
In the EU4 and the UK in 2024, approximately 80 thousand presented with decompensated liver disease, whereas 440 thousand had presented with compensated liver disease reflecting the importance of early detection to prevent disease progression.
KOL Views
To gaze into the epidemiology insights of the real world, we take KOLs and SMEs’ opinions working in the domain through primary research to fill the data gaps and validate our secondary research on disease prevalence.
DelveInsight’s analysts connected with 20+ KOLs to gather insights; however, interviews were conducted with 10+ KOLs in the 7MM. Centers such as the Johns Hopkins Hospital, USA, US; University Medicine Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, Germany; Institut Curi, France; Università Politecnica delle Marche Home, Italy; Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Spain; Royal Brompton and Harefield hospitals Trust, UK; National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan and others were contacted. Their opinion helps understand and validate current disease prevalence, gender involved with the disease, diagnosis rate, and diagnostic criteria.
Scope of the Report
The report covers a segment of an executive summary, and a descriptive overview of CHB explaining its causes, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis.
Comprehensive insight into the epidemiology segments and forecasts, the future growth potential of diagnosis rate, and disease progression have been provided.
A detailed review of current challenges in establishing diagnosis and diagnosis rate is provided.
CHB Report Insights
Patient Population
Country-wise Epidemiology Distribution
CHB Report Key Strengths
Ten-year Forecast
The 7MM Coverage
CHB Epidemiology Segmentation
CHB Report Assessment
Epidemiology Segmentation
Current Diagnostic Practices
FAQs
Epidemiology Insights
What are the disease risks, burdens, and unmet needs of CHB? What will be the growth opportunities across the 7MM with respect to the patient population pertaining to CHB?
What is the historical and forecasted CHB patient pool in the United States, EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan?
What is the diagnostic pattern of CHB?
Which clinical factors will affect CHB?
Which factors will affect the increase in the diagnosis CHB?
Reasons to buy
Insights on disease burden, details regarding diagnosis, and factors contributing to the change in the epidemiology of the disease during the forecast years.
To understand the change in CHB cases in varying geographies over the coming years.
A detailed overview of total prevalent cases of CHB, total diagnosed cases of CHB, CHB cases by age group, CHB cases by gender, and CHB cases by impact on liver.
Detailed insights on various factors hampering disease diagnosis and other existing diagnostic challenges.
Table of Contents
105 Pages
- 1. Key Insights
- 2. Report Introduction
- 3. Chronic Hepatitis B Patient Overview at a Glance
- 3.1. Patient Share Distribution (%) in the 7MM in 2024
- 3.2. Patient Share Distribution (%) in the 7MM in 2034
- 4. Executive Summary
- 5. Epidemiology Forecast Methodology
- 6. Disease Background and Overview
- 6.1. Introduction
- 6.2. Signs and Symptoms
- 6.3. Causes
- 6.4. Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
- 6.4.1. Diagnostic Algorithm
- 6.4.2. Differential Diagnosis
- 6.4.3. Diagnostic Guidelines
- 7. Epidemiology and Patient Population
- 7.1. Key Findings
- 7.2. Assumptions and Rationale
- 7.3. Total Prevalent Cases of CHB in the 7MM
- 7.5. The United States
- 7.5.1. Prevalent Cases of CHB in the US
- 7.5.2. Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of CHB in the US
- 7.5.3. Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of CHB in the US
- 7.5.4. Age-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of CHB in the US
- 7.5.5. CHB Cases by Impact on Liver in the US
- 7.6. EU4 and the UK
- 7.6.1. Prevalent Cases of CHB in EU4 and the UK
- 7.6.2. Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of CHB in EU4 and the UK
- 7.6.3. Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of CHB in EU4 and the UK
- 7.6.4. Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of CHB in EU4 and the UK
- 7.6.5. CHB Cases by Impact on Liver in EU4 and the UK
- 7.7. Japan
- 7.7.1. Prevalent Cases of CHB in Japan
- 7.7.2. Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of CHB in Japan
- 7.7.3. Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of CHB in Japan
- 7.7.4. Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of CHB in Japan
- 7.7.5. CHB Cases by Impact on Liver in Japan
- 8. KOL Views
- 9. Appendix
- 9.1. Acronyms and Abbreviations
- 9.2. Bibliography
- 9.3. Report Methodology
- 10. DelveInsight Capabilities
- 11. Disclaimer
- 12. About DelveInsight
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