Veterinary Services Market by Animal Type (Cats, Dogs, Equine), Service Type (Dental Services, Diagnostic Imaging, Emergency And Critical Care), Practice Setting, Client Type - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Veterinary Practice Management Software Market was valued at USD 617.84 million in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 663.38 million in 2025, with a CAGR of 9.06%, reaching USD 1,237.37 million by 2032.
A concise orientation to the evolving veterinary software environment that frames the strategic priorities and operational challenges facing clinical and administrative leaders
The veterinary practice management software landscape is evolving rapidly as technological maturity intersects with rising expectations for clinical efficiency and client experience. This executive summary distills key shifts, segmentation nuances, regional dynamics, corporate strategies, and practical recommendations that will equip leaders across veterinary practices, vendor organizations, and technology integrators to navigate a complex operating environment. The following analysis synthesizes qualitative and quantitative inputs to present a coherent narrative on where opportunities and risks are concentrating, and how stakeholders can respond proactively.
Readers will find a clear exposition of structural changes that are reshaping clinical workflows, administrative processes, and client engagement models. The narrative emphasizes interoperability, data governance, and outcome-driven features as core drivers of adoption. It also highlights how practice size and type, animal categories served, and deployment preferences increasingly determine the value proposition for different buyer segments. This introduction sets the stage for deeper dives into regulatory impacts, supply chain influences, competitive moves, and region-specific dynamics that follow.
How rapid digitalization, interoperability demands, and practice consolidation are redefining clinical workflows, vendor differentiation, and purchasing priorities across the sector
The landscape for veterinary practice management software is being transformed by a convergence of digital-first clinical models, heightened client expectations, and shifting commercial structures. Cloud-native platforms and hybrid delivery models are accelerating adoption by enabling distributed access, seamless updates, and modular feature deployment. At the same time, advances in telemedicine, remote monitoring, and integrated diagnostic imaging are altering clinical workflows and expanding the practice touchpoints with pet owners and animal caretakers.
Transitioning from monolithic on-premise systems to interoperable platforms requires change management at the practice level and a renewed focus on data portability and security. Corporate consolidation and franchising trends are driving demand for centralized reporting, multi-entity management, and standardized protocols across networks. Simultaneously, smaller independent practices are seeking differentiated service layers such as integrated telehealth and patient communication tools to maintain competitive relevance. These transformative shifts are redefining vendor differentiation and pushing purchasers to prioritize long-term extensibility and vendor responsiveness.
Assessing the broad operational and procurement consequences of tariff shifts on hardware-dependent integrations, vendor pricing strategies, and practice procurement timing
The cumulative impact of tariff policy changes originating from the United States has created a cascade of operational and procurement considerations for software providers and veterinary practices. Increased duties on imported hardware components and diagnostic equipment have raised the landed cost of essential clinic devices, prompting some buyers to defer capital purchases or seek alternative suppliers. This has had knock-on effects for vendors that bundle hardware with software solutions, compelling them to reconsider pricing strategies, warranty terms, and support models in order to preserve value propositions without compromising margin integrity.
Beyond hardware, tariffs and related trade frictions influence vendor supply chains for peripherals and specialized instruments that integrate with practice management platforms. Vendors have responded by diversifying component sourcing, adjusting inventory strategies, and strengthening regional partnerships to reduce exposure. Practices are also re-evaluating procurement timing and total cost of ownership assumptions, placing greater emphasis on software modularity and SaaS subscription models that decouple capital-intensive upgrades from core clinical operations. These dynamics underscore the need for transparent procurement dialogues between vendors and practice clients and for scenario planning that accounts for shifting tariff regimes and supply chain volatility.
A comprehensive segmentation framework that clarifies buyer needs across deployment choices, functional modules, animal specialties, practice models, and organization scale
Effective segmentation illuminates demand drivers and informs product strategy across deployment, application, animal type, practice typology, and organizational scale. Deployment preferences split between cloud and on-premise delivery, with cloud options further differentiated by hybrid cloud, private cloud, and public cloud configurations that balance control, scalability, and cost predictability. Buyers selecting cloud models emphasize continuous updates and reduced internal IT burden, while on-premise adopters prioritize local control and data residency.
Application-level segmentation highlights a spectrum of functionality that ranges from appointment scheduling capabilities such as automated reminders, calendar integration, and online booking, to billing and invoicing modules that handle claims management and payment processing. Clinical operations hinge on electronic medical records enriched by diagnostic imaging integration, patient records management, and workflow automation, while inventory management solutions focus on drugs and pharmaceuticals tracking as well as supplies tracking. Patient communication features drive client engagement via email notifications, in-app messaging, and SMS notifications. Telemedicine components provide remote monitoring and video consultations that extend care beyond the clinic. Animal type remains a fundamental axis, with practices serving equine clients alongside breeds like Arabian, Quarter Horse, and Thoroughbred; large animal operations addressing cattle, sheep, and swine; mixed animal practices combining cats, dogs, and livestock; and small animal clinics focused primarily on cats and dogs. Practice type differentiates corporate and franchise models from independent operations, where corporate structures include multi-entity and single-entity configurations, and franchise models comprise multi-unit and single-unit franchises. Organizational size further modulates buyer needs, with large practices defined by more than fifteen veterinarians, medium practices by five to fifteen veterinarians, and small practices by fewer than five veterinarians. Understanding how these segmentation layers intersect is essential for tailoring product roadmaps, pricing, implementation services, and support models to real-world buyer requirements.
Regional adoption patterns, regulatory nuances, and partnership imperatives that determine the trajectory of platform uptake across Americas, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific markets
Regional dynamics materially influence technology adoption patterns, regulatory priorities, and partnership strategies across the veterinary software ecosystem. The Americas exhibit a strong proclivity for cloud-based deployments and integrated telemedicine, supported by a mature payments infrastructure and high client demand for digital engagement. In contrast, parts of Europe, Middle East & Africa demonstrate a heterogeneous mix of adoption rates driven by diverse regulatory environments, language localization needs, and variable clinic scale; data protection and cross-border data transfer considerations are particularly salient in many jurisdictions within this region.
Asia-Pacific markets present a blend of rapid digital adoption in metropolitan centers and more incremental uptake in rural and remote areas, creating opportunities for modular solutions that scale by feature set and cost. Vendor strategies that emphasize local partnerships, language support, and flexible deployment options tend to perform best across the region. Across all geographies, differences in practice organization, reimbursement mechanisms, and animal demographics shape buyer preferences, making it critical for vendors to tailor marketing, product configuration, and post-sales support to each regional context.
How platform incumbents, specialized entrants, and partnership-driven strategies are shaping differentiation, retention, and expansion across the competitive landscape
Competitive dynamics in the space are characterized by a mix of platform incumbents, specialized point-solution providers, and emerging entrants that bring new capabilities such as enhanced imaging integration, AI-assisted diagnostics, and deep client engagement tools. Leading vendors are differentiating through open APIs, partnerships with diagnostic equipment manufacturers, and investments in security and compliance capabilities. Service models are evolving from pure software licensing to outcomes-focused offerings that combine implementation, training, and managed services.
Strategic priorities among successful companies include improving interoperability with third-party systems, expanding telemedicine feature sets, and delivering analytics that translate clinical and business data into actionable operational insights. Companies that invest in robust customer success organizations and scalable support infrastructure report stronger retention and deeper footprint expansion within multi-site groups. At the same time, niche players focus on vertical specialization-such as equine or large animal workflows-to capture high-value clinical segments where domain-specific features drive differentiation. Partnerships, selective integrations, and a focus on predictable total cost of ownership are shaping competitive positioning across the ecosystem.
Actionable strategic priorities and operational tactics that will help vendors and practice leaders accelerate adoption, drive retention, and strengthen long-term value delivery
Industry leaders should prioritize an integrated approach that balances product innovation with practical implementation and long-term customer value creation. First, design modular architectures that allow customers to adopt core clinical and administrative capabilities first and add advanced features such as telemedicine or diagnostic imaging integration as needs evolve. This reduces friction during procurement and lowers adoption barriers for smaller practices while offering scale pathways for larger groups.
Second, invest in data portability, standardized APIs, and interoperability frameworks to facilitate integrations with diagnostic devices, laboratory systems, and third-party analytics platforms. Third, build flexible commercial models that align vendor incentives with practice outcomes, incorporating subscription tiers, support packages, and optional managed services. Fourth, strengthen regional go-to-market approaches by partnering with local service providers, tailoring language localization, and ensuring compliance with region-specific regulations. Finally, enhance client success functions with structured onboarding, continuous training programs, and performance analytics to drive meaningful adoption and measurable operational improvements.
A rigorous evidence-based methodology combining primary interviews, structured surveys, vendor engagement, and triangulated secondary sources to validate conclusions
The research underpinning this executive summary synthesizes multiple streams of evidence to ensure robust and defensible conclusions. Primary research included in-depth interviews with practicing veterinarians, practice managers, and IT leaders across corporate, franchise, and independent settings, alongside structured surveys designed to capture adoption drivers, pain points, and feature priorities. Vendor interactions provided insights into product roadmaps, partnership strategies, and deployment trends, while technology partners shared perspectives on integration challenges and hardware dependencies.
Secondary research complemented primary inputs through targeted review of regulatory guidance, industry standards, and peer-reviewed literature on digital health and telemedicine best practices. Data triangulation methodologies were applied to reconcile differing perspectives, validate hypotheses, and identify consistent patterns. Quality assurance processes included cross-validation of interview themes, iterative synthesis workshops with subject matter experts, and review cycles to ensure clarity, contextual accuracy, and practical relevance for decision-makers.
A decisive summary highlighting the strategic imperatives for achieving clinical efficiency, secure interoperability, and scalable client engagement across diverse practice models
In sum, veterinary practice management software is at an inflection point where technological capabilities, client expectations, and organizational structures are converging to redefine clinical operations. Platforms that emphasize interoperability, modularity, and client engagement while offering robust security and regional compliance will be best positioned to serve a diverse set of customers ranging from small independent clinics to large multi-entity networks. Practice leaders stand to benefit from prioritizing solutions that reduce administrative burden, enhance clinical workflows, and maintain flexibility to scale services across animal types and care settings.
As competition intensifies, vendors must balance innovation with dependable service delivery and clear value articulation. The combination of targeted segmentation, regionally sensitive approaches, and disciplined product roadmaps will enable stakeholders to capture value and support better patient outcomes. The actions recommended here are intended to help executives and operational leaders make informed choices that pragmatically advance both clinical excellence and business resilience.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
A concise orientation to the evolving veterinary software environment that frames the strategic priorities and operational challenges facing clinical and administrative leaders
The veterinary practice management software landscape is evolving rapidly as technological maturity intersects with rising expectations for clinical efficiency and client experience. This executive summary distills key shifts, segmentation nuances, regional dynamics, corporate strategies, and practical recommendations that will equip leaders across veterinary practices, vendor organizations, and technology integrators to navigate a complex operating environment. The following analysis synthesizes qualitative and quantitative inputs to present a coherent narrative on where opportunities and risks are concentrating, and how stakeholders can respond proactively.
Readers will find a clear exposition of structural changes that are reshaping clinical workflows, administrative processes, and client engagement models. The narrative emphasizes interoperability, data governance, and outcome-driven features as core drivers of adoption. It also highlights how practice size and type, animal categories served, and deployment preferences increasingly determine the value proposition for different buyer segments. This introduction sets the stage for deeper dives into regulatory impacts, supply chain influences, competitive moves, and region-specific dynamics that follow.
How rapid digitalization, interoperability demands, and practice consolidation are redefining clinical workflows, vendor differentiation, and purchasing priorities across the sector
The landscape for veterinary practice management software is being transformed by a convergence of digital-first clinical models, heightened client expectations, and shifting commercial structures. Cloud-native platforms and hybrid delivery models are accelerating adoption by enabling distributed access, seamless updates, and modular feature deployment. At the same time, advances in telemedicine, remote monitoring, and integrated diagnostic imaging are altering clinical workflows and expanding the practice touchpoints with pet owners and animal caretakers.
Transitioning from monolithic on-premise systems to interoperable platforms requires change management at the practice level and a renewed focus on data portability and security. Corporate consolidation and franchising trends are driving demand for centralized reporting, multi-entity management, and standardized protocols across networks. Simultaneously, smaller independent practices are seeking differentiated service layers such as integrated telehealth and patient communication tools to maintain competitive relevance. These transformative shifts are redefining vendor differentiation and pushing purchasers to prioritize long-term extensibility and vendor responsiveness.
Assessing the broad operational and procurement consequences of tariff shifts on hardware-dependent integrations, vendor pricing strategies, and practice procurement timing
The cumulative impact of tariff policy changes originating from the United States has created a cascade of operational and procurement considerations for software providers and veterinary practices. Increased duties on imported hardware components and diagnostic equipment have raised the landed cost of essential clinic devices, prompting some buyers to defer capital purchases or seek alternative suppliers. This has had knock-on effects for vendors that bundle hardware with software solutions, compelling them to reconsider pricing strategies, warranty terms, and support models in order to preserve value propositions without compromising margin integrity.
Beyond hardware, tariffs and related trade frictions influence vendor supply chains for peripherals and specialized instruments that integrate with practice management platforms. Vendors have responded by diversifying component sourcing, adjusting inventory strategies, and strengthening regional partnerships to reduce exposure. Practices are also re-evaluating procurement timing and total cost of ownership assumptions, placing greater emphasis on software modularity and SaaS subscription models that decouple capital-intensive upgrades from core clinical operations. These dynamics underscore the need for transparent procurement dialogues between vendors and practice clients and for scenario planning that accounts for shifting tariff regimes and supply chain volatility.
A comprehensive segmentation framework that clarifies buyer needs across deployment choices, functional modules, animal specialties, practice models, and organization scale
Effective segmentation illuminates demand drivers and informs product strategy across deployment, application, animal type, practice typology, and organizational scale. Deployment preferences split between cloud and on-premise delivery, with cloud options further differentiated by hybrid cloud, private cloud, and public cloud configurations that balance control, scalability, and cost predictability. Buyers selecting cloud models emphasize continuous updates and reduced internal IT burden, while on-premise adopters prioritize local control and data residency.
Application-level segmentation highlights a spectrum of functionality that ranges from appointment scheduling capabilities such as automated reminders, calendar integration, and online booking, to billing and invoicing modules that handle claims management and payment processing. Clinical operations hinge on electronic medical records enriched by diagnostic imaging integration, patient records management, and workflow automation, while inventory management solutions focus on drugs and pharmaceuticals tracking as well as supplies tracking. Patient communication features drive client engagement via email notifications, in-app messaging, and SMS notifications. Telemedicine components provide remote monitoring and video consultations that extend care beyond the clinic. Animal type remains a fundamental axis, with practices serving equine clients alongside breeds like Arabian, Quarter Horse, and Thoroughbred; large animal operations addressing cattle, sheep, and swine; mixed animal practices combining cats, dogs, and livestock; and small animal clinics focused primarily on cats and dogs. Practice type differentiates corporate and franchise models from independent operations, where corporate structures include multi-entity and single-entity configurations, and franchise models comprise multi-unit and single-unit franchises. Organizational size further modulates buyer needs, with large practices defined by more than fifteen veterinarians, medium practices by five to fifteen veterinarians, and small practices by fewer than five veterinarians. Understanding how these segmentation layers intersect is essential for tailoring product roadmaps, pricing, implementation services, and support models to real-world buyer requirements.
Regional adoption patterns, regulatory nuances, and partnership imperatives that determine the trajectory of platform uptake across Americas, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific markets
Regional dynamics materially influence technology adoption patterns, regulatory priorities, and partnership strategies across the veterinary software ecosystem. The Americas exhibit a strong proclivity for cloud-based deployments and integrated telemedicine, supported by a mature payments infrastructure and high client demand for digital engagement. In contrast, parts of Europe, Middle East & Africa demonstrate a heterogeneous mix of adoption rates driven by diverse regulatory environments, language localization needs, and variable clinic scale; data protection and cross-border data transfer considerations are particularly salient in many jurisdictions within this region.
Asia-Pacific markets present a blend of rapid digital adoption in metropolitan centers and more incremental uptake in rural and remote areas, creating opportunities for modular solutions that scale by feature set and cost. Vendor strategies that emphasize local partnerships, language support, and flexible deployment options tend to perform best across the region. Across all geographies, differences in practice organization, reimbursement mechanisms, and animal demographics shape buyer preferences, making it critical for vendors to tailor marketing, product configuration, and post-sales support to each regional context.
How platform incumbents, specialized entrants, and partnership-driven strategies are shaping differentiation, retention, and expansion across the competitive landscape
Competitive dynamics in the space are characterized by a mix of platform incumbents, specialized point-solution providers, and emerging entrants that bring new capabilities such as enhanced imaging integration, AI-assisted diagnostics, and deep client engagement tools. Leading vendors are differentiating through open APIs, partnerships with diagnostic equipment manufacturers, and investments in security and compliance capabilities. Service models are evolving from pure software licensing to outcomes-focused offerings that combine implementation, training, and managed services.
Strategic priorities among successful companies include improving interoperability with third-party systems, expanding telemedicine feature sets, and delivering analytics that translate clinical and business data into actionable operational insights. Companies that invest in robust customer success organizations and scalable support infrastructure report stronger retention and deeper footprint expansion within multi-site groups. At the same time, niche players focus on vertical specialization-such as equine or large animal workflows-to capture high-value clinical segments where domain-specific features drive differentiation. Partnerships, selective integrations, and a focus on predictable total cost of ownership are shaping competitive positioning across the ecosystem.
Actionable strategic priorities and operational tactics that will help vendors and practice leaders accelerate adoption, drive retention, and strengthen long-term value delivery
Industry leaders should prioritize an integrated approach that balances product innovation with practical implementation and long-term customer value creation. First, design modular architectures that allow customers to adopt core clinical and administrative capabilities first and add advanced features such as telemedicine or diagnostic imaging integration as needs evolve. This reduces friction during procurement and lowers adoption barriers for smaller practices while offering scale pathways for larger groups.
Second, invest in data portability, standardized APIs, and interoperability frameworks to facilitate integrations with diagnostic devices, laboratory systems, and third-party analytics platforms. Third, build flexible commercial models that align vendor incentives with practice outcomes, incorporating subscription tiers, support packages, and optional managed services. Fourth, strengthen regional go-to-market approaches by partnering with local service providers, tailoring language localization, and ensuring compliance with region-specific regulations. Finally, enhance client success functions with structured onboarding, continuous training programs, and performance analytics to drive meaningful adoption and measurable operational improvements.
A rigorous evidence-based methodology combining primary interviews, structured surveys, vendor engagement, and triangulated secondary sources to validate conclusions
The research underpinning this executive summary synthesizes multiple streams of evidence to ensure robust and defensible conclusions. Primary research included in-depth interviews with practicing veterinarians, practice managers, and IT leaders across corporate, franchise, and independent settings, alongside structured surveys designed to capture adoption drivers, pain points, and feature priorities. Vendor interactions provided insights into product roadmaps, partnership strategies, and deployment trends, while technology partners shared perspectives on integration challenges and hardware dependencies.
Secondary research complemented primary inputs through targeted review of regulatory guidance, industry standards, and peer-reviewed literature on digital health and telemedicine best practices. Data triangulation methodologies were applied to reconcile differing perspectives, validate hypotheses, and identify consistent patterns. Quality assurance processes included cross-validation of interview themes, iterative synthesis workshops with subject matter experts, and review cycles to ensure clarity, contextual accuracy, and practical relevance for decision-makers.
A decisive summary highlighting the strategic imperatives for achieving clinical efficiency, secure interoperability, and scalable client engagement across diverse practice models
In sum, veterinary practice management software is at an inflection point where technological capabilities, client expectations, and organizational structures are converging to redefine clinical operations. Platforms that emphasize interoperability, modularity, and client engagement while offering robust security and regional compliance will be best positioned to serve a diverse set of customers ranging from small independent clinics to large multi-entity networks. Practice leaders stand to benefit from prioritizing solutions that reduce administrative burden, enhance clinical workflows, and maintain flexibility to scale services across animal types and care settings.
As competition intensifies, vendors must balance innovation with dependable service delivery and clear value articulation. The combination of targeted segmentation, regionally sensitive approaches, and disciplined product roadmaps will enable stakeholders to capture value and support better patient outcomes. The actions recommended here are intended to help executives and operational leaders make informed choices that pragmatically advance both clinical excellence and business resilience.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
194 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Increasing adoption of telehealth services for remote veterinary consultations
- 5.2. Rising demand for precision nutrition plans tailored to individual animal health profiles
- 5.3. Integration of wearable health monitoring devices enabling real-time animal diagnostics
- 5.4. Growing investment in artificial intelligence tools for predictive disease detection in pets
- 5.5. Expansion of mobile veterinary clinics providing on-demand care in underserved regions
- 5.6. Increasing collaboration between veterinary practices and human health institutes for research synergy
- 5.7. Adoption of blockchain technology for transparent tracking of pharmaceutical supply chains in veterinary sector
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Veterinary Services Market, by Animal Type
- 8.1. Cats
- 8.2. Dogs
- 8.3. Equine
- 8.3.1. Breeding Stock
- 8.3.2. Pleasure Horses
- 8.3.3. Sport Horses
- 8.4. Exotic Pets
- 8.4.1. Amphibians
- 8.4.2. Birds
- 8.4.3. Reptiles
- 8.4.4. Small Mammals
- 8.5. Livestock
- 8.5.1. Avian
- 8.5.2. Bovine
- 8.5.3. Caprine
- 8.5.4. Ovine
- 8.5.5. Porcine
- 9. Veterinary Services Market, by Service Type
- 9.1. Dental Services
- 9.1.1. Cleaning & Polishing
- 9.1.2. Dental Radiography
- 9.1.3. Extractions
- 9.2. Diagnostic Imaging
- 9.2.1. MRI & CT
- 9.2.2. Radiography
- 9.2.3. Ultrasound
- 9.3. Emergency And Critical Care
- 9.3.1. Critical Care Monitoring
- 9.3.2. Poison Management
- 9.3.3. Trauma Care
- 9.4. Hospitalization And Inpatient Services
- 9.5. Laboratory Services
- 9.6. Pharmacy Sales
- 9.7. Preventive Care
- 9.7.1. Nutritional Counseling
- 9.7.2. Parasite Control
- 9.7.3. Vaccinations
- 9.7.4. Wellness Exams
- 9.8. Surgical Procedures
- 9.8.1. Minimally Invasive
- 9.8.2. Orthopedic
- 9.8.3. Soft Tissue
- 10. Veterinary Services Market, by Practice Setting
- 10.1. Large Animal Practices
- 10.2. Mixed Animal Practices
- 10.3. Mobile Clinics
- 10.4. Small Animal Clinics
- 10.5. Specialty Referral Centers
- 11. Veterinary Services Market, by Client Type
- 11.1. Commercial Livestock Producers
- 11.2. Equine Owners
- 11.3. Exotic Animal Owners
- 11.4. Individual Pet Owners
- 11.5. Research Institutions
- 12. Veterinary Services Market, by Region
- 12.1. Americas
- 12.1.1. North America
- 12.1.2. Latin America
- 12.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 12.2.1. Europe
- 12.2.2. Middle East
- 12.2.3. Africa
- 12.3. Asia-Pacific
- 13. Veterinary Services Market, by Group
- 13.1. ASEAN
- 13.2. GCC
- 13.3. European Union
- 13.4. BRICS
- 13.5. G7
- 13.6. NATO
- 14. Veterinary Services Market, by Country
- 14.1. United States
- 14.2. Canada
- 14.3. Mexico
- 14.4. Brazil
- 14.5. United Kingdom
- 14.6. Germany
- 14.7. France
- 14.8. Russia
- 14.9. Italy
- 14.10. Spain
- 14.11. China
- 14.12. India
- 14.13. Japan
- 14.14. Australia
- 14.15. South Korea
- 15. Competitive Landscape
- 15.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 15.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 15.3. Competitive Analysis
- 15.3.1. Mars, Incorporated
- 15.3.2. National Veterinary Associates, LP
- 15.3.3. CVS Group plc
- 15.3.4. Greencross Limited
- 15.3.5. PetVet Care Centers, Inc.
- 15.3.6. Linnaeus Holding Limited
- 15.3.7. VetPartners Limited
- 15.3.8. Pathway Vet Alliance, Inc.
- 15.3.9. Ethos Veterinary Health, LLC
- 15.3.10. Veterinary Emergency Group, LLC
- 15.3.11. Veterinary Service Inc.
- 15.3.12. Modern Animal
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