Report cover image

Trenchless Pipe Lining Global Market Report 2025

Published Jul 07, 2025
Length 175 Pages
SKU # BRC20166535

Description

Trenchless Pipe Lining Global Market Report 2025 from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.

This report focuses on trenchless pipe lining market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.

Reasons to Purchase
  • Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 15 geographies.
  • Assess the impact of key macro factors such as conflict, pandemic and recovery, inflation and interest rate environment and the 2nd Trump presidency.
  • Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
  • Identify growth segments for investment.
  • Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
  • Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
  • Benchmark performance against key competitors.
  • Suitable for supporting your internal and external presentations with reliable high quality data and analysis
  • Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you within 2-3 working days of order along with an Excel data sheet for easy data extraction and analysis.
  • All data from the report will also be delivered in an excel dashboard format.
Description:

Where is the largest and fastest growing market for trenchless pipe lining ? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The trenchless pipe lining market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.

The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market’s historic and forecast market growth by geography.
  • The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.
  • The market size section gives the market size ($b) covering both the historic growth of the market, and forecasting its development.
  • The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include:
  • The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include the Russia-Ukraine war, rising inflation, higher interest rates, and the legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Market segmentations break down the market into sub markets.
  • The regional and country breakdowns section gives an analysis of the market in each geography and the size of the market by geography and compares their historic and forecast growth. It covers the growth trajectory of COVID-19 for all regions, key developed countries and major emerging markets.
  • The competitive landscape chapter gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.
  • The trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it emerges from the crisis and suggests how companies can grow as the market recovers.
Scope

Markets Covered:1) By Type Of Lining Material: Polymer-Based Linings; Cementitious Linings; Epoxy-Based Linings; Fibre-Reinforced Linings; Other Specialized Lining Materials

2) By Technology Used: Inversion Lining Technology; Sliplining Technology; Spray-On Lining Technology; Cured-In-Place Lining (CIPP); Other Innovative Technologies

3) By Application Industry: Municipal Water And Wastewater; Oil And Gas; Industrial; Telecommunication; Building And Construction

4) By End User: Public Sector; Private Sector; Residential Sector; Utility Companies; Contractors And Service Providers

Subsegments:

1) By Polymer-Based Linings: Polyethylene (PE) Linings; Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Linings; Polypropylene (PP) Linings; Polyurethane (PU) Linings

2) By Cementitious Linings: Portland Cement-Based Linings; Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC) Linings; Magnesium Phosphate Cement Linings

3) By Epoxy-Based Linings: Solvent-Free Epoxy Linings; Moisture-Tolerant Epoxy Linings; High-Build Epoxy Linings

4) By Fibre-Reinforced Linings: Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) Linings; Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) Linings; Aramid Fiber Reinforced Linings

5) By Other Specialized Lining Materials: Cured-In-Place Pipe (CIPP) Linings; Thermoset Resin Linings; Spray-In-Place Pipe (SIPP) Linings; Fold-And-Form Linings

Companies Mentioned: Hadlee & Brunton Limited; Trelleborg AB; SAK Construction LLC; NordiTube Technologies SE; Granite Construction Incorporated

Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain

Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa

Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.

Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,

Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.

Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.

Delivery format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.

Please Note: Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you within 3-5 working days of order.

Table of Contents

175 Pages
1. Executive Summary
2. Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Characteristics
3. Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Trends And Strategies
4. Trenchless Pipe Lining Market - Macro Economic Scenario Including The Impact Of Interest Rates, Inflation, Geopolitics, Trade Wars and Tariffs, And Covid And Recovery On The Market
5. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Growth Analysis And Strategic Analysis Framework
5.1. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining PESTEL Analysis (Political, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal Factors, Drivers and Restraints)
5.2. Analysis Of End Use Industries
5.3. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Growth Rate Analysis
5.4. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Historic Market Size and Growth, 2019 - 2024, Value ($ Billion)
5.5. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2024 - 2029, 2034F, Value ($ Billion)
5.6. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Total Addressable Market (TAM)
6. Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Segmentation
6.1. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Polymer-Based Linings
Cementitious Linings
Epoxy-Based Linings
Fibre-Reinforced Linings
Other Specialized Lining Materials
6.2. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Inversion Lining Technology
Sliplining Technology
Spray-On Lining Technology
Cured-In-Place Lining (CIPP)
Other Innovative Technologies
6.3. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Municipal Water And Wastewater
Oil And Gas
Industrial
Telecommunication
Building And Construction
6.4. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Public Sector
Private Sector
Residential Sector
Utility Companies
Contractors And Service Providers
6.5. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Sub-Segmentation Of Polymer-Based Linings, By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Polyethylene (PE) Linings
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Linings
Polypropylene (PP) Linings
Polyurethane (PU) Linings
6.6. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Sub-Segmentation Of Cementitious Linings, By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Portland Cement-Based Linings
Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC) Linings
Magnesium Phosphate Cement Linings
6.7. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Sub-Segmentation Of Epoxy-Based Linings, By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Solvent-Free Epoxy Linings
Moisture-Tolerant Epoxy Linings
High-Build Epoxy Linings
6.8. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Sub-Segmentation Of Fibre-Reinforced Linings, By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) Linings
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) Linings
Aramid Fiber Reinforced Linings
6.9. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Sub-Segmentation Of Other Specialized Lining Materials, By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
Cured-In-Place Pipe (CIPP) Linings
Thermoset Resin Linings
Spray-In-Place Pipe (SIPP) Linings
Fold-And-Form Linings
7. Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Regional And Country Analysis
7.1. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
7.2. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
8. Asia-Pacific Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
8.1. Asia-Pacific Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Overview
Region Information, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
8.2. Asia-Pacific Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
8.3. Asia-Pacific Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
8.4. Asia-Pacific Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
9. China Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
9.1. China Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Overview
9.2. China Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F,$ Billion
9.3. China Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F,$ Billion
9.4. China Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F,$ Billion
10. India Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
10.1. India Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
10.2. India Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
10.3. India Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
11. Japan Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
11.1. Japan Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Overview
11.2. Japan Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
11.3. Japan Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
11.4. Japan Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
12. Australia Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
12.1. Australia Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
12.2. Australia Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
12.3. Australia Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
13. Indonesia Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
13.1. Indonesia Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
13.2. Indonesia Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
13.3. Indonesia Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
14. South Korea Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
14.1. South Korea Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Overview
14.2. South Korea Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
14.3. South Korea Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
14.4. South Korea Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
15. Western Europe Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
15.1. Western Europe Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Overview
15.2. Western Europe Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
15.3. Western Europe Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
15.4. Western Europe Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
16. UK Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
16.1. UK Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
16.2. UK Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
16.3. UK Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
17. Germany Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
17.1. Germany Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
17.2. Germany Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
17.3. Germany Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
18. France Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
18.1. France Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
18.2. France Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
18.3. France Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
19. Italy Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
19.1. Italy Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
19.2. Italy Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
19.3. Italy Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
20. Spain Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
20.1. Spain Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
20.2. Spain Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
20.3. Spain Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
21. Eastern Europe Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
21.1. Eastern Europe Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Overview
21.2. Eastern Europe Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
21.3. Eastern Europe Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
21.4. Eastern Europe Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
22. Russia Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
22.1. Russia Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
22.2. Russia Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
22.3. Russia Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
23. North America Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
23.1. North America Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Overview
23.2. North America Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
23.3. North America Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
23.4. North America Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
24. USA Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
24.1. USA Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Overview
24.2. USA Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
24.3. USA Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
24.4. USA Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
25. Canada Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
25.1. Canada Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Overview
25.2. Canada Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
25.3. Canada Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
25.4. Canada Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
26. South America Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
26.1. South America Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Overview
26.2. South America Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
26.3. South America Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
26.4. South America Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
27. Brazil Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
27.1. Brazil Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
27.2. Brazil Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
27.3. Brazil Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
28. Middle East Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
28.1. Middle East Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Overview
28.2. Middle East Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
28.3. Middle East Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
28.4. Middle East Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
29. Africa Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
29.1. Africa Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Overview
29.2. Africa Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Type Of Lining Material, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
29.3. Africa Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Technology Used, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
29.4. Africa Trenchless Pipe Lining Market, Segmentation By Application Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2019-2024, 2024-2029F, 2034F, $ Billion
30. Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles
30.1. Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Competitive Landscape
30.2. Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Company Profiles
30.2.1. Hadlee & Brunton Limited Overview, Products and Services, Strategy and Financial Analysis
30.2.2. Trelleborg AB Overview, Products and Services, Strategy and Financial Analysis
30.2.3. SAK Construction LLC Overview, Products and Services, Strategy and Financial Analysis
30.2.4. NordiTube Technologies SE Overview, Products and Services, Strategy and Financial Analysis
30.2.5. Granite Construction Incorporated Overview, Products and Services, Strategy and Financial Analysis
31. Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Other Major And Innovative Companies
31.1. Insituform Technologies LLC
31.2. Perma-Liner Industries LLC
31.3. Aegion Corporation
31.4. SAERTEX multiCom GmbH
31.5. HammerHead Trenchless 
31.6. The Vortex Companies LLC
31.7. Rohrtechnik International GmbH
31.8. Formadrain Inc.
31.9. PW Trenchless Construction Inc.
31.10. HammerHead Trenchless Trenchless
31.11. Applied Felts Inc.
31.12. Raedlinger Primus Line GmbH
31.13. National Underground Group Inc.
31.14. Trelleborg Pipe Seals B.V.
31.15. iMPREG Group
32. Global Trenchless Pipe Lining Market Competitive Benchmarking And Dashboard
33. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
34. Recent Developments In The Trenchless Pipe Lining Market
35. Trenchless Pipe Lining Market High Potential Countries, Segments and Strategies
35.1 Trenchless Pipe Lining Market In 2029 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
35.2 Trenchless Pipe Lining Market In 2029 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
35.3 Trenchless Pipe Lining Market In 2029 - Growth Strategies
35.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
35.3.2 Competitor Strategies
36. Appendix
36.1. Abbreviations
36.2. Currencies
36.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
36.4. Research Inquiries
36.5. The Business Research Company
36.6. Copyright And Disclaimer
How Do Licenses Work?
Head shot

Questions or Comments?

Our team has the ability to search within reports to verify it suits your needs. We can also help maximize your budget by finding sections of reports you can purchase.