D-dimer Testing Market by Test Type (Laboratory Based, Point Of Care), Technology (Chemiluminescence Immunoassay, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluorescence Immunoassay), Sample Type, Application, End User - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The D-dimer Testing Market was valued at USD 1.56 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 1.65 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 6.23%, reaching USD 2.54 billion by 2032.
Establishing the critical clinical and operational foundations for D-dimer testing across evolving care pathways and diagnostic environments
D-dimer testing occupies a central role in contemporary diagnostic pathways for thrombotic disorders, offering rapid biochemical evidence of fibrin degradation that informs clinical decision making. Clinicians rely on D-dimer results to rule out conditions such as venous thromboembolism and to support differential diagnosis in emergency and inpatient settings. Over the past decade, the modality has evolved from a laboratory-only assay to an array of formats that prioritize speed, accessibility, and analytical performance.
The clinical utility of D-dimer assays is reinforced by their integration into diagnostic algorithms that combine pretest probability assessment with assay outcomes to reduce unnecessary imaging and invasive procedures. As care delivery shifts toward ambulatory and point-of-care models, the role of D-dimer testing expands beyond hospitals to diagnostic centers and ambulatory surgical settings. This evolution demands attention to assay standardization, sample handling practices, and clear guidance for interpretation across diverse clinical contexts. Consequently, stakeholders from device manufacturers to laboratory managers are redefining product design, workflow integration, and quality assurance practices to align with evolving clinical expectations.
How converging technological, regulatory, and clinical practice shifts are accelerating adoption and redefining D-dimer testing delivery models
The last several years have seen a series of transformative changes that are reshaping how D-dimer testing is developed, deployed, and interpreted. Technological progress in assay chemistry and detection modalities has produced higher sensitivity platforms while reducing turnaround times, enabling earlier rule-out decisions in acute care. Point-of-care instruments with simplified workflows have made it possible to deliver clinically actionable results at the bedside or in outpatient clinics, altering traditional laboratory-driven pathways.
Concurrently, data interoperability and digital health solutions have begun to change result management and clinical decision support, allowing D-dimer results to be paired with electronic scoring systems and patient records for automated risk stratification. Regulatory landscapes have also adapted, with accelerated review pathways and clearer guidance for near-patient diagnostics promoting broader adoption. Additionally, heightened clinician awareness of thrombotic risks associated with emerging clinical conditions and therapies has increased demand for accessible testing, prompting manufacturers to focus on assay robustness, lot-to-lot consistency, and ease of integration. These converging shifts are fostering an ecosystem in which speed, accuracy, and connectivity are equally valued.
Assessing how tariff-driven cost pressures and supply chain adaptations influence procurement strategies, manufacturing footprints, and service continuity for diagnostics
The imposition of tariffs affecting imported diagnostic consumables and instrumentation can ripple through the D-dimer testing supply chain in several ways. Increased duties on reagents, assay kits, and instrument components tend to raise procurement costs for laboratories and point-of-care providers, encouraging organizations to reassess vendor contracts and to consider alternative sourcing strategies. In response, suppliers may adapt pricing, adjust regional distribution, or prioritize vertically integrated product models that bundle consumables with service agreements to mitigate margin pressure.
Tariff‑driven cost changes often accelerate conversations about supply chain resilience and inventory planning. Clinical laboratories and health systems may increase on‑hand stocks of critical reagents, diversify supplier relationships, or seek domestically manufactured alternatives where feasible. These adaptations can improve short‑term availability but also create pressure on working capital and storage logistics. At the same time, manufacturers and distributors may accelerate localization of certain production steps, expand regional warehousing, or renegotiate manufacturing footprints to reduce exposure to cross‑border duties. From a procurement perspective, payers and health systems will likely demand clearer total cost of ownership analyses that incorporate tariff‑related volatility, prompting closer collaboration between clinical, supply chain, and finance stakeholders to preserve continuity of care.
Distinct segmentation lenses reveal how test formats, detection chemistries, specimen requirements, care settings, and clinical applications shape product positioning and adoption
Understanding performance and adoption patterns requires careful attention to how testing options are segmented across clinical and operational dimensions. When tests are grouped by Test Type, the distinction between Laboratory Based and Point Of Care formats clarifies divergent user needs: laboratory platforms prioritize throughput and analytic sensitivity, while point-of-care devices emphasize rapid turnaround and simplified operation for decentralized settings. When categorized by Technology, variations such as Chemiluminescence Immunoassay, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluorescence Immunoassay, and Latex Agglutination map directly to differences in analytical characteristics, instrument dependence, and reagent complexity.
Sample Type segmentation underscores the practical implications for specimen handling and preanalytic workflows, as plasma, serum, and whole blood each present unique requirements for collection, processing, and result interpretation. End User segmentation highlights the operational contrasts among Ambulatory Surgical Centers, Diagnostic Laboratories, and Hospitals, with each setting balancing distinct priorities around throughput, space, certification, and clinician interaction. Finally, Application segmentation focusing on conditions such as Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Stroke, and Venous Thromboembolism signals differing clinical performance expectations and decision thresholds. Integrating these segmentation lenses provides a nuanced view of product positioning, adoption drivers, and unmet needs across clinical pathways.
Geographic nuances in clinical practice, regulatory frameworks, and procurement systems determine adoption pathways and strategic priorities across global regions
Regional dynamics exert a strong influence on how diagnostic strategies evolve and how stakeholders prioritize investments. In the Americas, clinical networks and large hospital systems drive demand for integrated diagnostic solutions that can scale across multiple sites while supporting standardized protocols; this environment favors platforms that combine high throughput with robust quality systems and extensive service networks. In contrast, the Europe, Middle East & Africa region presents a mosaic of regulatory regimes and infrastructure maturity, where harmonization initiatives, reimbursement practices, and local manufacturing capabilities create differentiated adoption pathways and emphasize cost‑effective, reliable assays that can be deployed in diverse settings.
The Asia-Pacific region is characterized by a mix of advanced metropolitan centers and rapidly developing healthcare markets, prompting manufacturers to offer modular solutions that suit both high-volume tertiary hospitals and decentralized clinics. Across regions, variations in clinician practice patterns, diagnostic imaging access, and public health priorities affect how D-dimer testing is integrated into care algorithms. Moreover, regional procurement mechanisms and public tenders often influence supplier selection, while local reimbursement and regulatory clarity shape the pace and scope of adoption. Appreciating these geographical nuances is essential for designing market entry strategies and tailoring value propositions to regional stakeholders.
How manufacturers and service providers are differentiating through assay performance, connectivity, partnerships, and supply chain agility to secure clinical trust
Competitive dynamics among diagnostic manufacturers and service providers are increasingly focused on differentiation through performance, workflow integration, and post‑market support. Product portfolios that emphasize assay sensitivity and specificity while minimizing preanalytic complexity gain traction in clinical environments that require rapid, decisive answers. Companies that invest in connectivity and interoperability-seamless integration with laboratory information systems and electronic health records-enhance the clinical utility of results and establish stronger relationships with health system partners.
Strategic partnerships between instrument vendors and reagent suppliers, along with channel expansion strategies that strengthen distribution and local service capabilities, are common approaches to extending market reach. Providers that can offer bundled solutions, including calibration, quality control materials, and training, reduce total implementation friction for customers. Additionally, companies that pursue collaborative clinical validation studies with leading care centers generate real‑world evidence that supports adoption in specific applications such as stroke care pathways or perioperative risk management. Intellectual property around novel assay chemistries and simplified cartridge formats also shapes competitive advantages, while agility in manufacturing and supply chain responsiveness determines the ability to meet fluctuating clinical demand.
Actionable strategic priorities for manufacturers, laboratories, and health systems to optimize performance, integration, and resilience in D-dimer testing
Industry leaders should pursue a multifaceted strategy that addresses clinical, operational, and commercial imperatives. First, prioritize investments in assay robustness and user-centered design that reduce preanalytic variability and support confident clinical interpretation across decentralised settings. Second, strengthen interoperability capabilities so that D-dimer results are actionable within electronic workflows and linked to clinical decision support systems that guide downstream imaging and treatment choices. These steps will amplify clinical impact while reducing unnecessary resource utilization.
On the commercial side, firms should cultivate flexible pricing and contracting models that reflect total cost of ownership and align incentives with health system outcomes, while developing localized service footprints to ensure rapid support and minimize downtime. For laboratories and health systems, implementatory recommendations include refining specimen handling protocols, conducting clinician education programs on appropriate test utilization, and establishing cross-functional governance to monitor test performance and utilization. Finally, all stakeholders should develop contingency plans that address reagent supply shocks and tariff-driven cost changes, including diversified sourcing strategies and collaborative inventory management arrangements with suppliers.
A rigorous multi-method research approach combining expert interviews, literature synthesis, technical validation, and scenario analysis to ensure credible insights
The research synthesis underpinning this report relies on a transparent, multi‑method approach designed to ensure robust, triangulated findings. Primary inputs included structured interviews with clinical laboratory directors, pathology specialists, procurement officers, and point‑of‑care coordinators to capture frontline experiences and unmet needs. These qualitative insights were complemented by a comprehensive review of peer‑reviewed literature, regulatory guidance documents, and publicly available clinical practice guidelines to anchor technical and clinical assertions in contemporary evidence.
Analytical steps included comparative assay method reviews, assessment of workflow and implementation case studies, and evaluation of supply chain and procurement scenarios through scenario analysis. Data validation was achieved by cross‑referencing manufacturer technical specifications, clinical validation studies, and expert feedback to reconcile discrepancies. Finally, segmentation frameworks were applied iteratively to ensure that insights addressed the diverse operational realities of laboratories, ambulatory centers, and hospital systems, producing actionable intelligence relevant to stakeholders across the diagnostic ecosystem.
Synthesis of clinical, operational, and supply chain imperatives that will determine the sustainable clinical impact of D-dimer testing in evolving healthcare systems
D-dimer testing stands at an inflection point where technical progress, shifting care delivery models, and supply chain realities converge to create both opportunities and operational challenges. The maturation of rapid, high-performance assays and the expansion of point-of-care capabilities enable more timely clinical decisions, while advances in interoperability and clinical decision support enhance the value of individual results. At the same time, tariff-related cost pressures and complex regional dynamics reinforce the importance of supply chain resilience, local service presence, and flexible procurement strategies.
Looking forward, stakeholders that combine product excellence with seamless integration and adaptive commercial models are best positioned to meet clinician expectations and sustain adoption. Laboratories and health systems that implement governance around appropriate utilization and specimen management will protect diagnostic integrity and patient outcomes. In sum, coordinated action across manufacturers, distributors, clinicians, and procurement teams is essential to translate technical capabilities into reliable clinical impact and to preserve continuity of care across varying operational contexts.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Establishing the critical clinical and operational foundations for D-dimer testing across evolving care pathways and diagnostic environments
D-dimer testing occupies a central role in contemporary diagnostic pathways for thrombotic disorders, offering rapid biochemical evidence of fibrin degradation that informs clinical decision making. Clinicians rely on D-dimer results to rule out conditions such as venous thromboembolism and to support differential diagnosis in emergency and inpatient settings. Over the past decade, the modality has evolved from a laboratory-only assay to an array of formats that prioritize speed, accessibility, and analytical performance.
The clinical utility of D-dimer assays is reinforced by their integration into diagnostic algorithms that combine pretest probability assessment with assay outcomes to reduce unnecessary imaging and invasive procedures. As care delivery shifts toward ambulatory and point-of-care models, the role of D-dimer testing expands beyond hospitals to diagnostic centers and ambulatory surgical settings. This evolution demands attention to assay standardization, sample handling practices, and clear guidance for interpretation across diverse clinical contexts. Consequently, stakeholders from device manufacturers to laboratory managers are redefining product design, workflow integration, and quality assurance practices to align with evolving clinical expectations.
How converging technological, regulatory, and clinical practice shifts are accelerating adoption and redefining D-dimer testing delivery models
The last several years have seen a series of transformative changes that are reshaping how D-dimer testing is developed, deployed, and interpreted. Technological progress in assay chemistry and detection modalities has produced higher sensitivity platforms while reducing turnaround times, enabling earlier rule-out decisions in acute care. Point-of-care instruments with simplified workflows have made it possible to deliver clinically actionable results at the bedside or in outpatient clinics, altering traditional laboratory-driven pathways.
Concurrently, data interoperability and digital health solutions have begun to change result management and clinical decision support, allowing D-dimer results to be paired with electronic scoring systems and patient records for automated risk stratification. Regulatory landscapes have also adapted, with accelerated review pathways and clearer guidance for near-patient diagnostics promoting broader adoption. Additionally, heightened clinician awareness of thrombotic risks associated with emerging clinical conditions and therapies has increased demand for accessible testing, prompting manufacturers to focus on assay robustness, lot-to-lot consistency, and ease of integration. These converging shifts are fostering an ecosystem in which speed, accuracy, and connectivity are equally valued.
Assessing how tariff-driven cost pressures and supply chain adaptations influence procurement strategies, manufacturing footprints, and service continuity for diagnostics
The imposition of tariffs affecting imported diagnostic consumables and instrumentation can ripple through the D-dimer testing supply chain in several ways. Increased duties on reagents, assay kits, and instrument components tend to raise procurement costs for laboratories and point-of-care providers, encouraging organizations to reassess vendor contracts and to consider alternative sourcing strategies. In response, suppliers may adapt pricing, adjust regional distribution, or prioritize vertically integrated product models that bundle consumables with service agreements to mitigate margin pressure.
Tariff‑driven cost changes often accelerate conversations about supply chain resilience and inventory planning. Clinical laboratories and health systems may increase on‑hand stocks of critical reagents, diversify supplier relationships, or seek domestically manufactured alternatives where feasible. These adaptations can improve short‑term availability but also create pressure on working capital and storage logistics. At the same time, manufacturers and distributors may accelerate localization of certain production steps, expand regional warehousing, or renegotiate manufacturing footprints to reduce exposure to cross‑border duties. From a procurement perspective, payers and health systems will likely demand clearer total cost of ownership analyses that incorporate tariff‑related volatility, prompting closer collaboration between clinical, supply chain, and finance stakeholders to preserve continuity of care.
Distinct segmentation lenses reveal how test formats, detection chemistries, specimen requirements, care settings, and clinical applications shape product positioning and adoption
Understanding performance and adoption patterns requires careful attention to how testing options are segmented across clinical and operational dimensions. When tests are grouped by Test Type, the distinction between Laboratory Based and Point Of Care formats clarifies divergent user needs: laboratory platforms prioritize throughput and analytic sensitivity, while point-of-care devices emphasize rapid turnaround and simplified operation for decentralized settings. When categorized by Technology, variations such as Chemiluminescence Immunoassay, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluorescence Immunoassay, and Latex Agglutination map directly to differences in analytical characteristics, instrument dependence, and reagent complexity.
Sample Type segmentation underscores the practical implications for specimen handling and preanalytic workflows, as plasma, serum, and whole blood each present unique requirements for collection, processing, and result interpretation. End User segmentation highlights the operational contrasts among Ambulatory Surgical Centers, Diagnostic Laboratories, and Hospitals, with each setting balancing distinct priorities around throughput, space, certification, and clinician interaction. Finally, Application segmentation focusing on conditions such as Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Stroke, and Venous Thromboembolism signals differing clinical performance expectations and decision thresholds. Integrating these segmentation lenses provides a nuanced view of product positioning, adoption drivers, and unmet needs across clinical pathways.
Geographic nuances in clinical practice, regulatory frameworks, and procurement systems determine adoption pathways and strategic priorities across global regions
Regional dynamics exert a strong influence on how diagnostic strategies evolve and how stakeholders prioritize investments. In the Americas, clinical networks and large hospital systems drive demand for integrated diagnostic solutions that can scale across multiple sites while supporting standardized protocols; this environment favors platforms that combine high throughput with robust quality systems and extensive service networks. In contrast, the Europe, Middle East & Africa region presents a mosaic of regulatory regimes and infrastructure maturity, where harmonization initiatives, reimbursement practices, and local manufacturing capabilities create differentiated adoption pathways and emphasize cost‑effective, reliable assays that can be deployed in diverse settings.
The Asia-Pacific region is characterized by a mix of advanced metropolitan centers and rapidly developing healthcare markets, prompting manufacturers to offer modular solutions that suit both high-volume tertiary hospitals and decentralized clinics. Across regions, variations in clinician practice patterns, diagnostic imaging access, and public health priorities affect how D-dimer testing is integrated into care algorithms. Moreover, regional procurement mechanisms and public tenders often influence supplier selection, while local reimbursement and regulatory clarity shape the pace and scope of adoption. Appreciating these geographical nuances is essential for designing market entry strategies and tailoring value propositions to regional stakeholders.
How manufacturers and service providers are differentiating through assay performance, connectivity, partnerships, and supply chain agility to secure clinical trust
Competitive dynamics among diagnostic manufacturers and service providers are increasingly focused on differentiation through performance, workflow integration, and post‑market support. Product portfolios that emphasize assay sensitivity and specificity while minimizing preanalytic complexity gain traction in clinical environments that require rapid, decisive answers. Companies that invest in connectivity and interoperability-seamless integration with laboratory information systems and electronic health records-enhance the clinical utility of results and establish stronger relationships with health system partners.
Strategic partnerships between instrument vendors and reagent suppliers, along with channel expansion strategies that strengthen distribution and local service capabilities, are common approaches to extending market reach. Providers that can offer bundled solutions, including calibration, quality control materials, and training, reduce total implementation friction for customers. Additionally, companies that pursue collaborative clinical validation studies with leading care centers generate real‑world evidence that supports adoption in specific applications such as stroke care pathways or perioperative risk management. Intellectual property around novel assay chemistries and simplified cartridge formats also shapes competitive advantages, while agility in manufacturing and supply chain responsiveness determines the ability to meet fluctuating clinical demand.
Actionable strategic priorities for manufacturers, laboratories, and health systems to optimize performance, integration, and resilience in D-dimer testing
Industry leaders should pursue a multifaceted strategy that addresses clinical, operational, and commercial imperatives. First, prioritize investments in assay robustness and user-centered design that reduce preanalytic variability and support confident clinical interpretation across decentralised settings. Second, strengthen interoperability capabilities so that D-dimer results are actionable within electronic workflows and linked to clinical decision support systems that guide downstream imaging and treatment choices. These steps will amplify clinical impact while reducing unnecessary resource utilization.
On the commercial side, firms should cultivate flexible pricing and contracting models that reflect total cost of ownership and align incentives with health system outcomes, while developing localized service footprints to ensure rapid support and minimize downtime. For laboratories and health systems, implementatory recommendations include refining specimen handling protocols, conducting clinician education programs on appropriate test utilization, and establishing cross-functional governance to monitor test performance and utilization. Finally, all stakeholders should develop contingency plans that address reagent supply shocks and tariff-driven cost changes, including diversified sourcing strategies and collaborative inventory management arrangements with suppliers.
A rigorous multi-method research approach combining expert interviews, literature synthesis, technical validation, and scenario analysis to ensure credible insights
The research synthesis underpinning this report relies on a transparent, multi‑method approach designed to ensure robust, triangulated findings. Primary inputs included structured interviews with clinical laboratory directors, pathology specialists, procurement officers, and point‑of‑care coordinators to capture frontline experiences and unmet needs. These qualitative insights were complemented by a comprehensive review of peer‑reviewed literature, regulatory guidance documents, and publicly available clinical practice guidelines to anchor technical and clinical assertions in contemporary evidence.
Analytical steps included comparative assay method reviews, assessment of workflow and implementation case studies, and evaluation of supply chain and procurement scenarios through scenario analysis. Data validation was achieved by cross‑referencing manufacturer technical specifications, clinical validation studies, and expert feedback to reconcile discrepancies. Finally, segmentation frameworks were applied iteratively to ensure that insights addressed the diverse operational realities of laboratories, ambulatory centers, and hospital systems, producing actionable intelligence relevant to stakeholders across the diagnostic ecosystem.
Synthesis of clinical, operational, and supply chain imperatives that will determine the sustainable clinical impact of D-dimer testing in evolving healthcare systems
D-dimer testing stands at an inflection point where technical progress, shifting care delivery models, and supply chain realities converge to create both opportunities and operational challenges. The maturation of rapid, high-performance assays and the expansion of point-of-care capabilities enable more timely clinical decisions, while advances in interoperability and clinical decision support enhance the value of individual results. At the same time, tariff-related cost pressures and complex regional dynamics reinforce the importance of supply chain resilience, local service presence, and flexible procurement strategies.
Looking forward, stakeholders that combine product excellence with seamless integration and adaptive commercial models are best positioned to meet clinician expectations and sustain adoption. Laboratories and health systems that implement governance around appropriate utilization and specimen management will protect diagnostic integrity and patient outcomes. In sum, coordinated action across manufacturers, distributors, clinicians, and procurement teams is essential to translate technical capabilities into reliable clinical impact and to preserve continuity of care across varying operational contexts.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
182 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Development of point-of-care D-dimer assays integrating smartphone connectivity for rapid triage in emergency settings
- 5.2. Emergence of high-sensitivity D-dimer reagents utilizing nanotechnology for improved negative predictive value in VTE diagnosis
- 5.3. Growth of direct-to-consumer D-dimer home sampling kits supported by telehealth platforms for remote thrombosis monitoring
- 5.4. Adoption of AI-driven algorithms combining D-dimer levels with patient history for personalized risk stratification in COVID-19 patients
- 5.5. Rising demand for multiplex assays combining D-dimer with fibrinogen degradation products for comprehensive coagulation profiling
- 5.6. Expansion of D-dimer testing in surgical settings for early detection of postoperative thrombotic complications
- 5.7. Integration of D-dimer testing into point-of-care ultrasound-guided protocols for emergency department pulmonary embolism assessment
- 5.8. Development of lyophilized D-dimer reagents to simplify storage and distribution in resource-limited regions
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. D-dimer Testing Market, by Test Type
- 8.1. Laboratory Based
- 8.2. Point Of Care
- 9. D-dimer Testing Market, by Technology
- 9.1. Chemiluminescence Immunoassay
- 9.2. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- 9.3. Fluorescence Immunoassay
- 9.4. Latex Agglutination
- 10. D-dimer Testing Market, by Sample Type
- 10.1. Plasma
- 10.2. Serum
- 10.3. Whole Blood
- 11. D-dimer Testing Market, by Application
- 11.1. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- 11.2. Stroke
- 11.3. Venous Thromboembolism
- 12. D-dimer Testing Market, by End User
- 12.1. Ambulatory Surgical Centers
- 12.2. Diagnostic Laboratories
- 12.3. Hospitals
- 13. D-dimer Testing Market, by Region
- 13.1. Americas
- 13.1.1. North America
- 13.1.2. Latin America
- 13.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 13.2.1. Europe
- 13.2.2. Middle East
- 13.2.3. Africa
- 13.3. Asia-Pacific
- 14. D-dimer Testing Market, by Group
- 14.1. ASEAN
- 14.2. GCC
- 14.3. European Union
- 14.4. BRICS
- 14.5. G7
- 14.6. NATO
- 15. D-dimer Testing Market, by Country
- 15.1. United States
- 15.2. Canada
- 15.3. Mexico
- 15.4. Brazil
- 15.5. United Kingdom
- 15.6. Germany
- 15.7. France
- 15.8. Russia
- 15.9. Italy
- 15.10. Spain
- 15.11. China
- 15.12. India
- 15.13. Japan
- 15.14. Australia
- 15.15. South Korea
- 16. Competitive Landscape
- 16.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 16.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 16.3. Competitive Analysis
- 16.3.1. Siemens Healthineers AG
- 16.3.2. Roche Diagnostics GmbH
- 16.3.3. Sysmex Corporation
- 16.3.4. Abbott Laboratories
- 16.3.5. bioMérieux SA
- 16.3.6. Beckman Coulter, Inc.
- 16.3.7. Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
- 16.3.8. Instrumentation Laboratory Company
- 16.3.9. DiaSorin S.p.A
- 16.3.10. Ortho Clinical Diagnostics Inc.
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