
Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Research Report 2025(Status and Outlook)
Description
Report Overview
Ferric oxide pigment is a kind of pigment with good dispersion, excellent light and weather resistance.
The global Synthetic Iron Oxide market size was estimated at USD 1877.66 million in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.85% during the forecast period.
This report offers a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the global Synthetic Iron Oxide market, covering all critical facets from a broad macroeconomic overview to detailed micro-level insights. It examines market size, competitive landscape, emerging development trends, niche segments, key drivers and challenges, as well as conducts SWOT and value chain analyses.
The insights provided enable readers to understand the competitive dynamics within the industry and formulate effective strategies to enhance profitability and market positioning. Additionally, the report presents a clear framework for evaluating the current status and future outlook of business organizations operating in this sector.
A significant focus of this report lies in the competitive landscape of the global Synthetic Iron Oxide market. It offers detailed profiles of major players, including their market shares, performance metrics, product portfolios, and operational status. This enables stakeholders to identify leading competitors and gain a nuanced understanding of market rivalry and structure.
In summary, this report serves as an essential resource for industry participants, investors, researchers, consultants, and business strategists, as well as anyone planning to enter or expand their presence in the Synthetic Iron Oxide market.
Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market: Market Segmentation Analysis
This research report provides a detailed segmentation of the market by region (country), key manufacturers, product type, and application. Market segmentation divides the overall market into distinct subsets based on factors such as product categories, end-user industries, geographic locations, and other relevant criteria.
A clear understanding of these market segments enables decision-makers to tailor their product development, sales, and marketing strategies more effectively to meet the unique needs of each segment. Leveraging market segmentation insights can significantly enhance targeted approaches, optimize resource allocation, and accelerate product innovation cycles by aligning offerings with the specific demands of diverse customer groups.
Key Company
LANXESS
BASF
DowDuPont
KRONOS WORLDWIDE
TRONOX
HEUBACH
APPLIED MINERALS
CATHAY INDUSTRIES
HUNAN THREE-RING PIGMENTS
Market Segmentation (by Type)
Red
Yellow
Black
Other
Market Segmentation (by Application)
Construction
Coating
Plastic
Paper
Other
Geographic Segmentation
North America (USA, Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Russia, Italy, Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Rest of Asia-Pacific)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Rest of South America)
The Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Rest of MEA)
Key Benefits of This Market Research:
Industry drivers, restraints, and opportunities covered in the study
Neutral perspective on the market performance
Recent industry trends and developments
Competitive landscape & strategies of key players
Potential & niche segments and regions exhibiting promising growth covered
Historical, current, and projected market size, in terms of value
In-depth analysis of the Synthetic Iron Oxide Market
Overview of the regional outlook of the Synthetic Iron Oxide Market:
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1 mainly introduces the statistical scope of the report, market division standards, and market research methods.
Chapter 2 is an executive summary of different market segments (by region, product type, application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the Synthetic Iron Oxide Market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 3 makes a detailed analysis of the market's competitive landscape of the market and provides the market share, capacity, output, price, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information of the main manufacturers in the market.
Chapter 4 is the analysis of the whole market industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry, as well as Porter's five forces analysis.
Chapter 5 introduces the latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 6 provides the analysis of various market segments according to product types, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 7 provides the analysis of various market segments according to application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 8 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and capacity of each country in the world.
Chapter 9 shares the main producing countries of Synthetic Iron Oxide, their output value, profit level, regional supply, production capacity layout, etc. from the supply side.
Chapter 10 introduces the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales revenue, sales volume, price, gross profit margin, market share, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 11 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next five years.
Chapter 12 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each market segment in the next five years.
Chapter 13 is the main points and conclusions of the report.
Key Reasons to Buy this Report:
Access to date statistics compiled by our researchers. These provide you with historical and forecast data, which is analyzed to tell you why your market is set to change
This enables you to anticipate market changes to remain ahead of your competitors
You will be able to copy data from the Excel spreadsheet straight into your marketing plans, business presentations, or other strategic documents
The concise analysis, clear graph, and table format will enable you to pinpoint the information you require quickly
Provision of market value data for each segment and sub-segment
Indicates the region and segment that is expected to witness the fastest growth as well as to dominate the market
Analysis by geography highlighting the consumption of the product/service in the region as well as indicating the factors that are affecting the market within each region
Competitive landscape which incorporates the market ranking of the major players, along with new service/product launches, partnerships, business expansions, and acquisitions in the past five years of companies profiled
Extensive company profiles comprising of company overview, company insights, product benchmarking, and SWOT analysis for the major market players
The current as well as the future market outlook of the industry concerning recent developments which involve growth opportunities and drivers as well as challenges and restraints of both emerging as well as developed regions
Includes in-depth analysis of the market from various perspectives through Porter’s five forces analysis
Provides insight into the market through Value Chain
Market dynamics scenario, along with growth opportunities of the market in the years to come
Ferric oxide pigment is a kind of pigment with good dispersion, excellent light and weather resistance.
The global Synthetic Iron Oxide market size was estimated at USD 1877.66 million in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.85% during the forecast period.
This report offers a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the global Synthetic Iron Oxide market, covering all critical facets from a broad macroeconomic overview to detailed micro-level insights. It examines market size, competitive landscape, emerging development trends, niche segments, key drivers and challenges, as well as conducts SWOT and value chain analyses.
The insights provided enable readers to understand the competitive dynamics within the industry and formulate effective strategies to enhance profitability and market positioning. Additionally, the report presents a clear framework for evaluating the current status and future outlook of business organizations operating in this sector.
A significant focus of this report lies in the competitive landscape of the global Synthetic Iron Oxide market. It offers detailed profiles of major players, including their market shares, performance metrics, product portfolios, and operational status. This enables stakeholders to identify leading competitors and gain a nuanced understanding of market rivalry and structure.
In summary, this report serves as an essential resource for industry participants, investors, researchers, consultants, and business strategists, as well as anyone planning to enter or expand their presence in the Synthetic Iron Oxide market.
Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market: Market Segmentation Analysis
This research report provides a detailed segmentation of the market by region (country), key manufacturers, product type, and application. Market segmentation divides the overall market into distinct subsets based on factors such as product categories, end-user industries, geographic locations, and other relevant criteria.
A clear understanding of these market segments enables decision-makers to tailor their product development, sales, and marketing strategies more effectively to meet the unique needs of each segment. Leveraging market segmentation insights can significantly enhance targeted approaches, optimize resource allocation, and accelerate product innovation cycles by aligning offerings with the specific demands of diverse customer groups.
Key Company
LANXESS
BASF
DowDuPont
KRONOS WORLDWIDE
TRONOX
HEUBACH
APPLIED MINERALS
CATHAY INDUSTRIES
HUNAN THREE-RING PIGMENTS
Market Segmentation (by Type)
Red
Yellow
Black
Other
Market Segmentation (by Application)
Construction
Coating
Plastic
Paper
Other
Geographic Segmentation
North America (USA, Canada, Mexico)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Russia, Italy, Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Rest of Asia-Pacific)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Rest of South America)
The Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Rest of MEA)
Key Benefits of This Market Research:
Industry drivers, restraints, and opportunities covered in the study
Neutral perspective on the market performance
Recent industry trends and developments
Competitive landscape & strategies of key players
Potential & niche segments and regions exhibiting promising growth covered
Historical, current, and projected market size, in terms of value
In-depth analysis of the Synthetic Iron Oxide Market
Overview of the regional outlook of the Synthetic Iron Oxide Market:
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1 mainly introduces the statistical scope of the report, market division standards, and market research methods.
Chapter 2 is an executive summary of different market segments (by region, product type, application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the Synthetic Iron Oxide Market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 3 makes a detailed analysis of the market's competitive landscape of the market and provides the market share, capacity, output, price, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information of the main manufacturers in the market.
Chapter 4 is the analysis of the whole market industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry, as well as Porter's five forces analysis.
Chapter 5 introduces the latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 6 provides the analysis of various market segments according to product types, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 7 provides the analysis of various market segments according to application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 8 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and capacity of each country in the world.
Chapter 9 shares the main producing countries of Synthetic Iron Oxide, their output value, profit level, regional supply, production capacity layout, etc. from the supply side.
Chapter 10 introduces the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales revenue, sales volume, price, gross profit margin, market share, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 11 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next five years.
Chapter 12 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each market segment in the next five years.
Chapter 13 is the main points and conclusions of the report.
Key Reasons to Buy this Report:
Access to date statistics compiled by our researchers. These provide you with historical and forecast data, which is analyzed to tell you why your market is set to change
This enables you to anticipate market changes to remain ahead of your competitors
You will be able to copy data from the Excel spreadsheet straight into your marketing plans, business presentations, or other strategic documents
The concise analysis, clear graph, and table format will enable you to pinpoint the information you require quickly
Provision of market value data for each segment and sub-segment
Indicates the region and segment that is expected to witness the fastest growth as well as to dominate the market
Analysis by geography highlighting the consumption of the product/service in the region as well as indicating the factors that are affecting the market within each region
Competitive landscape which incorporates the market ranking of the major players, along with new service/product launches, partnerships, business expansions, and acquisitions in the past five years of companies profiled
Extensive company profiles comprising of company overview, company insights, product benchmarking, and SWOT analysis for the major market players
The current as well as the future market outlook of the industry concerning recent developments which involve growth opportunities and drivers as well as challenges and restraints of both emerging as well as developed regions
Includes in-depth analysis of the market from various perspectives through Porter’s five forces analysis
Provides insight into the market through Value Chain
Market dynamics scenario, along with growth opportunities of the market in the years to come
Table of Contents
136 Pages
- 1 Research Methodology and Statistical Scope
- 1.1 Market Definition and Statistical Scope of Synthetic Iron Oxide
- 1.2 Key Market Segments
- 1.2.1 Synthetic Iron Oxide Segment by Type
- 1.2.2 Synthetic Iron Oxide Segment by Application
- 1.3 Methodology & Sources of Information
- 1.3.1 Research Methodology
- 1.3.2 Research Process
- 1.3.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
- 1.3.4 Base Year
- 1.3.5 Report Assumptions & Caveats
- 2 Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Overview
- 2.1 Global Market Overview
- 2.1.1 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size (M USD) Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2033)
- 2.1.2 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Sales Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2033)
- 2.2 Market Segment Executive Summary
- 2.3 Global Market Size by Region
- 3 Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Competitive Landscape
- 3.1 Company Assessment Quadrant
- 3.2 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Life Cycle
- 3.3 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Sales by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
- 3.4 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
- 3.5 Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
- 3.6 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Average Price by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
- 3.7 Manufacturers’ Manufacturing Sites, Areas Served, and Product Types
- 3.8 Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Competitive Situation and Trends
- 3.8.1 Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Concentration Rate
- 3.8.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Synthetic Iron Oxide Players Market Share by Revenue
- 3.8.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
- 4 Synthetic Iron Oxide Industry Chain Analysis
- 4.1 Synthetic Iron Oxide Industry Chain Analysis
- 4.2 Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
- 4.3 Midstream Market Analysis
- 4.4 Downstream Customer Analysis
- 5 The Development and Dynamics of Synthetic Iron Oxide Market
- 5.1 Key Development Trends
- 5.2 Driving Factors
- 5.3 Market Challenges
- 5.4 Industry News
- 5.4.1 New Product Developments
- 5.4.2 Mergers & Acquisitions
- 5.4.3 Expansions
- 5.4.4 Collaboration/Supply Contracts
- 5.5 PEST Analysis
- 5.5.1 Industry Policies Analysis
- 5.5.2 Economic Environment Analysis
- 5.5.3 Social Environment Analysis
- 5.5.4 Technological Environment Analysis
- 5.6 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Porter's Five Forces Analysis
- 5.6.1 Global Trade Frictions
- 5.6.2 U.S. Tariff Policy – April 2025
- 5.6.3 Global Trade Frictions and Their Impacts to Synthetic Iron Oxide Market
- 5.7 ESG Ratings of Leading Companies
- 6 Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Segmentation by Type
- 6.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
- 6.2 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
- 6.3 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
- 6.4 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Price by Type (2020-2025)
- 7 Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Segmentation by Application
- 7.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
- 7.2 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Sales by Application (2020-2025)
- 7.3 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size (M USD) by Application (2020-2025)
- 7.4 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Sales Growth Rate by Application (2020-2025)
- 8 Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Sales by Region
- 8.1 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Sales by Region
- 8.1.1 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Sales by Region
- 8.1.2 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Sales Market Share by Region
- 8.2 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size by Region
- 8.2.1 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size by Region
- 8.2.2 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size Market Share by Region
- 8.3 North America
- 8.3.1 North America Synthetic Iron Oxide Sales by Country
- 8.3.2 North America Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size by Country
- 8.3.3 U.S. Market Overview
- 8.3.4 Canada Market Overview
- 8.3.5 Mexico Market Overview
- 8.4 Europe
- 8.4.1 Europe Synthetic Iron Oxide Sales by Country
- 8.4.2 Europe Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size by Country
- 8.4.3 Germany Market Overview
- 8.4.4 France Market Overview
- 8.4.5 U.K. Market Overview
- 8.4.6 Italy Market Overview
- 8.4.7 Spain Market Overview
- 8.5 Asia Pacific
- 8.5.1 Asia Pacific Synthetic Iron Oxide Sales by Region
- 8.5.2 Asia Pacific Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size by Region
- 8.5.3 China Market Overview
- 8.5.4 Japan Market Overview
- 8.5.5 South Korea Market Overview
- 8.5.6 India Market Overview
- 8.5.7 Southeast Asia Market Overview
- 8.6 South America
- 8.6.1 South America Synthetic Iron Oxide Sales by Country
- 8.6.2 South America Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size by Country
- 8.6.3 Brazil Market Overview
- 8.6.4 Argentina Market Overview
- 8.6.5 Columbia Market Overview
- 8.7 Middle East and Africa
- 8.7.1 Middle East and Africa Synthetic Iron Oxide Sales by Region
- 8.7.2 Middle East and Africa Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size by Region
- 8.7.3 Saudi Arabia Market Overview
- 8.7.4 UAE Market Overview
- 8.7.5 Egypt Market Overview
- 8.7.6 Nigeria Market Overview
- 8.7.7 South Africa Market Overview
- 9 Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Production by Region
- 9.1 Global Production of Synthetic Iron Oxide by Region(2020-2025)
- 9.2 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Revenue Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
- 9.3 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 9.4 North America Synthetic Iron Oxide Production
- 9.4.1 North America Synthetic Iron Oxide Production Growth Rate (2020-2025)
- 9.4.2 North America Synthetic Iron Oxide Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 9.5 Europe Synthetic Iron Oxide Production
- 9.5.1 Europe Synthetic Iron Oxide Production Growth Rate (2020-2025)
- 9.5.2 Europe Synthetic Iron Oxide Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 9.6 Japan Synthetic Iron Oxide Production (2020-2025)
- 9.6.1 Japan Synthetic Iron Oxide Production Growth Rate (2020-2025)
- 9.6.2 Japan Synthetic Iron Oxide Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 9.7 China Synthetic Iron Oxide Production (2020-2025)
- 9.7.1 China Synthetic Iron Oxide Production Growth Rate (2020-2025)
- 9.7.2 China Synthetic Iron Oxide Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
- 10 Key Companies Profile
- 10.1 LANXESS
- 10.1.1 LANXESS Basic Information
- 10.1.2 LANXESS Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Overview
- 10.1.3 LANXESS Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Market Performance
- 10.1.4 LANXESS Business Overview
- 10.1.5 LANXESS SWOT Analysis
- 10.1.6 LANXESS Recent Developments
- 10.2 BASF
- 10.2.1 BASF Basic Information
- 10.2.2 BASF Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Overview
- 10.2.3 BASF Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Market Performance
- 10.2.4 BASF Business Overview
- 10.2.5 BASF SWOT Analysis
- 10.2.6 BASF Recent Developments
- 10.3 DowDuPont
- 10.3.1 DowDuPont Basic Information
- 10.3.2 DowDuPont Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Overview
- 10.3.3 DowDuPont Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Market Performance
- 10.3.4 DowDuPont Business Overview
- 10.3.5 DowDuPont SWOT Analysis
- 10.3.6 DowDuPont Recent Developments
- 10.4 KRONOS WORLDWIDE
- 10.4.1 KRONOS WORLDWIDE Basic Information
- 10.4.2 KRONOS WORLDWIDE Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Overview
- 10.4.3 KRONOS WORLDWIDE Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Market Performance
- 10.4.4 KRONOS WORLDWIDE Business Overview
- 10.4.5 KRONOS WORLDWIDE Recent Developments
- 10.5 TRONOX
- 10.5.1 TRONOX Basic Information
- 10.5.2 TRONOX Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Overview
- 10.5.3 TRONOX Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Market Performance
- 10.5.4 TRONOX Business Overview
- 10.5.5 TRONOX Recent Developments
- 10.6 HEUBACH
- 10.6.1 HEUBACH Basic Information
- 10.6.2 HEUBACH Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Overview
- 10.6.3 HEUBACH Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Market Performance
- 10.6.4 HEUBACH Business Overview
- 10.6.5 HEUBACH Recent Developments
- 10.7 APPLIED MINERALS
- 10.7.1 APPLIED MINERALS Basic Information
- 10.7.2 APPLIED MINERALS Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Overview
- 10.7.3 APPLIED MINERALS Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Market Performance
- 10.7.4 APPLIED MINERALS Business Overview
- 10.7.5 APPLIED MINERALS Recent Developments
- 10.8 CATHAY INDUSTRIES
- 10.8.1 CATHAY INDUSTRIES Basic Information
- 10.8.2 CATHAY INDUSTRIES Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Overview
- 10.8.3 CATHAY INDUSTRIES Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Market Performance
- 10.8.4 CATHAY INDUSTRIES Business Overview
- 10.8.5 CATHAY INDUSTRIES Recent Developments
- 10.9 HUNAN THREE-RING PIGMENTS
- 10.9.1 HUNAN THREE-RING PIGMENTS Basic Information
- 10.9.2 HUNAN THREE-RING PIGMENTS Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Overview
- 10.9.3 HUNAN THREE-RING PIGMENTS Synthetic Iron Oxide Product Market Performance
- 10.9.4 HUNAN THREE-RING PIGMENTS Business Overview
- 10.9.5 HUNAN THREE-RING PIGMENTS Recent Developments
- 11 Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Forecast by Region
- 11.1 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size Forecast
- 11.2 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Forecast by Region
- 11.2.1 North America Market Size Forecast by Country
- 11.2.2 Europe Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size Forecast by Country
- 11.2.3 Asia Pacific Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size Forecast by Region
- 11.2.4 South America Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size Forecast by Country
- 11.2.5 Middle East and Africa Forecasted Sales of Synthetic Iron Oxide by Country
- 12 Forecast Market by Type and by Application (2026-2033)
- 12.1 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Forecast by Type (2026-2033)
- 12.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Synthetic Iron Oxide by Type (2026-2033)
- 12.1.2 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size Forecast by Type (2026-2033)
- 12.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Synthetic Iron Oxide by Type (2026-2033)
- 12.2 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Forecast by Application (2026-2033)
- 12.2.1 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Sales (K MT) Forecast by Application
- 12.2.2 Global Synthetic Iron Oxide Market Size (M USD) Forecast by Application (2026-2033)
- 13 Conclusion and Key Findings
Pricing
Currency Rates
Questions or Comments?
Our team has the ability to search within reports to verify it suits your needs. We can also help maximize your budget by finding sections of reports you can purchase.