
United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Overview,2030
Description
The seed treatment market in the United Kingdom has evolved over several decades, shaped by the country’s intensive arable farming, regulatory framework, and focus on high-yield cereal and oilseed production. Historically, seed treatments in the UK began in the mid-20th century with fungicidal dressings applied to wheat, barley, and oats to prevent smuts, bunt, and other seedborne fungal diseases that threatened germination and early plant development. By the 1970s and 1980s, insecticidal seed treatments became more widely used to combat soil-dwelling pests such as wireworms, aphids, and slugs, which posed significant risks to cereals and oilseeds. The adoption of hybrid and genetically improved varieties in the 1990s and early 2000s further increased demand for seed-applied protection, as safeguarding expensive seeds became essential for maximizing yields and ensuring uniform crop establishment. During this period, advances in polymer coatings, pelleting, and precision application techniques improved the efficiency and effectiveness of treatments, particularly in wheat, barley, and rapeseed. In recent years, the UK market has seen a growing focus on biological seed treatments, including microbial inoculants, biofungicides, and biostimulants, driven by environmental concerns, EU and UK regulations restricting certain chemical pesticides such as neonicotinoids, and increased demand for sustainable farming practices. These biological solutions are being applied across cereals, oilseeds, and pulses to enhance root growth, stress tolerance, and nutrient uptake. Today, the UK seed treatment market balances a strong foundation of chemical products from global companies like Bayer, Syngenta, BASF, and Corteva with an expanding portfolio of biologicals developed by both multinational and domestic innovators, reflecting a transition toward sustainable and high-performance crop protection strategies.
According to the research report, "" United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Overview, 2030,"" published by Bonafide Research, the United Kingdom Seed Treatment market is anticipated to add to USD 100 Million by 2025–30.In the United Kingdom, the seed treatment market is driven by the need to protect high-value crops such as wheat, barley, oilseed rape, and pulses from soilborne pathogens, insect pests, and fungal infections that can severely impact germination and yield. Rising seed costs, the adoption of hybrid and improved varieties, and the requirement for uniform crop establishment have made chemical seed treatments, including fungicides and insecticides, a standard practice among UK farmers. Increasing awareness of sustainable agriculture and environmental stewardship has also stimulated demand for biological treatments such as microbial inoculants, biofungicides, and biostimulants, which enhance root development, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance. Government regulations, including restrictions on neonicotinoids and other high-risk chemical pesticides, further drive the adoption of low-risk and eco-friendly seed treatments. However, the market faces challenges including high product costs, which may limit adoption among smaller farms, and complexity in selecting suitable chemical-biological combinations for different crop types and soil conditions. Limited awareness and experience with biological treatments among certain farmer segments can also hinder adoption rates, while strict compliance requirements under UK and EU frameworks necessitate careful monitoring by manufacturers and distributors. Additionally, climatic variability, including fluctuating temperatures and rainfall patterns, poses risks to seedling establishment and may require more advanced treatment solutions. Despite these constraints, the UK seed treatment market is supported by strong research and innovation from multinational companies such as Bayer, BASF, Syngenta, and Corteva, alongside domestic and regional players focusing on sustainable, high-performance crop protection and enhanced productivity.
In the United Kingdom by Type fragment , chemical seed treatment continues to rule the market, particularly for wheat, barley, oilseed rape, and pulses, where fungicides, insecticides, and nematicides are applied to protect seeds from soilborne pathogens, fungal infections, and early-season pests such as wireworms, aphids, and slugs. Multinational companies including Bayer, Syngenta, BASF, and Corteva supply the majority of chemical products, offering region-specific formulations that comply with UK and EU regulations. Chemical treatments are critical for safeguarding high-value hybrid and improved seeds, ensuring uniform germination, early vigor, and consistent yield, which is especially important in intensive arable systems and export-oriented production. Meanwhile, biological seed treatment is gaining traction in the UK, driven by increasing regulatory restrictions on certain chemical pesticides, environmental sustainability concerns, and rising farmer demand for low-risk, eco-friendly solutions. Biological treatments, including microbial inoculants, biofungicides, and biostimulants, are applied across cereals, oilseeds, and pulses to improve nitrogen fixation, root development, stress tolerance, and overall plant vigor. Domestic and regional companies, alongside global firms, are investing in research and development to expand biological offerings and integrate them with chemical solutions for enhanced efficacy. Although biological treatments currently account for a smaller share compared to chemicals, adoption is accelerating due to their benefits in soil health, compliance with environmental regulations, and alignment with sustainable agricultural practices. The UK seed treatment market reflects a dual strategy: reliance on proven chemical protection for staple crops while increasingly incorporating biological solutions to meet regulatory, environmental, and long-term productivity goals.
In the United Kingdom, seed protection remains the cornerstone of the seed treatment market, particularly for cereals such as wheat, barley, and oats, as well as oilseed rape and pulses, where chemical fungicides, insecticides, and nematicides are applied to protect seeds from soilborne pathogens, fungal infections, and early-season pests including wireworms, aphids, and slugs. Protection treatments are essential in the UK’s intensive arable farming systems, where high-value hybrid and improved seeds require early safeguarding to ensure uniform germination, plant vigor, and consistent yield outcomes. Alongside protection, seed enhancement has emerged as a growing focus, aimed at improving seedling vigor, nutrient uptake, root development, and stress tolerance, particularly in pulses, oilseeds, and high-value horticultural crops. Biological treatments such as microbial inoculants, biofungicides, and biostimulants are increasingly used to enhance nitrogen fixation, improve resilience to abiotic stresses like drought and temperature fluctuations, and support soil health. Major multinational firms including Bayer, BASF, Syngenta, and Corteva, alongside domestic and regional innovators, are expanding enhancement portfolios, often integrating chemical and biological treatments to optimize crop performance. Seed enhancement is especially important for high-value and export-oriented crops, contributing to improved establishment, uniform growth, and sustainable productivity. Overall, the UK seed treatment market reflects a balanced approach, where protection remains indispensable for risk management and yield security, while enhancement is gaining prominence as a growth driver, reflecting the country’s focus on sustainable agriculture, environmental compliance, and long-term farm profitability.
In the United Kingdom, seed treatment adoption varies by crop type, reflecting the country’s focus on high-value, intensive, and export-oriented agriculture. Cereals and grains, particularly wheat, barley, and oats, account for the largest share, as chemical fungicides, insecticides, and nematicides are applied to protect against soilborne pathogens, fungal infections, and early-season pests such as wireworms and aphids. Uniform germination and early vigor are essential in the UK’s arable systems, where hybrid and improved varieties dominate production. Oilseeds and pulses, including oilseed rape (canola), soybeans, peas, and beans, also represent a significant portion of the market, with treatments designed to prevent fungal and insect damage while enhancing nitrogen fixation and root development through biological inoculants and biostimulants. Fruits and vegetables, although occupying smaller acreage, increasingly benefit from chemical and biological seed treatments to improve seedling vigor, disease resistance, and overall performance in high-value crops such as tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, and leafy greens. The others category, including specialty crops like forage, sugar beet, and corn, utilizes tailored treatments to optimize germination, early plant establishment, and adaptability under variable soil and climatic conditions. Overall, cereals and grains dominate the UK market due to their extensive cultivation and economic importance, oilseeds and pulses drive adoption of biological treatments, and fruits, vegetables, and specialty crops offer opportunities for innovation in seed enhancement and protection technologies. The UK seed treatment market demonstrates a strategic balance between staple crop protection and the integration of sustainable enhancement solutions to maintain productivity, comply with environmental regulations, and support long-term farm profitability.
In the United Kingdom, seed coating is the most widely adopted application technique, particularly for cereals such as wheat, barley, and oats, as well as oilseed rape, where chemical fungicides, insecticides, polymers, and biological agents are uniformly applied to the seed surface. Coating improves seed flowability, planter compatibility, and early protection against soilborne pathogens and pests, which is critical in the UK’s intensive and mechanized farming systems. Seed dressing, involving direct application of liquid or dry chemical and biological formulations without significantly altering seed size, continues to be used in cereals and pulses due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, although its adoption has declined relative to advanced coating methods that reduce dust-off and improve adherence. Seed pelleting is particularly important for small-seeded and high-value crops such as vegetables, forage species, and specialty pulses, where modifying seed size and shape facilitates precision planting, improves uniformity, and allows incorporation of protective and nutritional compounds. The others category includes emerging techniques such as seed priming, film coating, and encrusting, which are increasingly applied in cereals, pulses, oilseeds, and horticultural crops to enhance germination rates, stress tolerance, and nutrient uptake. Across the UK, coating dominates large-scale staple crop production due to its efficiency and compatibility with modern sowing equipment, while pelleting and novel approaches are creating growth opportunities in specialty and high-value crops. This application pattern reflects the UK’s strategic approach of combining reliable protection for major crops with innovative enhancement technologies to support productivity, regulatory compliance, and sustainable agriculture, ensuring both economic and environmental goals are addressed in modern farming practices.
Considered in this report
• Historic Year: 2019
• Base year: 2024
• Estimated year: 2025
• Forecast year: 2030
Aspects covered in this report
• Seed Treatment Market with its value and forecast along with its segments
• Various drivers and challenges
• On-going trends and developments
• Top profiled companies
• Strategic recommendation
By Type
• Chemical Seed Treatment
• Biological Seed Treatment
By Function
• Seed Protection
• Seed Enhancement
By Crop Type
• Cereals & Grains
• Oilseeds & Pulses
• Fruits & Vegetables
• Others
By Application Technique
• Seed Coating
• Seed Dressing
• Seed Pelleting
• Others
By Formulation
• Liquid Formulations
• Powder Formulations
• Flowable Concentrates
• Water-Dispersible Powders / Emulsions
According to the research report, "" United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Overview, 2030,"" published by Bonafide Research, the United Kingdom Seed Treatment market is anticipated to add to USD 100 Million by 2025–30.In the United Kingdom, the seed treatment market is driven by the need to protect high-value crops such as wheat, barley, oilseed rape, and pulses from soilborne pathogens, insect pests, and fungal infections that can severely impact germination and yield. Rising seed costs, the adoption of hybrid and improved varieties, and the requirement for uniform crop establishment have made chemical seed treatments, including fungicides and insecticides, a standard practice among UK farmers. Increasing awareness of sustainable agriculture and environmental stewardship has also stimulated demand for biological treatments such as microbial inoculants, biofungicides, and biostimulants, which enhance root development, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance. Government regulations, including restrictions on neonicotinoids and other high-risk chemical pesticides, further drive the adoption of low-risk and eco-friendly seed treatments. However, the market faces challenges including high product costs, which may limit adoption among smaller farms, and complexity in selecting suitable chemical-biological combinations for different crop types and soil conditions. Limited awareness and experience with biological treatments among certain farmer segments can also hinder adoption rates, while strict compliance requirements under UK and EU frameworks necessitate careful monitoring by manufacturers and distributors. Additionally, climatic variability, including fluctuating temperatures and rainfall patterns, poses risks to seedling establishment and may require more advanced treatment solutions. Despite these constraints, the UK seed treatment market is supported by strong research and innovation from multinational companies such as Bayer, BASF, Syngenta, and Corteva, alongside domestic and regional players focusing on sustainable, high-performance crop protection and enhanced productivity.
In the United Kingdom by Type fragment , chemical seed treatment continues to rule the market, particularly for wheat, barley, oilseed rape, and pulses, where fungicides, insecticides, and nematicides are applied to protect seeds from soilborne pathogens, fungal infections, and early-season pests such as wireworms, aphids, and slugs. Multinational companies including Bayer, Syngenta, BASF, and Corteva supply the majority of chemical products, offering region-specific formulations that comply with UK and EU regulations. Chemical treatments are critical for safeguarding high-value hybrid and improved seeds, ensuring uniform germination, early vigor, and consistent yield, which is especially important in intensive arable systems and export-oriented production. Meanwhile, biological seed treatment is gaining traction in the UK, driven by increasing regulatory restrictions on certain chemical pesticides, environmental sustainability concerns, and rising farmer demand for low-risk, eco-friendly solutions. Biological treatments, including microbial inoculants, biofungicides, and biostimulants, are applied across cereals, oilseeds, and pulses to improve nitrogen fixation, root development, stress tolerance, and overall plant vigor. Domestic and regional companies, alongside global firms, are investing in research and development to expand biological offerings and integrate them with chemical solutions for enhanced efficacy. Although biological treatments currently account for a smaller share compared to chemicals, adoption is accelerating due to their benefits in soil health, compliance with environmental regulations, and alignment with sustainable agricultural practices. The UK seed treatment market reflects a dual strategy: reliance on proven chemical protection for staple crops while increasingly incorporating biological solutions to meet regulatory, environmental, and long-term productivity goals.
In the United Kingdom, seed protection remains the cornerstone of the seed treatment market, particularly for cereals such as wheat, barley, and oats, as well as oilseed rape and pulses, where chemical fungicides, insecticides, and nematicides are applied to protect seeds from soilborne pathogens, fungal infections, and early-season pests including wireworms, aphids, and slugs. Protection treatments are essential in the UK’s intensive arable farming systems, where high-value hybrid and improved seeds require early safeguarding to ensure uniform germination, plant vigor, and consistent yield outcomes. Alongside protection, seed enhancement has emerged as a growing focus, aimed at improving seedling vigor, nutrient uptake, root development, and stress tolerance, particularly in pulses, oilseeds, and high-value horticultural crops. Biological treatments such as microbial inoculants, biofungicides, and biostimulants are increasingly used to enhance nitrogen fixation, improve resilience to abiotic stresses like drought and temperature fluctuations, and support soil health. Major multinational firms including Bayer, BASF, Syngenta, and Corteva, alongside domestic and regional innovators, are expanding enhancement portfolios, often integrating chemical and biological treatments to optimize crop performance. Seed enhancement is especially important for high-value and export-oriented crops, contributing to improved establishment, uniform growth, and sustainable productivity. Overall, the UK seed treatment market reflects a balanced approach, where protection remains indispensable for risk management and yield security, while enhancement is gaining prominence as a growth driver, reflecting the country’s focus on sustainable agriculture, environmental compliance, and long-term farm profitability.
In the United Kingdom, seed treatment adoption varies by crop type, reflecting the country’s focus on high-value, intensive, and export-oriented agriculture. Cereals and grains, particularly wheat, barley, and oats, account for the largest share, as chemical fungicides, insecticides, and nematicides are applied to protect against soilborne pathogens, fungal infections, and early-season pests such as wireworms and aphids. Uniform germination and early vigor are essential in the UK’s arable systems, where hybrid and improved varieties dominate production. Oilseeds and pulses, including oilseed rape (canola), soybeans, peas, and beans, also represent a significant portion of the market, with treatments designed to prevent fungal and insect damage while enhancing nitrogen fixation and root development through biological inoculants and biostimulants. Fruits and vegetables, although occupying smaller acreage, increasingly benefit from chemical and biological seed treatments to improve seedling vigor, disease resistance, and overall performance in high-value crops such as tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, and leafy greens. The others category, including specialty crops like forage, sugar beet, and corn, utilizes tailored treatments to optimize germination, early plant establishment, and adaptability under variable soil and climatic conditions. Overall, cereals and grains dominate the UK market due to their extensive cultivation and economic importance, oilseeds and pulses drive adoption of biological treatments, and fruits, vegetables, and specialty crops offer opportunities for innovation in seed enhancement and protection technologies. The UK seed treatment market demonstrates a strategic balance between staple crop protection and the integration of sustainable enhancement solutions to maintain productivity, comply with environmental regulations, and support long-term farm profitability.
In the United Kingdom, seed coating is the most widely adopted application technique, particularly for cereals such as wheat, barley, and oats, as well as oilseed rape, where chemical fungicides, insecticides, polymers, and biological agents are uniformly applied to the seed surface. Coating improves seed flowability, planter compatibility, and early protection against soilborne pathogens and pests, which is critical in the UK’s intensive and mechanized farming systems. Seed dressing, involving direct application of liquid or dry chemical and biological formulations without significantly altering seed size, continues to be used in cereals and pulses due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, although its adoption has declined relative to advanced coating methods that reduce dust-off and improve adherence. Seed pelleting is particularly important for small-seeded and high-value crops such as vegetables, forage species, and specialty pulses, where modifying seed size and shape facilitates precision planting, improves uniformity, and allows incorporation of protective and nutritional compounds. The others category includes emerging techniques such as seed priming, film coating, and encrusting, which are increasingly applied in cereals, pulses, oilseeds, and horticultural crops to enhance germination rates, stress tolerance, and nutrient uptake. Across the UK, coating dominates large-scale staple crop production due to its efficiency and compatibility with modern sowing equipment, while pelleting and novel approaches are creating growth opportunities in specialty and high-value crops. This application pattern reflects the UK’s strategic approach of combining reliable protection for major crops with innovative enhancement technologies to support productivity, regulatory compliance, and sustainable agriculture, ensuring both economic and environmental goals are addressed in modern farming practices.
Considered in this report
• Historic Year: 2019
• Base year: 2024
• Estimated year: 2025
• Forecast year: 2030
Aspects covered in this report
• Seed Treatment Market with its value and forecast along with its segments
• Various drivers and challenges
• On-going trends and developments
• Top profiled companies
• Strategic recommendation
By Type
• Chemical Seed Treatment
• Biological Seed Treatment
By Function
• Seed Protection
• Seed Enhancement
By Crop Type
• Cereals & Grains
• Oilseeds & Pulses
• Fruits & Vegetables
• Others
By Application Technique
• Seed Coating
• Seed Dressing
• Seed Pelleting
• Others
By Formulation
• Liquid Formulations
• Powder Formulations
• Flowable Concentrates
• Water-Dispersible Powders / Emulsions
Table of Contents
78 Pages
- 1. Executive Summary
- 2. Market Structure
- 2.1. Market Considerate
- 2.2. Assumptions
- 2.3. Limitations
- 2.4. Abbreviations
- 2.5. Sources
- 2.6. Definitions
- 3. Research Methodology
- 3.1. Secondary Research
- 3.2. Primary Data Collection
- 3.3. Market Formation & Validation
- 3.4. Report Writing, Quality Check & Delivery
- 4. United Kingdom Geography
- 4.1. Population Distribution Table
- 4.2. United Kingdom Macro Economic Indicators
- 5. Market Dynamics
- 5.1. Key Insights
- 5.2. Recent Developments
- 5.3. Market Drivers & Opportunities
- 5.4. Market Restraints & Challenges
- 5.5. Market Trends
- 5.6. Supply chain Analysis
- 5.7. Policy & Regulatory Framework
- 5.8. Industry Experts Views
- 6. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Overview
- 6.1. Market Size By Value
- 6.2. Market Size and Forecast, By Type
- 6.3. Market Size and Forecast, By Function
- 6.4. Market Size and Forecast, By Crop Type
- 6.5. Market Size and Forecast, By Application Technique
- 6.6. Market Size and Forecast, By Region
- 7. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Segmentations
- 7.1. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market, By Type
- 7.1.1. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By Chemical Seed Treatment, 2019-2030
- 7.1.2. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By Biological Seed Treatment, 2019-2030
- 7.2. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market, By Function
- 7.2.1. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By Seed Protection, 2019-2030
- 7.2.2. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By Seed Enhancement, 2019-2030
- 7.3. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market, By Crop Type
- 7.3.1. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By Cereals & Grains, 2019-2030
- 7.3.2. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By Oilseeds & Pulses, 2019-2030
- 7.3.3. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By Fruits & Vegetables, 2019-2030
- 7.3.4. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By Others, 2019-2030
- 7.4. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market, By Application Technique
- 7.4.1. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By Seed Coating, 2019-2030
- 7.4.2. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By Seed Dressing, 2019-2030
- 7.4.3. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By Others, 2019-2030
- 7.5. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market, By Region
- 7.5.1. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By North, 2019-2030
- 7.5.2. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By East, 2019-2030
- 7.5.3. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By West, 2019-2030
- 7.5.4. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size, By South, 2019-2030
- 8. United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Opportunity Assessment
- 8.1. By Type, 2025 to 2030
- 8.2. By Function, 2025 to 2030
- 8.3. By Crop Type, 2025 to 2030
- 8.4. By Application Technique, 2025 to 2030
- 8.5. By Region, 2025 to 2030
- 9. Competitive Landscape
- 9.1. Porter's Five Forces
- 9.2. Company Profile
- 9.2.1. Company 1
- 9.2.1.1. Company Snapshot
- 9.2.1.2. Company Overview
- 9.2.1.3. Financial Highlights
- 9.2.1.4. Geographic Insights
- 9.2.1.5. Business Segment & Performance
- 9.2.1.6. Product Portfolio
- 9.2.1.7. Key Executives
- 9.2.1.8. Strategic Moves & Developments
- 9.2.2. Company 2
- 9.2.3. Company 3
- 9.2.4. Company 4
- 9.2.5. Company 5
- 9.2.6. Company 6
- 9.2.7. Company 7
- 9.2.8. Company 8
- 10. Strategic Recommendations
- 11. Disclaimer
- List of Figures
- Figure 1: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size By Value (2019, 2024 & 2030F) (in USD Million)
- Figure 2: Market Attractiveness Index, By Type
- Figure 3: Market Attractiveness Index, By Function
- Figure 4: Market Attractiveness Index, By Crop Type
- Figure 5: Market Attractiveness Index, By Application Technique
- Figure 6: Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
- Figure 7: Porter's Five Forces of United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market
- List of Tables
- Table 1: Influencing Factors for Seed Treatment Market, 2024
- Table 2: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size and Forecast, By Type (2019 to 2030F) (In USD Million)
- Table 3: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size and Forecast, By Function (2019 to 2030F) (In USD Million)
- Table 4: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size and Forecast, By Crop Type (2019 to 2030F) (In USD Million)
- Table 5: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size and Forecast, By Application Technique (2019 to 2030F) (In USD Million)
- Table 6: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size and Forecast, By Region (2019 to 2030F) (In USD Million)
- Table 7: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of Chemical Seed Treatment (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
- Table 8: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of Biological Seed Treatment (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
- Table 9: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of Seed Protection (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
- Table 10: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of Seed Enhancement (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
- Table 11: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of Cereals & Grains (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
- Table 12: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of Oilseeds & Pulses (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
- Table 13: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of Fruits & Vegetables (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
- Table 14: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of Others (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
- Table 15: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of Seed Coating (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
- Table 16: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of Seed Dressing (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
- Table 17: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of Others (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
- Table 18: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of North (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
- Table 19: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of East (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
- Table 20: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of West (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
- Table 21: United Kingdom Seed Treatment Market Size of South (2019 to 2030) in USD Million
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