
Phosphoramidite Market - A Global and Country Level Analysis: Focus on Type, End User, and Region - Analysis and Forecast, 2022-2032
Description
Phosphoramidite Market - A Global and Country Level Analysis: Focus on Type, End User, and Region - Analysis and Forecast, 2022-2032
Global Phosphoramidite Market: Industry Overview
The global phosphoramidite market is projected to reach $2,062.9 million by 2032 from $900.3 million in 2021, at a CAGR of 7.78% during the forecast period 2022-2032. The market growth can be ascribed to the rising demand for oligonucleotides, growing synthetic biology market, increasing partnerships and collaborations, continuous investment for research and development activities by private and public firms, and growing prevalence of several diseases creating an urgent need for novel therapeutic treatments.
Market Lifecycle Stage
The global phosphoramidite market is in the rapidly evolving and dynamic stage, which opens ample opportunities for life sciences companies. Also, companies that are already in the development phase for phosphoramidite are trying to bring diverse manufacturing options to the market to improve the quality of oligonucleotides. The companies operating in the global phosphoramidite market are now focusing more on high-quality and customized options. Also, major players such as Merck KGaA, Maravai LifeSciences Holdings, Inc, LGC Science Group Holdings Limited, and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. are investing heavily in research and development for their respective phosphoramidite products.
Impact
Before the discovery of phosphoramidites in 1981, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis techniques were restricted in the quality of DNA produced. Inefficient reactions generated truncated oligonucleotide sequences. Additionally, intermediates utilized in the synthesis process were highly unstable, predisposing the growing oligonucleotide sequence to damage. Together, several characteristics of phosphoramidites have enabled the chemistry to work well for a long time. Phosphoramidite chemistry is of fundamental importance for producing synthetic oligonucleotides that can be further utilized in a range of different areas, for instance, as primers for a polymerase chain reaction, oligonucleotide-based therapies, and genetic engineering. Millions of synthetic oligonucleotides are employed in research laboratories, pharmaceutical industries, and hospitals.
The phosphoramidite chemistry is unlikely to be replaced by emerging technologies, as the demand for primers and short-length DNA sequences is burgeoning within pharmaceuticals, synthetic biology, and molecular diagnostic industries. Essentially, synthetic DNA is applied for the discovery and engineering of biological pathways, making DNA synthesis a breakthrough of the last century. Thus, the market is anticipated to grow significantly during the forecast period 2022-2032.
Market Segmentation
Segmentation 1: by Type
Segmentation 2: by End User
Segmentation 3: by Region
Recent Developments in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
Following are the demand drivers for the global phosphoramidite market:
Innovation Strategy: The global phosphoramidite report can help the reader gain a holistic view of the current and future global phosphoramidite market, including the competitive landscape, market size, and factors impacting the industry.
Growth/Marketing Strategy: The global phosphoramidite market has seen major development by key players operating in the market, such as acquisitions, business expansion and funding, and other developments. The favored strategy for the companies has been business expansion activities along with acquisitions to strengthen their position in the market.
Competitive Strategy: Key players in the global phosphoramidite market have been analyzed and profiled in the study. Moreover, a detailed competitive benchmarking of players operating in the global phosphoramidite market has been done to help the reader understand how players stack against each other, presenting a clear market landscape. Additionally, comprehensive competitive strategies such as partnerships, agreements, and collaborations will aid the reader in understanding the untapped revenue pockets in the market.
Key Market Players and Competition Synopsis
The companies that are profiled have been selected based on inputs gathered from primary experts and analyzing the company’s coverage, product portfolio, and market penetration.
Some of the prominent names in this market are:
Global Phosphoramidite Market: Industry Overview
The global phosphoramidite market is projected to reach $2,062.9 million by 2032 from $900.3 million in 2021, at a CAGR of 7.78% during the forecast period 2022-2032. The market growth can be ascribed to the rising demand for oligonucleotides, growing synthetic biology market, increasing partnerships and collaborations, continuous investment for research and development activities by private and public firms, and growing prevalence of several diseases creating an urgent need for novel therapeutic treatments.
Market Lifecycle Stage
The global phosphoramidite market is in the rapidly evolving and dynamic stage, which opens ample opportunities for life sciences companies. Also, companies that are already in the development phase for phosphoramidite are trying to bring diverse manufacturing options to the market to improve the quality of oligonucleotides. The companies operating in the global phosphoramidite market are now focusing more on high-quality and customized options. Also, major players such as Merck KGaA, Maravai LifeSciences Holdings, Inc, LGC Science Group Holdings Limited, and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. are investing heavily in research and development for their respective phosphoramidite products.
Impact
Before the discovery of phosphoramidites in 1981, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis techniques were restricted in the quality of DNA produced. Inefficient reactions generated truncated oligonucleotide sequences. Additionally, intermediates utilized in the synthesis process were highly unstable, predisposing the growing oligonucleotide sequence to damage. Together, several characteristics of phosphoramidites have enabled the chemistry to work well for a long time. Phosphoramidite chemistry is of fundamental importance for producing synthetic oligonucleotides that can be further utilized in a range of different areas, for instance, as primers for a polymerase chain reaction, oligonucleotide-based therapies, and genetic engineering. Millions of synthetic oligonucleotides are employed in research laboratories, pharmaceutical industries, and hospitals.
The phosphoramidite chemistry is unlikely to be replaced by emerging technologies, as the demand for primers and short-length DNA sequences is burgeoning within pharmaceuticals, synthetic biology, and molecular diagnostic industries. Essentially, synthetic DNA is applied for the discovery and engineering of biological pathways, making DNA synthesis a breakthrough of the last century. Thus, the market is anticipated to grow significantly during the forecast period 2022-2032.
Market Segmentation
Segmentation 1: by Type
- DNA Phosphoramidites
- RNA Phosphoramidites
- Labeled Phosphoramidites
- Others
Segmentation 2: by End User
- Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies
- Diagnostic Laboratories
- Synthetic Biology and Research Institutes
Segmentation 3: by Region
- North America
- Europe
- Asia-Pacific
- Rest-of-the-World
Recent Developments in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- In August 2019, the company acquired 75% ordinary capital of the parent company of Toronto Research Chemicals Inc., i.e., Biomed Pharmaceutical Limited.
- In July 2022, TriLink BioTechnologies expanded its R&D leadership team's responsibility for leading the company’s scientific direction and research and development strategy.
- In May 2022, TriLink BioTechnologies announced a cooperative agreement with the Department of Defense and included funding for TriLink’s expansion in San Diego, California, for nucleic acid production.
- In November 2021, Biosynth Carbosynth acquired Kexing Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd.’s raw material manufacturing unit located in Jinan, China, to expand its operations and deliver a wide range of products at a larger production volume and increased capacity. The facility extends to more than 30,000 square meters of area.
- In November 2021, a leading investment firm, KKR, invested an undisclosed amount and acquired Biosynth Carbosynth from its founders, Armira and Dr. Urs Spitz. However, senior management will retain a significant ownership stake, and KKR will contribute as a strategic partner. KKR plans to encourage and accelerate the company's product portfolio expansion and geographic buildout and widen its capabilities.
Following are the demand drivers for the global phosphoramidite market:
- Increasing Synthetic Nucleotide Applications in Therapeutics
- Growth in Synthetic Biology
- Challenges in Developing Long Nucleotide Sequences
- Competition from Emerging DNA Synthesis Technologies
Innovation Strategy: The global phosphoramidite report can help the reader gain a holistic view of the current and future global phosphoramidite market, including the competitive landscape, market size, and factors impacting the industry.
Growth/Marketing Strategy: The global phosphoramidite market has seen major development by key players operating in the market, such as acquisitions, business expansion and funding, and other developments. The favored strategy for the companies has been business expansion activities along with acquisitions to strengthen their position in the market.
Competitive Strategy: Key players in the global phosphoramidite market have been analyzed and profiled in the study. Moreover, a detailed competitive benchmarking of players operating in the global phosphoramidite market has been done to help the reader understand how players stack against each other, presenting a clear market landscape. Additionally, comprehensive competitive strategies such as partnerships, agreements, and collaborations will aid the reader in understanding the untapped revenue pockets in the market.
Key Market Players and Competition Synopsis
The companies that are profiled have been selected based on inputs gathered from primary experts and analyzing the company’s coverage, product portfolio, and market penetration.
Some of the prominent names in this market are:
- Biosynth Carbosynth
- Bioneer Corporation
- Lumiprobe Corporation
- QIAGEN N.V.
- Danaher Corporation (IDT)
- TriLink BioTechnologies
- Creative Biolabs
- PolyOrg, Inc.
- Hongene Biotech Corporation
- ChemGenes
- BOC Sciences
- Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (TCI)
- LGC Science Group Holdings Limited
- AAT Bioquest, Inc.
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.
- Merck KGaA
Table of Contents
126 Pages
- 1 Market
- 1.1 Product Definition
- 1.2 Inclusion and Exclusion
- 2 Market Scope
- 2.1 Key Questions Answered in the Report
- 3 Research Methodology
- 3.1 Data Sources
- 3.1.1 Primary Data Source
- 3.1.2 Secondary Data Sources
- 3.2 Market Estimation Model
- 3.3 Criteria for Company Profiling
- 4 Market Overview
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Phosphoramidite Synthesis Process
- 4.2.1 Stability Considerations for Phosphoramidite
- 4.3 Applications of Phosphoramidite Chemistry
- 4.4 Future Trends in Phosphoramidite Industry
- 4.5 COVID-19 Impact on Phosphoramidite Industry
- 4.6 Current Market Size and Growth Potential, $Million, 2022-2032
- 5 Industry Insights
- 5.1 Overview
- 5.2 Regulatory Considerations for Phosphoramidite
- 5.2.1 Challenges
- 5.2.2 Current Regulatory Landscape
- 5.2.3 GMP, Control Strategy, and Facility Considerations
- 5.2.3.1 Brief Control Strategy
- 6 Market Dynamics
- 6.1 Overview
- 6.2 Impact Analysis
- 6.3 Market Drivers
- 6.3.1 Increasing Synthetic Nucleotide Applications in Therapeutics
- 6.3.2 Growth in Synthetic Biology
- 6.4 Market Restraints
- 6.4.1 Challenges in Developing Long Nucleotide Sequences
- 6.4.2 Competition from Emerging DNA Synthesis Technologies
- 6.5 Market Opportunities
- 6.5.1 Utilize advanced tools for lowering manufacturing cost and increasing production in gene synthesis
- 7 Global Phosphoramidite Market, by Type, $Million, 2021-2032
- 7.1 Overview
- 7.2 DNA Phosphoramidites
- 7.3 RNA Phosphoramidites
- 7.4 Labeled Phosphoramidites
- 7.5 Other Phosphoramidites
- 8 Global Phosphoramidite Market, by End Users, $Million, 2021-2032
- 8.1 Overview
- 8.2 Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies
- 8.3 Diagnostic Laboratories
- 8.4 Synthetic Biology and Research Institutes
- 9 Global Phosphoramidite Market, by Region, $Million, 2021-2032
- 9.1 Overview
- 9.2 North America
- 9.2.1 U.S.
- 9.2.2 Canada
- 9.3 Europe
- 9.3.1 U.K.
- 9.3.2 Germany
- 9.3.3 France
- 9.3.4 Spain
- 9.3.5 Italy
- 9.3.6 Rest-of-Europe
- 9.4 Asia-Pacific
- 9.4.1 Japan
- 9.4.2 China
- 9.4.3 India
- 9.4.4 Rest-of-Asia-Pacific
- 9.5 Rest-of-the-World
- 10 Competitive Insights
- 10.1 Key Strategies and Development
- 10.1.1 Overview
- 10.1.2 Business Expansions
- 10.1.3 Mergers and Acquisitions
- 10.1.4 Funding Activities
- 10.1.5 Others
- 10.2 Market Share Analysis (by Company) 2021
- 11 Market - Competitive Benchmarking & Company Profiles
- 11.1 Overview
- 11.2 Biosynth Carbosynth
- 11.2.1 Company Overview
- 11.2.2 Role of Biosynth Carbosynth in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.2.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.2.4 Corporate strategies
- 11.2.4.1 Synergistic Activities
- 11.2.5 Analyst Perspective
- 11.3 Bioneer Corporation
- 11.3.1 Company Overview
- 11.3.2 Role of Bioneer Corporation in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.3.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.3.4 Analyst Perspective
- 11.4 Lumiprobe Corporation
- 11.4.1 Company Overview
- 11.4.2 Role of Lumiprobe Corporation in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.4.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.4.4 Analyst Perspective
- 11.5 QIAGEN N.V.
- 11.5.1 Company Overview
- 11.5.2 Role of QIAGEN N.V. in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.5.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.5.4 Financials
- 11.5.5 Analyst Perspective
- 11.6 Danaher Corporation (IDT)
- 11.6.1 Company Overview
- 11.6.2 Role of Danaher Corporation (IDT) in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.6.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.6.4 Key Customers of the Company
- 11.6.5 Financials
- 11.6.6 Analyst Perspective
- 11.7 TriLink BioTechnologies
- 11.7.1 Company Overview
- 11.7.2 Role of TriLink BioTechnologies in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.7.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.7.4 Financials
- 11.7.5 Business Strategies
- 11.7.6 Analyst Perspective
- 11.8 Creative Biolabs
- 11.8.1 Company Overview
- 11.8.2 Role of Creative Biolabs in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.8.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.9 PolyOrg, Inc.
- 11.9.1 Company Overview
- 11.9.2 Role of PolyOrg, Inc. in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.9.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.1 Hongene Biotech Corporation
- 11.10.1 Company Overview
- 11.10.2 Role of Hongene Biotech Corporation in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.10.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.10.4 Business Strategies
- 11.11 ChemGenes
- 11.11.1 Company Overview
- 11.11.2 Role of ChemGenes in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.11.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.12 BOC Sciences
- 11.12.1 Company Overview
- 11.12.2 Role of BOC Sciences in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.12.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.12.4 Key Customers of the Company
- 11.13 Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (TCI)
- 11.13.1 Company Overview
- 11.13.2 Role of Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.13.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.14 LGC Science Group Holdings Limited
- 11.14.1 Company Overview
- 11.14.2 Role of LGC Science Group Holdings Limited in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.14.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.14.4 Key Customers of the Company
- 11.14.5 Financials
- 11.14.6 Business Strategies
- 11.14.7 Analyst Perspective
- 11.15 AAT Bioquest, Inc.
- 11.15.1 Company Overview
- 11.15.2 Role of AAT Bioquest, Inc. in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.15.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.16 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.
- 11.16.1 Company Overview
- 11.16.2 Role of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.16.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.16.4 Financials
- 11.16.5 Analyst Perspective
- 11.17 Merck KGaA
- 11.17.1 Company Overview
- 11.17.2 Role of Merck KGaA in the Global Phosphoramidite Market
- 11.17.3 Key Competitors of the Company
- 11.17.4 Financials
- 11.17.5 Analyst Perspective
- List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global Phosphoramidite Market Dynamics
- Figure 2: Global Phosphoramidite Market (by Type), $Million, 2021 and 2032
- Figure 3: Global Phosphoramidite Market (by End User), $Million, 2021 and 2032
- Figure 4: Global Phosphoramidite Market (by Region), $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 5: Global Phosphoramidite Market Segmentation
- Figure 6: Global Phosphoramidite Market Research Methodology
- Figure 7: Primary Research Methodology
- Figure 8: Volume-Based Market Sizing and Forecasting Methodology
- Figure 9: Structure of a Standard 2’-Deoxyadenosine Phosphoramidite
- Figure 10: Workflow of Phosphoramdite Synthesis Chemistry to Produce Oligonucleotides
- Figure 11: Phosphoramidite Synthesis Cycle
- Figure 12: Factors Impacting the Stability of Phosphoramidites
- Figure 13: Phosphoramidite Key Application Areas
- Figure 14: Global Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 15: Challenges for Phosphoramidite as a Drug Product
- Figure 16: Control Strategy: Phosphoramidite Elements
- Figure 17: Elements of Microbial Control Strategy
- Figure 18: Details of GMP, Control Strategy, and Facility Considerations
- Figure 19: Market Dynamics
- Figure 20: Impact Analysis
- Figure 21: Factors Influencing Rise in Oligonucleotide Demand and Growing Market
- Figure 22: Breakthrough Achievements in Synthetic Biology, 2016-2020
- Figure 23: Key Competitors Impacting Global Phosphoramidite Market Growth in Future
- Figure 24: Share of Global Phosphoramidite Market (by Type), $Million, 2021 and 2032
- Figure 25: Characteristics of DNA Phosphoramidites
- Figure 26: Global Phosphoramidite Market (DNA Phosphoramidites), $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 27: Global Phosphoramidite Market (RNA Phosphoramidites), $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 28: Global Phosphoramidite Market (Labeled Phosphoramidites), $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 29: Global Phosphoramidite Market (Other Phosphoramidites), $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 30: Share of Global Phosphoramidite Market (by End User), $Million, 2021 and 2032
- Figure 31: Global Phosphoramidite Market (Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies), $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 32: Global Phosphoramidite Market (Diagnostic Laboratories), $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 33: Global Phosphoramidite Market (Synthetic Biology and Research Institutes), $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 34: Global Phosphoramidite Market (by Region), $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 35: Market Dynamics of North America Phosphoramidite Market
- Figure 36: North America Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 37: Projections of the Older Adult Population in the U.S.: 2016 to 2060 (Million)
- Figure 38: U.S. Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 39: Canada Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 40: Market Dynamics of Europe Phosphoramidite Market
- Figure 41: Europe Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 42: U.K. Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 43: Germany Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 44: France Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 45: Spain Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 46: Italy Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 47: Rest-of-Europe Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 48: Market Dynamics of the Asia-Pacific Phosphoramidite Market
- Figure 49: Asia-Pacific Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 50: Japan Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 51: China Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 52: India Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 53: Rest-of-APAC Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 54: Rest-of-the-World Phosphoramidite Market, $Million, 2021-2032
- Figure 55: Figure: Share of Key Developments, January 2019-August 2022
- Figure 56: Business Expansions (by Company), January 2019-August 2022
- Figure 57: Merger and Acquisition Activities (by Company), January 2019-August 2022
- Figure 58: Market Share Analysis for the Global Phosphoramidite Market, 2021
- Figure 59: Total Number of Companies Profiled
- Figure 60: Bioneer Corporation’s Phosphoramidite Manufacturing Capacity
- Figure 61: Bioneer Corporation: Selective Product Portfolio
- Figure 62: Lumiprobe Corporation: Selective Product Portfolio
- Figure 63: QIAGEN N.V.: Selective Product Profile
- Figure 64: QIAGEN N.V.: Overall Financials, 2019-2021
- Figure 65: QIAGEN N.V.: Revenue (by Segment), $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 66: QIAGEN N.V.: Revenue (by Region), $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 67: QIAGEN N.V.: R&D Expenditure, 2019-2021
- Figure 68: Danaher Corporation (IDT): Selective Product Portfolio
- Figure 69: Danaher Corporation (IDT): Overall Financials, $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 70: Danaher Corporation (IDT): Revenue (by Segment), $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 71: Danaher Corporation (IDT): Revenue (by Region), $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 72: Danaher Corporation (IDT), R&D Expenditure, $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 73: TriLink BioTechnologies: Selective Product Portfolio
- Figure 74: Maravai LifeSciences Holdings, Inc.: Overall Financials, $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 75: Maravai LifeSciences Holdings, Inc.: Revenue (by Segment), $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 76: Maravai LifeSciences Holdings, Inc.: Revenue (by Region), $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 77: Maravai LifeSciences Holdings, Inc.: R&D Expenditure, $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 78: Creative Biolabs: Selective Product Portfolio
- Figure 79: PolyOrg, Inc.: Selective Product Portfolio
- Figure 80: Hongene Biotech Corporation: Selective Product Portfolio
- Figure 81: ChemGenes: Selective Product Portfolio
- Figure 82: BOC Sciences: Selective Product Portfolio
- Figure 83: Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.: Selective Product Portfolio
- Figure 84: LGC Science Group Holdings Limited: Selective Product Portfolio
- Figure 85: LGC Science Group Holdings Limited: Overall Financials, $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 86: LGC Science Group Holdings Limited: Revenue (by Region), $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 87: AAT Bioquest, Inc.: Selective Product Portfolio
- Figure 88: Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.: Selective Product Portfolio
- Figure 89: Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.: Overall Financials, 2019-2021
- Figure 90: Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.: Revenue (by Segment), $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 91: Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.: Revenue (by Region), $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 92: Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.: R&D Expenditure, $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 93: Merck KGaA: Selective Product Portfolio
- Figure 94: Merck KGaA: Overall Financials, $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 95: Merck KGaA: Revenue (by Segment), $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 96: Merck KGaA: Revenue (by Region), $Million, 2019-2021
- Figure 97: Merck KGaA: R&D Expenditure, $Million, 2019-2021
- List of Tables
- Table 1: Companies and COVID-19 Impact
- Table 2: Guideline Summary for Phosphoramidites
- Table 3: Decreased Coupling Efficiency with Extending Oligonucleotide Sequence
- Table 4: Key Characteristics of Enzymatic-based and Phosphoramidite Synthesis
- Table 5: Examples of RNA Phosphoramidites
- Table 6: List of Approved Oligonucleotide-Based Therapies, 1998-2020
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