Wearable Payment Device Market by Device Type (Clothing, Ring, Smart Earwear), Payment Technology (EMV, MST, NFC), End User, Distribution Channel - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Wearable Payment Device Market was valued at USD 59.90 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 68.93 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 15.18%, reaching USD 185.61 billion by 2032.
An accessible orientation to wearable payment devices that explains their core technologies, adoption drivers, security tradeoffs, and relevance for commerce and user experience
Wearable payment devices are an emergent intersection of consumer electronics, payments infrastructure, and personal fashion, enabling transactions through items worn on the body rather than carried in pockets or purses. These devices combine embedded secure elements, near-field communication and other contactless technologies with biometric sensors, low-power connectivity and compact form factors to deliver seamless, hands-free payments in a growing variety of consumer and commercial settings.
Adoption is driven by a mix of convenience-seeking consumers, merchants pursuing frictionless checkout experiences, and financial institutions looking to deepen engagement through new payment endpoints. Regulatory interest in data security and payment authentication is rising in parallel with consumer expectations for privacy-preserving convenience. As a result, vendors must balance hardware design, cryptographic security, and user experience while navigating certification regimes and merchant acceptance networks. Over time this balance will dictate which device types and payment technologies become dominant in everyday commerce.
How the evolution from card-first commerce to device-native payments is reshaping partnerships, security models, and consumer expectations across the retail ecosystem
The payments landscape has shifted from a card-centric paradigm to an ecosystem in which devices on the body act as primary transaction endpoints, and this transition is reshaping merchant interactions and consumer expectations. Contactless payments moved from a niche convenience feature to a standard expectation in stores, and wearables are now accelerating that trajectory by embedding payment capabilities directly into items people already wear, enabling truly hands-free, immediate authorization.
Simultaneously, the underlying technology stack has matured: tokenization, hardware-backed secure elements, and host card emulation approaches enable mobile and wearable devices to act as trusted payment sources without exposing raw credentials. Retailers and payment networks increasingly prioritize the interoperability of payment rails, while biometric authentication and privacy-preserving design patterns reduce friction and fraud risk. These shifts have also encouraged new partnerships across the device OEM, carrier, issuer, and merchant landscapes, fostering multi-stakeholder platforms that can drive faster adoption when aligned on certification, user experience, and incentives.
Understanding how changes in tariffs on electronics and components can alter sourcing strategies, device economics, certification timelines, and go-to-market priorities in wearable payments
Trade policy, including tariff actions on electronics and components, can materially affect the cost base and sourcing strategies of wearable payment device manufacturers. Tariffs that target semiconductors, printed circuit assemblies, sensors, or finished consumer electronics create a cascade of operational effects: procurement teams reassess supplier portfolios, engineering groups revisit bill of materials trade-offs, and commercial teams evaluate price positioning to preserve unit economics without degrading customer value.
In anticipation of tariff volatility, many vendors are diversifying manufacturing footprints and accelerating design-for-sourcing strategies to reduce exposure. Nearshoring and factory diversification strategies help maintain lead times and reduce tariff pass-through but may require incremental capital and certification cycles. Moreover, certification and compliance processes for payment devices can be lengthened when supply chain shifts introduce new component sources, which in turn affects time to market and revenue realization. Financial institutions and merchants may respond to higher device prices by adjusting incentives or adoption programs, shifting the burden of absorption among issuers, vendors, and consumers. Overall, tariffs increase strategic emphasis on supply chain resilience, modular design, and flexible manufacturing, and they compel collaboration between product, procurement, and regulatory teams to sustain innovation while managing costs and compliance timelines.
Deep segmentation-driven insight linking device form factors, payment technologies, end-user needs, and distribution channels to prioritize product roadmaps and commercial models
Device segmentation reveals distinct adoption pathways: clothing-integrated payments embedded in jackets and shirts emphasize discreetness and fashion integration for lifestyle and event contexts, while ring-form factors and smart earwear prioritize minimalism and glanceable interactions for commuters and hospitality use cases. Smart glasses extend payments into augmented experiences where contextual information and visual prompts can authenticate and confirm transactions, and wrist wearables-both smartwatches and wristbands-remain the broadest on-ramp because they combine display, authentication, and a familiar form factor that consumers already accept.
Payment technology segmentation shows that EMV and MST approaches retain relevance where magnetic stripe emulation or chip-based flows are required, but NFC has emerged as the primary enabler for modern contactless interfaces; within NFC, the split between host card emulation and secure element architectures highlights trade-offs between issuer control and device-level security. QR-code driven payments persist where low-cost acceptance or offline interoperability is needed, and the distinction between dynamic and static QR implementations affects fraud controls and reconciliation complexity. End-user segmentation clarifies commercial versus consumer demands: enterprises and small businesses have different integration, reporting and pricing needs compared with individual consumers who prioritize speed and convenience. Distribution channel segmentation drives commercial strategy: direct-to-consumer channels allow vendors to own the customer relationship and iterate on firmware and services, while offline retail footprints such as carrier stores, electronics retailers, and specialty stores deliver hands-on discovery and support; online retail through brand websites and broader e-commerce platforms accelerates reach but requires digital marketing, returns management, and customer education. Taken together, these segmentation lenses inform product roadmaps, partnership models, and channel investments by revealing where design, security, and commerce trade-offs must be balanced to match user expectations and acceptance infrastructure.
Regional dynamics that dictate which wearable payment form factors, authentication methods, and go-to-market models succeed in the Americas, EMEA and Asia-Pacific
Regional dynamics vary significantly, driven by regulatory regimes, payments infrastructure maturity, and consumer acceptance of wearable technology. In the Americas, high contactless card penetration and robust mobile payments ecosystems create fertile ground for wrist wearables and rings, with issuers and merchants often collaborating on incentives and pilot programs to encourage uptake. Consumer demand is influenced by a willingness to trade convenience for incremental cost when value propositions are clear, and partnerships with carriers and retail chains accelerate physical availability and support.
Across Europe, the Middle East and Africa, regulatory divergence and varied acceptance infrastructure mean that deployment strategies must be more localized. Western European markets often emphasize privacy, strong authentication and interoperable standards, favoring solutions with clear security architecture and issuer alignment. In parts of the Middle East and Africa, leapfrogging behaviors and high mobile penetration create opportunities for QR-centric and hybrid solutions where merchants prioritize low-cost acceptance. In the Asia-Pacific region, rapid adoption of mobile-first payments and expansive e-commerce ecosystems favor diverse form factors and experimental pilots; consumers there are frequently early adopters of new device types and payment models, prompting aggressive product iterations and marketing approaches. Navigating these regional distinctions requires harmonized certification plans, flexible payment stacks, and culturally tailored messaging to translate global product capabilities into local commercial success.
How technology providers and commercial players build advantage through hardware design, payment integration, supplier relationships, and service extensions to dominate wearable payments
Competitive dynamics in the wearable payments space are defined by a mixture of hardware incumbents, payments infrastructure providers, chipset and component suppliers, and agile fintech entrants. Hardware vendors derive advantage from industrial design, supply chain relationships and firmware ecosystems that allow ongoing feature updates, whereas payment networks and issuers control credential provisioning, tokenization frameworks and routing relationships that determine interoperability and merchant acceptance. Chipset manufacturers and secure element providers underpin device trustworthiness and certification, and their roadmaps influence which cryptographic standards and features are available to designers.
Successful companies are those that sequence capabilities to manage both hardware and services: they secure long-term supplier relationships to stabilize manufacturing, establish issuer and merchant partnerships to ensure acceptance, and invest in software services that expand the device value proposition beyond payments into loyalty, identity and access. Intellectual property in device authentication, antenna design, and power management can become a differentiation point, as can experience in navigating certification and payment scheme approvals. Collaboration with carriers and retail partners often shortens trial cycles and increases conversion, making channel strategy a key competitive dimension in addition to technical and commercial capabilities.
Practical and tactical recommendations that align product security, diversified sourcing, partnership orchestration, and omnichannel distribution to accelerate wearable payment adoption
Industry leaders should prioritize design decisions that reduce friction while maintaining robust authentication; that means investing in hardware-backed secure elements or equivalent cryptographic protections, and designing user flows that favor quick, intuitive confirmation without compromising fraud controls. Parallel to product design, firms must cultivate issuer and merchant partnerships early, aligning incentives and certification efforts so that device launches coincide with meaningful acceptance coverage rather than isolated pilots.
Operationally, firms should diversify manufacturing and source components from multiple qualified suppliers to mitigate tariff and supply chain shocks, while creating modular product architectures that allow rapid substitution of parts without re-certification wherever possible. Commercial teams must also develop omnichannel distribution strategies that blend direct-to-consumer control with retail partnerships for discovery and after-sales support, and invest in consumer education and merchant onboarding programs to increase acceptance. Finally, governance frameworks for data privacy and security must be established and communicated transparently to build consumer trust and reduce regulatory friction, enabling longer-term expansion into adjacent services such as identity, loyalty and secure access.
A transparent mixed-methods research methodology combining primary stakeholder interviews, device-level technical assessment, and standards and supply chain review to validate findings
The research approach combines primary engagement with ecosystem stakeholders and a structured review of secondary sources to generate actionable insight. Primary activities include interviews with device designers, payment issuers, merchant acquirers, and retail distribution partners to capture firsthand perspectives on adoption barriers, certification challenges, and commercial incentives. Device-level analysis and firmware review provide technical validation of security architectures and payment stacks, while supply chain mapping highlights potential bottlenecks and tariff exposure points.
Secondary research encompasses standards documentation, regulatory filings, and patent landscapes to identify emerging technical patterns and compliance requirements. Synthesis relies on cross-validation between qualitative interview findings and technical assessments to create recommendations that are both operationally realistic and strategically coherent. Throughout the methodology, transparency on assumptions, dates of engagement and respondent profiles is maintained to help readers contextualize conclusions and adapt them to their internal decision frameworks.
Concluding assessment that synthesizes security, partnerships, sourcing, and channel priorities to highlight where leaders must act to shape the future of wearable payments
Wearable payment devices represent a meaningful extension of the payments ecosystem, blending convenience, security and new user experiences that can reshape checkout behaviors across consumer and commercial contexts. Success requires an integrated approach: robust, hardware-rooted security; close issuer and merchant collaboration; diversified supply chains that reduce policy-driven risk; and channel strategies that balance direct ownership of the consumer relationship with the discovery advantages of retail partners.
As the technology and regulatory landscapes evolve, organizations that pair disciplined product engineering with clear commercial incentives and transparent governance will be best positioned to capture long-term value. The choices made today around authentication architecture, supplier diversification, and go-to-market sequencing will determine who shapes the next wave of payments built around the devices people choose to wear every day.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
An accessible orientation to wearable payment devices that explains their core technologies, adoption drivers, security tradeoffs, and relevance for commerce and user experience
Wearable payment devices are an emergent intersection of consumer electronics, payments infrastructure, and personal fashion, enabling transactions through items worn on the body rather than carried in pockets or purses. These devices combine embedded secure elements, near-field communication and other contactless technologies with biometric sensors, low-power connectivity and compact form factors to deliver seamless, hands-free payments in a growing variety of consumer and commercial settings.
Adoption is driven by a mix of convenience-seeking consumers, merchants pursuing frictionless checkout experiences, and financial institutions looking to deepen engagement through new payment endpoints. Regulatory interest in data security and payment authentication is rising in parallel with consumer expectations for privacy-preserving convenience. As a result, vendors must balance hardware design, cryptographic security, and user experience while navigating certification regimes and merchant acceptance networks. Over time this balance will dictate which device types and payment technologies become dominant in everyday commerce.
How the evolution from card-first commerce to device-native payments is reshaping partnerships, security models, and consumer expectations across the retail ecosystem
The payments landscape has shifted from a card-centric paradigm to an ecosystem in which devices on the body act as primary transaction endpoints, and this transition is reshaping merchant interactions and consumer expectations. Contactless payments moved from a niche convenience feature to a standard expectation in stores, and wearables are now accelerating that trajectory by embedding payment capabilities directly into items people already wear, enabling truly hands-free, immediate authorization.
Simultaneously, the underlying technology stack has matured: tokenization, hardware-backed secure elements, and host card emulation approaches enable mobile and wearable devices to act as trusted payment sources without exposing raw credentials. Retailers and payment networks increasingly prioritize the interoperability of payment rails, while biometric authentication and privacy-preserving design patterns reduce friction and fraud risk. These shifts have also encouraged new partnerships across the device OEM, carrier, issuer, and merchant landscapes, fostering multi-stakeholder platforms that can drive faster adoption when aligned on certification, user experience, and incentives.
Understanding how changes in tariffs on electronics and components can alter sourcing strategies, device economics, certification timelines, and go-to-market priorities in wearable payments
Trade policy, including tariff actions on electronics and components, can materially affect the cost base and sourcing strategies of wearable payment device manufacturers. Tariffs that target semiconductors, printed circuit assemblies, sensors, or finished consumer electronics create a cascade of operational effects: procurement teams reassess supplier portfolios, engineering groups revisit bill of materials trade-offs, and commercial teams evaluate price positioning to preserve unit economics without degrading customer value.
In anticipation of tariff volatility, many vendors are diversifying manufacturing footprints and accelerating design-for-sourcing strategies to reduce exposure. Nearshoring and factory diversification strategies help maintain lead times and reduce tariff pass-through but may require incremental capital and certification cycles. Moreover, certification and compliance processes for payment devices can be lengthened when supply chain shifts introduce new component sources, which in turn affects time to market and revenue realization. Financial institutions and merchants may respond to higher device prices by adjusting incentives or adoption programs, shifting the burden of absorption among issuers, vendors, and consumers. Overall, tariffs increase strategic emphasis on supply chain resilience, modular design, and flexible manufacturing, and they compel collaboration between product, procurement, and regulatory teams to sustain innovation while managing costs and compliance timelines.
Deep segmentation-driven insight linking device form factors, payment technologies, end-user needs, and distribution channels to prioritize product roadmaps and commercial models
Device segmentation reveals distinct adoption pathways: clothing-integrated payments embedded in jackets and shirts emphasize discreetness and fashion integration for lifestyle and event contexts, while ring-form factors and smart earwear prioritize minimalism and glanceable interactions for commuters and hospitality use cases. Smart glasses extend payments into augmented experiences where contextual information and visual prompts can authenticate and confirm transactions, and wrist wearables-both smartwatches and wristbands-remain the broadest on-ramp because they combine display, authentication, and a familiar form factor that consumers already accept.
Payment technology segmentation shows that EMV and MST approaches retain relevance where magnetic stripe emulation or chip-based flows are required, but NFC has emerged as the primary enabler for modern contactless interfaces; within NFC, the split between host card emulation and secure element architectures highlights trade-offs between issuer control and device-level security. QR-code driven payments persist where low-cost acceptance or offline interoperability is needed, and the distinction between dynamic and static QR implementations affects fraud controls and reconciliation complexity. End-user segmentation clarifies commercial versus consumer demands: enterprises and small businesses have different integration, reporting and pricing needs compared with individual consumers who prioritize speed and convenience. Distribution channel segmentation drives commercial strategy: direct-to-consumer channels allow vendors to own the customer relationship and iterate on firmware and services, while offline retail footprints such as carrier stores, electronics retailers, and specialty stores deliver hands-on discovery and support; online retail through brand websites and broader e-commerce platforms accelerates reach but requires digital marketing, returns management, and customer education. Taken together, these segmentation lenses inform product roadmaps, partnership models, and channel investments by revealing where design, security, and commerce trade-offs must be balanced to match user expectations and acceptance infrastructure.
Regional dynamics that dictate which wearable payment form factors, authentication methods, and go-to-market models succeed in the Americas, EMEA and Asia-Pacific
Regional dynamics vary significantly, driven by regulatory regimes, payments infrastructure maturity, and consumer acceptance of wearable technology. In the Americas, high contactless card penetration and robust mobile payments ecosystems create fertile ground for wrist wearables and rings, with issuers and merchants often collaborating on incentives and pilot programs to encourage uptake. Consumer demand is influenced by a willingness to trade convenience for incremental cost when value propositions are clear, and partnerships with carriers and retail chains accelerate physical availability and support.
Across Europe, the Middle East and Africa, regulatory divergence and varied acceptance infrastructure mean that deployment strategies must be more localized. Western European markets often emphasize privacy, strong authentication and interoperable standards, favoring solutions with clear security architecture and issuer alignment. In parts of the Middle East and Africa, leapfrogging behaviors and high mobile penetration create opportunities for QR-centric and hybrid solutions where merchants prioritize low-cost acceptance. In the Asia-Pacific region, rapid adoption of mobile-first payments and expansive e-commerce ecosystems favor diverse form factors and experimental pilots; consumers there are frequently early adopters of new device types and payment models, prompting aggressive product iterations and marketing approaches. Navigating these regional distinctions requires harmonized certification plans, flexible payment stacks, and culturally tailored messaging to translate global product capabilities into local commercial success.
How technology providers and commercial players build advantage through hardware design, payment integration, supplier relationships, and service extensions to dominate wearable payments
Competitive dynamics in the wearable payments space are defined by a mixture of hardware incumbents, payments infrastructure providers, chipset and component suppliers, and agile fintech entrants. Hardware vendors derive advantage from industrial design, supply chain relationships and firmware ecosystems that allow ongoing feature updates, whereas payment networks and issuers control credential provisioning, tokenization frameworks and routing relationships that determine interoperability and merchant acceptance. Chipset manufacturers and secure element providers underpin device trustworthiness and certification, and their roadmaps influence which cryptographic standards and features are available to designers.
Successful companies are those that sequence capabilities to manage both hardware and services: they secure long-term supplier relationships to stabilize manufacturing, establish issuer and merchant partnerships to ensure acceptance, and invest in software services that expand the device value proposition beyond payments into loyalty, identity and access. Intellectual property in device authentication, antenna design, and power management can become a differentiation point, as can experience in navigating certification and payment scheme approvals. Collaboration with carriers and retail partners often shortens trial cycles and increases conversion, making channel strategy a key competitive dimension in addition to technical and commercial capabilities.
Practical and tactical recommendations that align product security, diversified sourcing, partnership orchestration, and omnichannel distribution to accelerate wearable payment adoption
Industry leaders should prioritize design decisions that reduce friction while maintaining robust authentication; that means investing in hardware-backed secure elements or equivalent cryptographic protections, and designing user flows that favor quick, intuitive confirmation without compromising fraud controls. Parallel to product design, firms must cultivate issuer and merchant partnerships early, aligning incentives and certification efforts so that device launches coincide with meaningful acceptance coverage rather than isolated pilots.
Operationally, firms should diversify manufacturing and source components from multiple qualified suppliers to mitigate tariff and supply chain shocks, while creating modular product architectures that allow rapid substitution of parts without re-certification wherever possible. Commercial teams must also develop omnichannel distribution strategies that blend direct-to-consumer control with retail partnerships for discovery and after-sales support, and invest in consumer education and merchant onboarding programs to increase acceptance. Finally, governance frameworks for data privacy and security must be established and communicated transparently to build consumer trust and reduce regulatory friction, enabling longer-term expansion into adjacent services such as identity, loyalty and secure access.
A transparent mixed-methods research methodology combining primary stakeholder interviews, device-level technical assessment, and standards and supply chain review to validate findings
The research approach combines primary engagement with ecosystem stakeholders and a structured review of secondary sources to generate actionable insight. Primary activities include interviews with device designers, payment issuers, merchant acquirers, and retail distribution partners to capture firsthand perspectives on adoption barriers, certification challenges, and commercial incentives. Device-level analysis and firmware review provide technical validation of security architectures and payment stacks, while supply chain mapping highlights potential bottlenecks and tariff exposure points.
Secondary research encompasses standards documentation, regulatory filings, and patent landscapes to identify emerging technical patterns and compliance requirements. Synthesis relies on cross-validation between qualitative interview findings and technical assessments to create recommendations that are both operationally realistic and strategically coherent. Throughout the methodology, transparency on assumptions, dates of engagement and respondent profiles is maintained to help readers contextualize conclusions and adapt them to their internal decision frameworks.
Concluding assessment that synthesizes security, partnerships, sourcing, and channel priorities to highlight where leaders must act to shape the future of wearable payments
Wearable payment devices represent a meaningful extension of the payments ecosystem, blending convenience, security and new user experiences that can reshape checkout behaviors across consumer and commercial contexts. Success requires an integrated approach: robust, hardware-rooted security; close issuer and merchant collaboration; diversified supply chains that reduce policy-driven risk; and channel strategies that balance direct ownership of the consumer relationship with the discovery advantages of retail partners.
As the technology and regulatory landscapes evolve, organizations that pair disciplined product engineering with clear commercial incentives and transparent governance will be best positioned to capture long-term value. The choices made today around authentication architecture, supplier diversification, and go-to-market sequencing will determine who shapes the next wave of payments built around the devices people choose to wear every day.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
181 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Integration of biometric authentication methods to enhance transaction security in wearable payment devices
- 5.2. Adoption of NFC and UHF RFID dual connectivity enabling seamless multi-channel payments for wearable devices
- 5.3. Partnership ecosystems between financial institutions and wearable manufacturers to drive payment adoption
- 5.4. Focus on eco-friendly and sustainable materials for wearable payment device manufacturing and packaging
- 5.5. Emergence of multi-currency wallet support within wearable payment accessories for global travelers
- 5.6. Growth of wearable payment adoption in contactless public transportation networks across major urban centers
- 5.7. Integration of health tracking and payment functionality within a single wearable device for lifestyle convenience
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Wearable Payment Device Market, by Device Type
- 8.1. Clothing
- 8.1.1. Jackets
- 8.1.2. Shirts
- 8.2. Ring
- 8.3. Smart Earwear
- 8.4. Smart Glasses
- 8.5. Wrist Wearable
- 8.5.1. Smartwatches
- 8.5.2. Wristbands
- 9. Wearable Payment Device Market, by Payment Technology
- 9.1. EMV
- 9.2. MST
- 9.3. NFC
- 9.3.1. Host Card Emulation
- 9.3.2. Secure Element
- 9.4. QR Code
- 9.4.1. Dynamic QR
- 9.4.2. Static QR
- 10. Wearable Payment Device Market, by End User
- 10.1. Commercial
- 10.1.1. Enterprise
- 10.1.2. Small Business
- 10.2. Consumer
- 11. Wearable Payment Device Market, by Distribution Channel
- 11.1. Direct To Consumer
- 11.2. Offline Retail
- 11.2.1. Carrier Stores
- 11.2.2. Electronics Retailers
- 11.2.3. Specialty Stores
- 11.3. Online Retail
- 11.3.1. Brand Websites
- 11.3.2. E-Commerce Platforms
- 12. Wearable Payment Device Market, by Region
- 12.1. Americas
- 12.1.1. North America
- 12.1.2. Latin America
- 12.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 12.2.1. Europe
- 12.2.2. Middle East
- 12.2.3. Africa
- 12.3. Asia-Pacific
- 13. Wearable Payment Device Market, by Group
- 13.1. ASEAN
- 13.2. GCC
- 13.3. European Union
- 13.4. BRICS
- 13.5. G7
- 13.6. NATO
- 14. Wearable Payment Device Market, by Country
- 14.1. United States
- 14.2. Canada
- 14.3. Mexico
- 14.4. Brazil
- 14.5. United Kingdom
- 14.6. Germany
- 14.7. France
- 14.8. Russia
- 14.9. Italy
- 14.10. Spain
- 14.11. China
- 14.12. India
- 14.13. Japan
- 14.14. Australia
- 14.15. South Korea
- 15. Competitive Landscape
- 15.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 15.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 15.3. Competitive Analysis
- 15.3.1. Apple Inc.
- 15.3.2. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
- 15.3.3. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
- 15.3.4. Xiaomi Corporation
- 15.3.5. Fitbit, Inc.
- 15.3.6. Garmin Ltd.
- 15.3.7. Fossil Group, Inc.
- 15.3.8. OPPO Digital Inc.
- 15.3.9. Huami Corporation
- 15.3.10. Mobvoi Information Technology Company Limited
- 15.3.11. Google LLC
- 15.3.12. Sony Corporation
- 15.3.13. Oura Health Oy
- 15.3.14. McLEAR Ltd.
- 15.3.15. Visa Inc.
- 15.3.16. Mastercard Inc.
- 15.3.17. PayPal Holdings Inc.
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