Tert-butanol Market by Grade (Electronic, Industrial, Reagent), Production Process (Catalytic Hydration, Sulfuric Acid Route), Application, End Use Industry, Distribution Channel - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Tert-butanol Market was valued at USD 692.84 million in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 732.41 million in 2025, with a CAGR of 6.82%, reaching USD 1,174.83 million by 2032.
An authoritative orientation to tert-butanol explaining its chemical attributes, application breadth, regulatory imperatives, and operational relevance for stakeholders
Tert-butanol, a tertiary alcohol with versatile chemical properties, occupies a strategic position across multiple industrial value chains. Its molecular stability, solubility profile, and relative ease of handling make it a preferred solvent and intermediate in the production of specialty compounds. Over time, its utility has expanded beyond traditional solvent duties to include roles in the formulation of flavors and fragrances, as a precursor in pharmaceutical syntheses, and in select fuel additive applications where volatility and blending characteristics matter.
The substance’s functional flexibility is matched by varied production routes and product grades, which together drive the need for differentiated commercial and regulatory approaches. Safety and handling protocols are central to its downstream adoption, and producers continue to refine purification and quality controls to meet stringent end-use specifications. As stakeholders evaluate supply chains under evolving trade and regulatory environments, a clear understanding of tert-butanol’s chemistry, application scope, and operational considerations becomes essential for procurement, product development, and risk management.
Transformative production, quality control, and sustainability dynamics that are redefining supply chains and commercial strategies across the tert-butanol value chain
The landscape for tert-butanol is in flux as technological advances, sustainability pressures, and evolving regulatory priorities reshape where and how it is produced and consumed. Innovations in catalytic hydration have improved selectivity and reduced energy intensity, while legacy sulfuric acid routes remain in use where capital structures and feedstock profiles favor their economics. Meanwhile, demand-side shifts toward cleaner formulations and high-purity grades for electronic and pharmaceutical uses have elevated the importance of advanced purification technologies and trace-level quality assurance.
Concurrently, supply chain digitalization and distributed manufacturing models are enabling closer alignment between producers and specialized end users. Firms that integrate process optimization, emissions management, and product differentiation are gaining strategic advantage. Moreover, increasing emphasis on lifecycle assessments and circularity is prompting new investments in raw material sourcing and byproduct valorization. Taken together, these transformative shifts are redefining competitive dynamics and creating opportunities for operators who can couple technical excellence with resilient commercial strategies.
How recent United States tariff changes have reshaped sourcing, supply resilience, and procurement strategies across tert-butanol value chains
Policy changes in trade and tariff regimes have introduced a new layer of complexity to global tert-butanol supply chains, with the United States’ tariff adjustments in 2025 acting as a catalyst for reassessment among buyers and producers. Increased duties and tightened import controls have interrupted traditional sourcing patterns, prompting downstream manufacturers to re-evaluate supplier exposure and to consider alternative procurement arrangements. In response, some importers accelerated qualification of regional suppliers while others adjusted inventories and contractual terms to buffer near-term cost and availability impacts.
These measures have also spurred manufacturing footprint considerations. Firms with flexible production capabilities or regional manufacturing assets were better positioned to mitigate disruption, while those reliant on specific overseas feedstock faced elevated execution risk. Importantly, tariff-driven shifts have heightened attention on total landed cost and regulatory compliance, incentivizing investments in trade planning, customs expertise, and strategic inventory management. Over time, the cumulative effect of these policy changes is likely to be reflected in tighter commercial coordination between suppliers and major end users, increased emphasis on supplier diversification, and renewed interest in domestic capacity expansion where regulatory and economic conditions permit.
In-depth segmentation analysis revealing how application, grade, end-use industry, distribution pathway, and production route shape demand profiles and procurement priorities
Segmentation insights reveal differentiated demand drivers and technical requirements across applications, product grades, end-use industries, distribution channels, and production processes. When analyzed by application, tert-butanol serves flavors and fragrances where formulation work differentiates between flavor compounds and fragrance compounds, while in fuel additive roles it supports blending needs; in pharmaceuticals the split between active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients drives precise purity and certification pathways; and as a solvent the distinction between industrial and laboratory uses creates divergent specifications and packaging demands.
Examining grade-based segmentation, electronic-grade tert-butanol is subject to the most stringent impurity thresholds, industrial grade supports bulk chemical processing where cost efficiency and robustness matter, and reagent grade bifurcates into analytical and technical reagents that serve high-accuracy laboratory environments and routine process tasks respectively. From an end-use industry perspective, agrochemical demand differentiates between fertilizers and pesticides with distinct impurity tolerances, paints and coatings require tailored formulations for automotive and industrial applications, personal care divides between cosmetics and skin care with regulatory and sensory considerations, and pharmaceutical end uses separate API manufacturing from formulation needs, each with unique validation and quality systems.
Distribution channel segmentation further influences commercial strategies: direct purchase relationships foster close technical collaboration and long-term contracting, whereas distributors-both retail and wholesale models-serve fragmented demand requiring inventory management and logistical support. Finally, production process segmentation underscores technology choices, as catalytic hydration and the sulfuric acid route impart different environmental profiles, byproduct streams, and capital intensity, which in turn affect supplier positioning and buyer preferences.
Regional supply chain realities and industrial profiles across the Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific that influence production, compliance, and sourcing dynamics
Regional dynamics are central to strategic planning for tert-butanol given variations in regulatory frameworks, feedstock availability, and industrial specialization across key geographies. In the Americas, integrated chemical hubs and established logistics infrastructure support a mix of export-oriented plants and localized supply for downstream industries, with particular strengths in agrochemical and specialty chemical manufacturing. North-South trade flows within the region remain important for balancing capacity and demand, while regulatory developments at both federal and state levels influence investment decisions and operational compliance.
Across Europe, Middle East & Africa, heterogeneous regulatory regimes and a wide range of industrial capabilities coexist. Europe’s stringent product and environmental standards drive demand for higher-purity grades and advanced production practices, while markets in the Middle East benefit from proximate feedstock sources and export-oriented facilities. Africa presents both nascent demand and opportunities for localized production as industrialization advances. In the Asia-Pacific region, high-capacity manufacturing clusters, robust pharmaceutical and personal care industries, and dynamic consumer markets create significant downstream consumption. Regional supply chains in Asia-Pacific are often characterized by rapid scaling capabilities, close supplier-buyer integration, and competitive cost structures, which together influence global trade flows and sourcing strategies.
Corporate differentiation and strategic positioning driven by process innovation, quality specialization, and integrated supply solutions within the tert-butanol ecosystem
Competitive dynamics among producers and distributors of tert-butanol are shaped by investments in technology, quality assurance, and integrated supply solutions. Leading firms differentiate through proprietary process improvements, advanced purification capabilities that meet stringent grade requirements for electronics and pharmaceuticals, and by offering tailored logistics and packaging options that address both industrial and laboratory end uses. Collaboration between producers and high-value end users-such as pharmaceutical manufacturers and specialty fragrance houses-has intensified, often manifesting as joint development agreements, exclusive supply arrangements, or co-investment in quality control infrastructure.
Moreover, sustainability and safety are increasingly prominent strategic levers. Companies that can demonstrate lower environmental footprints through cleaner production routes or energy-efficient operations are achieving preferential access to certain buyer segments. In addition, robust regulatory compliance programs and transparent traceability systems enhance trust with customers operating under strict standards. Mergers, alliances, and targeted capacity expansions continue to occur as players aim to strengthen regional footprints and to secure position in high-margin specialty segments, further concentrating capabilities where technical differentiation yields commercial premiums.
Actionable strategic and operational recommendations for producers and buyers to strengthen supply resilience, upgrade quality capabilities, and capture value in specialized tert-butanol applications
Industry leaders should pursue pragmatic, risk-aware strategies that align technical capabilities with customer needs and regulatory realities. First, prioritize diversification of procurement channels and establish qualification pathways for regional suppliers to mitigate tariff and logistics exposure. Concurrently, invest in advanced purification and analytical infrastructure to serve growth in electronic and pharmaceutical grades, ensuring product specifications meet the most demanding downstream requirements. In parallel, evaluate green chemistry options and process upgrades that lower emissions and energy consumption, thereby improving environmental profiles and enhancing appeal to sustainability-minded customers.
Operationally, strengthen commercial contracts to include flexible delivery terms and inventory-as-a-service arrangements that reduce volatility for both suppliers and buyers. Develop closer collaboration with formulators in flavors, fragrances, and personal care to co-create differentiated technical solutions, and formalize long-term partnerships with key end users that include joint quality assurance and troubleshooting protocols. Finally, implement digital tools for supply chain visibility and risk monitoring to enable proactive responses to trade or logistics disruptions, while maintaining a disciplined program of regulatory tracking and scenario planning to navigate evolving compliance landscapes with confidence.
A rigorous mixed-methods approach combining expert consultations, technical review, and cross-validated data synthesis to underpin practical and reliable insights
This analysis synthesizes primary engagements and comprehensive secondary review to ensure findings reflect operational realities and expert judgment. Primary inputs included structured interviews with process engineers, procurement leaders, and regulatory specialists across producer and end-user organizations, complemented by site-level assessments of production methods and quality control practices. Secondary inputs drew on technical literature, regulatory filings, and trade data to validate process descriptions, grade specifications, and industry trends.
Data were triangulated by cross-referencing interview insights with publicly available technical documentation and supply chain indicators to identify consistent patterns and to surface areas of divergence. Where quantitative trends were relevant, multiple independent sources were compared to ensure robustness of interpretation. Quality control and reproducibility were emphasized through standardized interview protocols, validation checkpoints with subject matter experts, and iterative review cycles. The resulting methodology balances empirical observation with expert synthesis to deliver actionable, context-aware conclusions suitable for commercial and technical decision making.
A concise synthesis of technical drivers, trade impacts, and strategic imperatives that define competitive advantage and resilience for tert-butanol stakeholders
In summary, tert-butanol remains an adaptable and technically important intermediate whose strategic value is amplified by grade differentiation, specialized applications, and evolving production technologies. Recent shifts in trade policy, coupled with advancements in catalytic and purification processes, have changed sourcing calculus and elevated the importance of supply chain resilience. End users with exacting quality needs, particularly in electronics and pharmaceuticals, will continue to drive demand for higher-specification material and for suppliers capable of delivering consistent, certified quality.
Looking ahead, the producers and downstream formulators that combine technical excellence with proactive trade planning and sustainable production practices will be best positioned to capture opportunity. Close collaboration across the value chain, targeted investments in process improvements, and disciplined operational risk management will collectively determine which organizations can adapt most effectively to regulatory changes and shifting demand profiles. The result will be a more segmented landscape where technical capability and supply reliability command competitive advantage.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
An authoritative orientation to tert-butanol explaining its chemical attributes, application breadth, regulatory imperatives, and operational relevance for stakeholders
Tert-butanol, a tertiary alcohol with versatile chemical properties, occupies a strategic position across multiple industrial value chains. Its molecular stability, solubility profile, and relative ease of handling make it a preferred solvent and intermediate in the production of specialty compounds. Over time, its utility has expanded beyond traditional solvent duties to include roles in the formulation of flavors and fragrances, as a precursor in pharmaceutical syntheses, and in select fuel additive applications where volatility and blending characteristics matter.
The substance’s functional flexibility is matched by varied production routes and product grades, which together drive the need for differentiated commercial and regulatory approaches. Safety and handling protocols are central to its downstream adoption, and producers continue to refine purification and quality controls to meet stringent end-use specifications. As stakeholders evaluate supply chains under evolving trade and regulatory environments, a clear understanding of tert-butanol’s chemistry, application scope, and operational considerations becomes essential for procurement, product development, and risk management.
Transformative production, quality control, and sustainability dynamics that are redefining supply chains and commercial strategies across the tert-butanol value chain
The landscape for tert-butanol is in flux as technological advances, sustainability pressures, and evolving regulatory priorities reshape where and how it is produced and consumed. Innovations in catalytic hydration have improved selectivity and reduced energy intensity, while legacy sulfuric acid routes remain in use where capital structures and feedstock profiles favor their economics. Meanwhile, demand-side shifts toward cleaner formulations and high-purity grades for electronic and pharmaceutical uses have elevated the importance of advanced purification technologies and trace-level quality assurance.
Concurrently, supply chain digitalization and distributed manufacturing models are enabling closer alignment between producers and specialized end users. Firms that integrate process optimization, emissions management, and product differentiation are gaining strategic advantage. Moreover, increasing emphasis on lifecycle assessments and circularity is prompting new investments in raw material sourcing and byproduct valorization. Taken together, these transformative shifts are redefining competitive dynamics and creating opportunities for operators who can couple technical excellence with resilient commercial strategies.
How recent United States tariff changes have reshaped sourcing, supply resilience, and procurement strategies across tert-butanol value chains
Policy changes in trade and tariff regimes have introduced a new layer of complexity to global tert-butanol supply chains, with the United States’ tariff adjustments in 2025 acting as a catalyst for reassessment among buyers and producers. Increased duties and tightened import controls have interrupted traditional sourcing patterns, prompting downstream manufacturers to re-evaluate supplier exposure and to consider alternative procurement arrangements. In response, some importers accelerated qualification of regional suppliers while others adjusted inventories and contractual terms to buffer near-term cost and availability impacts.
These measures have also spurred manufacturing footprint considerations. Firms with flexible production capabilities or regional manufacturing assets were better positioned to mitigate disruption, while those reliant on specific overseas feedstock faced elevated execution risk. Importantly, tariff-driven shifts have heightened attention on total landed cost and regulatory compliance, incentivizing investments in trade planning, customs expertise, and strategic inventory management. Over time, the cumulative effect of these policy changes is likely to be reflected in tighter commercial coordination between suppliers and major end users, increased emphasis on supplier diversification, and renewed interest in domestic capacity expansion where regulatory and economic conditions permit.
In-depth segmentation analysis revealing how application, grade, end-use industry, distribution pathway, and production route shape demand profiles and procurement priorities
Segmentation insights reveal differentiated demand drivers and technical requirements across applications, product grades, end-use industries, distribution channels, and production processes. When analyzed by application, tert-butanol serves flavors and fragrances where formulation work differentiates between flavor compounds and fragrance compounds, while in fuel additive roles it supports blending needs; in pharmaceuticals the split between active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients drives precise purity and certification pathways; and as a solvent the distinction between industrial and laboratory uses creates divergent specifications and packaging demands.
Examining grade-based segmentation, electronic-grade tert-butanol is subject to the most stringent impurity thresholds, industrial grade supports bulk chemical processing where cost efficiency and robustness matter, and reagent grade bifurcates into analytical and technical reagents that serve high-accuracy laboratory environments and routine process tasks respectively. From an end-use industry perspective, agrochemical demand differentiates between fertilizers and pesticides with distinct impurity tolerances, paints and coatings require tailored formulations for automotive and industrial applications, personal care divides between cosmetics and skin care with regulatory and sensory considerations, and pharmaceutical end uses separate API manufacturing from formulation needs, each with unique validation and quality systems.
Distribution channel segmentation further influences commercial strategies: direct purchase relationships foster close technical collaboration and long-term contracting, whereas distributors-both retail and wholesale models-serve fragmented demand requiring inventory management and logistical support. Finally, production process segmentation underscores technology choices, as catalytic hydration and the sulfuric acid route impart different environmental profiles, byproduct streams, and capital intensity, which in turn affect supplier positioning and buyer preferences.
Regional supply chain realities and industrial profiles across the Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific that influence production, compliance, and sourcing dynamics
Regional dynamics are central to strategic planning for tert-butanol given variations in regulatory frameworks, feedstock availability, and industrial specialization across key geographies. In the Americas, integrated chemical hubs and established logistics infrastructure support a mix of export-oriented plants and localized supply for downstream industries, with particular strengths in agrochemical and specialty chemical manufacturing. North-South trade flows within the region remain important for balancing capacity and demand, while regulatory developments at both federal and state levels influence investment decisions and operational compliance.
Across Europe, Middle East & Africa, heterogeneous regulatory regimes and a wide range of industrial capabilities coexist. Europe’s stringent product and environmental standards drive demand for higher-purity grades and advanced production practices, while markets in the Middle East benefit from proximate feedstock sources and export-oriented facilities. Africa presents both nascent demand and opportunities for localized production as industrialization advances. In the Asia-Pacific region, high-capacity manufacturing clusters, robust pharmaceutical and personal care industries, and dynamic consumer markets create significant downstream consumption. Regional supply chains in Asia-Pacific are often characterized by rapid scaling capabilities, close supplier-buyer integration, and competitive cost structures, which together influence global trade flows and sourcing strategies.
Corporate differentiation and strategic positioning driven by process innovation, quality specialization, and integrated supply solutions within the tert-butanol ecosystem
Competitive dynamics among producers and distributors of tert-butanol are shaped by investments in technology, quality assurance, and integrated supply solutions. Leading firms differentiate through proprietary process improvements, advanced purification capabilities that meet stringent grade requirements for electronics and pharmaceuticals, and by offering tailored logistics and packaging options that address both industrial and laboratory end uses. Collaboration between producers and high-value end users-such as pharmaceutical manufacturers and specialty fragrance houses-has intensified, often manifesting as joint development agreements, exclusive supply arrangements, or co-investment in quality control infrastructure.
Moreover, sustainability and safety are increasingly prominent strategic levers. Companies that can demonstrate lower environmental footprints through cleaner production routes or energy-efficient operations are achieving preferential access to certain buyer segments. In addition, robust regulatory compliance programs and transparent traceability systems enhance trust with customers operating under strict standards. Mergers, alliances, and targeted capacity expansions continue to occur as players aim to strengthen regional footprints and to secure position in high-margin specialty segments, further concentrating capabilities where technical differentiation yields commercial premiums.
Actionable strategic and operational recommendations for producers and buyers to strengthen supply resilience, upgrade quality capabilities, and capture value in specialized tert-butanol applications
Industry leaders should pursue pragmatic, risk-aware strategies that align technical capabilities with customer needs and regulatory realities. First, prioritize diversification of procurement channels and establish qualification pathways for regional suppliers to mitigate tariff and logistics exposure. Concurrently, invest in advanced purification and analytical infrastructure to serve growth in electronic and pharmaceutical grades, ensuring product specifications meet the most demanding downstream requirements. In parallel, evaluate green chemistry options and process upgrades that lower emissions and energy consumption, thereby improving environmental profiles and enhancing appeal to sustainability-minded customers.
Operationally, strengthen commercial contracts to include flexible delivery terms and inventory-as-a-service arrangements that reduce volatility for both suppliers and buyers. Develop closer collaboration with formulators in flavors, fragrances, and personal care to co-create differentiated technical solutions, and formalize long-term partnerships with key end users that include joint quality assurance and troubleshooting protocols. Finally, implement digital tools for supply chain visibility and risk monitoring to enable proactive responses to trade or logistics disruptions, while maintaining a disciplined program of regulatory tracking and scenario planning to navigate evolving compliance landscapes with confidence.
A rigorous mixed-methods approach combining expert consultations, technical review, and cross-validated data synthesis to underpin practical and reliable insights
This analysis synthesizes primary engagements and comprehensive secondary review to ensure findings reflect operational realities and expert judgment. Primary inputs included structured interviews with process engineers, procurement leaders, and regulatory specialists across producer and end-user organizations, complemented by site-level assessments of production methods and quality control practices. Secondary inputs drew on technical literature, regulatory filings, and trade data to validate process descriptions, grade specifications, and industry trends.
Data were triangulated by cross-referencing interview insights with publicly available technical documentation and supply chain indicators to identify consistent patterns and to surface areas of divergence. Where quantitative trends were relevant, multiple independent sources were compared to ensure robustness of interpretation. Quality control and reproducibility were emphasized through standardized interview protocols, validation checkpoints with subject matter experts, and iterative review cycles. The resulting methodology balances empirical observation with expert synthesis to deliver actionable, context-aware conclusions suitable for commercial and technical decision making.
A concise synthesis of technical drivers, trade impacts, and strategic imperatives that define competitive advantage and resilience for tert-butanol stakeholders
In summary, tert-butanol remains an adaptable and technically important intermediate whose strategic value is amplified by grade differentiation, specialized applications, and evolving production technologies. Recent shifts in trade policy, coupled with advancements in catalytic and purification processes, have changed sourcing calculus and elevated the importance of supply chain resilience. End users with exacting quality needs, particularly in electronics and pharmaceuticals, will continue to drive demand for higher-specification material and for suppliers capable of delivering consistent, certified quality.
Looking ahead, the producers and downstream formulators that combine technical excellence with proactive trade planning and sustainable production practices will be best positioned to capture opportunity. Close collaboration across the value chain, targeted investments in process improvements, and disciplined operational risk management will collectively determine which organizations can adapt most effectively to regulatory changes and shifting demand profiles. The result will be a more segmented landscape where technical capability and supply reliability command competitive advantage.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
194 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Growing adoption of bio-based tert-butanol production through enzymatic catalysis to meet sustainability targets
- 5.2. Rising demand for tert-butanol as a denaturant in ethanol fuel blends driven by regulatory incentives
- 5.3. Expansion of tert-butanol capacity in Asia Pacific to serve booming coatings and adhesives sectors
- 5.4. Implementation of continuous flow reactor technology to optimize tert-butanol synthesis yields and reduce costs
- 5.5. Stringent environmental regulations prompting reformulation of industrial solvents with low-toxicity tert-butanol variants
- 5.6. Integration of digital process control systems to enhance safety and efficiency in tert-butanol manufacturing plants
- 5.7. Strategic joint ventures between chemical majors to secure tert-butanol feedstock supply and stabilize pricing dynamics
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Tert-butanol Market, by Grade
- 8.1. Electronic
- 8.2. Industrial
- 8.3. Reagent
- 8.3.1. Analytical
- 8.3.2. Technical
- 9. Tert-butanol Market, by Production Process
- 9.1. Catalytic Hydration
- 9.2. Sulfuric Acid Route
- 10. Tert-butanol Market, by Application
- 10.1. Flavors & Fragrances
- 10.1.1. Flavor Compounds
- 10.1.2. Fragrance Compounds
- 10.2. Fuel Additives
- 10.3. Pharmaceuticals
- 10.3.1. Api
- 10.3.2. Excipients
- 10.4. Solvents
- 10.4.1. Industrial
- 10.4.2. Laboratory
- 11. Tert-butanol Market, by End Use Industry
- 11.1. Agrochemicals
- 11.1.1. Fertilizers
- 11.1.2. Pesticides
- 11.2. Paints & Coatings
- 11.2.1. Automotive
- 11.2.2. Industrial
- 11.3. Personal Care
- 11.3.1. Cosmetics
- 11.3.2. Skin Care
- 11.4. Pharmaceuticals
- 11.4.1. Api Manufacturing
- 11.4.2. Formulation
- 12. Tert-butanol Market, by Distribution Channel
- 12.1. Direct Purchase
- 12.2. Distributors
- 12.2.1. Retail
- 12.2.2. Wholesale
- 13. Tert-butanol Market, by Region
- 13.1. Americas
- 13.1.1. North America
- 13.1.2. Latin America
- 13.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 13.2.1. Europe
- 13.2.2. Middle East
- 13.2.3. Africa
- 13.3. Asia-Pacific
- 14. Tert-butanol Market, by Group
- 14.1. ASEAN
- 14.2. GCC
- 14.3. European Union
- 14.4. BRICS
- 14.5. G7
- 14.6. NATO
- 15. Tert-butanol Market, by Country
- 15.1. United States
- 15.2. Canada
- 15.3. Mexico
- 15.4. Brazil
- 15.5. United Kingdom
- 15.6. Germany
- 15.7. France
- 15.8. Russia
- 15.9. Italy
- 15.10. Spain
- 15.11. China
- 15.12. India
- 15.13. Japan
- 15.14. Australia
- 15.15. South Korea
- 16. Competitive Landscape
- 16.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 16.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 16.3. Competitive Analysis
- 16.3.1. Arkema S.A.
- 16.3.2. BASF SE
- 16.3.3. Dow Inc.
- 16.3.4. DUBI CHEM MARINE INTERNATIONAL
- 16.3.5. Eastman Chemical Company
- 16.3.6. Exxon Mobil Corporation
- 16.3.7. Fengchen Group Co., Ltd.
- 16.3.8. Henan GP Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- 16.3.9. INEOS Group Limited
- 16.3.10. LANXESS AG
- 16.3.11. Lasons India Pvt. Ltd.
- 16.3.12. LyondellBasell Industries N.V.
- 16.3.13. Saudi Basic Industries Corporation
- 16.3.14. Shell plc
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