Scrap-based Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) is a furnace that melts metal scrap and directly reduces it into steel. It is one of the primary means of steel production and often allows for far greater energy efficiency and material reuse compared to alternative processes. EAF makes use of electric arcs struck between electrodes and the charge (scrap metal) to melt it. Common scrap metals used include shredded automobile bodies, redundant appliances, turnings, and obsolete industrial machinery. Advantages of EAF include lower capital costs, operational flexibility in terms of charge materials used, ability to recycle scrap, and fewer carbon emissions compared to traditional basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking routes.
Market Dynamics
The global scrap-based electric arc furnace market is driven by rising steel production using scrap metals. There is a growing environmental and economic incentive to employ scrap recycling over virgin metal extraction pathways. However, factors such as volatility in scrap metal prices present a challenge. An opportunity lies in developing economies ramping up infrastructure which boosts steel demand and scrap reuse. Rapid urbanization and growth of the automotive and construction industries are also beneficial.
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