Solar Encapsulation Materials Market by Material Type (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate, Polyolefin Elastomer, Polyvinyl Butyral), Technology (Crosslinkable, Non Crosslinkable), End Use, Application - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Solar Encapsulation Materials Market was valued at USD 628.36 million in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 694.47 million in 2025, with a CAGR of 11.45%, reaching USD 1,496.31 million by 2032.
An authoritative introduction to the critical role and evolving technological profile of polymeric encapsulants in modern photovoltaic module reliability
Solar encapsulation materials are a foundational but frequently overlooked component of photovoltaic systems, governing durability, energy yield stability, and long-term operational risk. By protecting fragile cells and interconnections from mechanical stress, moisture ingress, ultraviolet exposure, and thermal cycling, the encapsulant layer enables reliable field performance across diverse climates and installation types. Innovations in polymer chemistry, curing processes, and additive packages have broadened the set of design trade-offs available to module manufacturers, balancing optical clarity, adhesion, and long-term resistance to yellowing and delamination.
The industry’s development arc is influenced by downstream demand patterns from residential rooftop projects to large utility deployments, as well as by upstream supply chain dynamics tied to raw-material feedstocks and specialty compounding infrastructure. As a result, material selection decisions increasingly incorporate lifecycle considerations, recyclability options, and compatibility with emergent module architectures such as bifacial and building-integrated photovoltaics. In this context, a holistic understanding of encapsulant performance in real-world conditions is indispensable for decision-makers seeking to optimize asset reliability and reduce long-run operational expenditures.
An in-depth look at how technological innovation, sustainability mandates, and supply-chain realignment are reshaping encapsulant selection and module design
The landscape for solar encapsulation materials is shifting rapidly under the influence of three concurrent forces: technological maturation, sustainability pressures, and supply-chain realignment. Technological maturation has brought improved polymer chemistries and curing techniques into mainstream manufacturing, enabling encapsulants to deliver extended optical stability and stronger adhesion without sacrificing throughput. At the same time, sustainability pressures are prompting both material scientists and original equipment manufacturers to reassess life-cycle impacts, shifting attention toward recyclability, reduced volatile organic compound emissions, and lower embodied carbon in raw-material selection.
Supply-chain realignment is an equally transformative force. Manufacturers are adapting procurement strategies to reduce exposure to single-source dependencies and to accommodate changing trade rules and input-cost dynamics. Together, these trends are catalyzing a wave of product differentiation: advanced crosslinkable formulations targeted at high-durability installations, non-crosslinkable options optimized for faster lamination and lower upfront cost, and specialty grades designed for building-integrated photovoltaics with unique mechanical and optical requirements. Transitioning from legacy formulations to next-generation materials is increasing the technical complexity of module design decisions, which in turn elevates the importance of rigorous qualification testing and field validation.
A comprehensive analysis of how US tariff adjustments are reshaping supplier selection, procurement practices, and operational resilience for encapsulant stakeholders
Recent trade measures and tariff adjustments in the United States have exerted a multifaceted influence on the solar manufacturing ecosystem that extends to encapsulation materials and their supply chains. Tariff-driven changes have altered comparative supplier economics and encouraged greater regional diversification of resin and compound sourcing, with manufacturers reassessing logistics, inventory strategies, and supplier qualification timelines. As firms adapt, procurement teams are prioritizing supplier relationships that deliver both technical support and resilience to cross-border disruptions, rather than relying solely on unit price metrics.
Operational consequences have also emerged: extended lead times for specialty additives, more rigorous documentation and compliance workflows, and incremental administrative costs linked to customs classification and duty mitigation strategies. In response, some downstream manufacturers are redesigning module assembly processes to accommodate alternative encapsulant chemistries that can be procured from a broader supplier set, while others are investing in localized compounding capacity to reduce exposure to trade policy volatility. The net effect has been a reframing of total cost considerations and a heightened focus on supplier risk management and traceability across the encapsulant value chain.
Segment-driven intelligence revealing how end-use, material families, curing technologies, and application architectures determine product requirements and R&D focus
Segment-level dynamics reveal distinct technical and commercial pressures that guide product development and go-to-market strategies across the industry’s primary dimensions. Based on end use, the market for encapsulants is studied across commercial installations with medium-scale performance and aesthetic priorities, residential systems that emphasize rooftop-specific durability and compatibility with small-format modules, and utility-scale deployments where long-duration performance and lifecycle robustness dominate procurement criteria. Based on material type, the principal families under consideration include ethylene vinyl acetate, prized for its long-established balance of optical clarity and adhesion; polyolefin elastomer, notable for improved hydrophobicity and reduced moisture ingress; polyvinyl butyral, which offers alternative adhesion and flexibility characteristics for specialty designs; and thermoplastic polyurethane, selected for superior mechanical toughness and abrasion resistance.
Based on technology, materials are categorized into crosslinkable and non-crosslinkable systems, with crosslinkable formulations further examined through their peroxide curing and UV curing pathways, each presenting distinct process, safety, and performance trade-offs. Based on application, encapsulants are evaluated for building-integrated photovoltaics, cell interconnection, and module encapsulation, with BIPV subdivided into facade-integrated and roof-integrated variants to reflect differing aesthetic and thermal management constraints, and PV module analysis differentiated between monocrystalline and polycrystalline architectures to show how cell topology influences optical and mechanical demands on the encapsulant layer. These segment distinctions illuminate where R&D investment, qualification rigor, and supply-chain focus are most likely to yield competitive advantage.
Regional intelligence detailing how Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific geographies shape product design, qualification, and supply strategies
Regional dynamics materially influence supplier strategies, qualification pathways, and product design choices across the globe. In the Americas, demand patterns and industrial policy have incentivized localized processing and a closer coupling between compounders and module assemblers, encouraging the development of product grades tailored to continental climatic variation and to regulatory expectations around product stewardship. In Europe, Middle East & Africa, regulatory emphasis on circularity and emissions reduction is accelerating interest in recyclable or more easily separable encapsulant systems and in formulations that reduce volatile emissions during lamination. Meanwhile, manufacturers in these regions often require enhanced documentation and extended qualification cycles to meet rigorous installation standards.
Asia-Pacific continues to be a center of both advanced materials production and high-volume module assembly, driving rapid iteration cycles and economies of scale for new encapsulant chemistries. Regional differences in energy policy, land use, and installation typologies create divergent technical requirements: coastal installations demand enhanced salt-fog resistance, temperate climates require UV-stable formulations, and hot-arid regions place a premium on thermal stability and low creep. Consequently, global companies must reconcile scale advantages with the need to regionalize product portfolios and technical support to remain competitive in each of these geographies.
Critical insights into supplier behavior, collaborative development patterns, and in-house capabilities that define competitive positioning across the value chain
Industry participants span specialty polymer producers, compounders focused on photovoltaic applications, and module integrators that combine materials expertise with large-scale lamination capabilities. Leading material suppliers are investing in tailored formulations that balance long-term optical clarity with improved adhesion chemistry and lower processing complexity, while compounders emphasize consistent sheet quality, tight thickness control, and robust additive dispersion to meet rigorous field performance requirements. Module manufacturers are deepening their materials expertise in-house to accelerate qualification cycles and to create tighter feedback loops between field performance data and formulation adjustments.
Collaboration between material scientists, equipment vendors, and testing laboratories has intensified, producing accelerated validation protocols and standardized test methods that reduce uncertainty in long-term performance assessments. At the same time, strategic partnerships between resin producers and regional compounders have emerged to secure capacity for specialty grades and to shorten time-to-market for new encapsulant innovations. These relationships are increasingly defined by technical service commitments, joint development agreements, and co-investment in pilot lines rather than by transactional supply contracts alone.
Actionable strategic and operational recommendations that enable leaders to reduce risk, accelerate qualification, and align product development with long-term reliability goals
For industry leaders seeking to translate technical advantage into commercial success, a set of pragmatic actions can both reduce risk and accelerate adoption of improved encapsulation solutions. Prioritize investments in qualification infrastructure that replicate real-world stressors, enabling faster and more reliable validation of new chemistries and curing methods. In procurement, diversify supplier relationships to include regional compounders with technical service capabilities to mitigate logistics and policy risk while preserving access to specialty additives. From a product development perspective, align material choices with end-use requirements by integrating field-performance feedback into formulation cycles and by designing encapsulants that facilitate repairability and end-of-life separation.
Operationally, embed traceability systems that track batch-level resin and additive inputs through module assembly to support warranty claims and to reduce the time required for root-cause analysis. Finally, pursue modular pilot projects that allow rapid A/B testing of encapsulant variants under controlled deployments, thus enabling data-driven decisions about scale-up timing and capital allocation. Collectively, these steps will equip leaders to balance short-term supply continuity with long-term reliability and sustainability goals.
A transparent and reproducible methodology combining primary technical interviews, laboratory aging studies, and field validation to ensure evidence-based conclusions
This research synthesized primary interviews with technical leaders across polymer compounding, module assembly, and independent testing laboratories, combined with a structured review of publicly available technical literature and standards bodies’ protocols to produce evidence-based insight. Material performance assessments were cross-validated against accelerated aging studies and field-exposure reports to ensure relevance across climates and installation types. Where appropriate, case examples from pilot installations and supplier qualification dossiers were used to illustrate typical failure modes and successful mitigation strategies.
Analytical rigor was maintained by triangulating qualitative inputs with laboratory-derived performance metrics and by documenting assumptions and qualification thresholds used in comparative assessments. The methodology emphasizes reproducibility and technical traceability: test protocols, sample conditioning regimens, and acceptance criteria that proved informative are described in the report’s methodology appendix and can be reproduced by technical teams seeking to replicate or expand upon the analysis. This approach ensures that conclusions are rooted in measurable material behavior and in real-world operational experience.
A concise synthesis of why encapsulant innovation, qualification rigor, and supply-chain adaptability will determine long-term photovoltaic reliability and competitiveness
Encapsulation materials sit at the intersection of chemistry, process engineering, and system reliability, and they will continue to be a leverage point for improving photovoltaic asset performance and longevity. Technological progress in polymer design and curing technologies offers pathways to improved durability and to better compatibility with the evolving architectures of solar modules, including bifacial systems and building-integrated applications. Concurrently, regulatory and policy dynamics are elevating lifecycle and circularity considerations, which will push both formulation science and supply-chain practices toward solutions that prioritize environmental stewardship as well as performance.
The pragmatic implication for industry participants is clear: investment in rigorous qualification, supplier diversification, and targeted pilot deployments will be necessary to convert technical promise into dependable field outcomes. By emphasizing cross-functional collaboration between materials scientists, product engineers, and procurement teams, organizations can shorten innovation cycles and reduce operational risk. Ultimately, the most resilient strategies will be those that couple technical excellence with supply-chain adaptability and verifiable environmental credentials.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
An authoritative introduction to the critical role and evolving technological profile of polymeric encapsulants in modern photovoltaic module reliability
Solar encapsulation materials are a foundational but frequently overlooked component of photovoltaic systems, governing durability, energy yield stability, and long-term operational risk. By protecting fragile cells and interconnections from mechanical stress, moisture ingress, ultraviolet exposure, and thermal cycling, the encapsulant layer enables reliable field performance across diverse climates and installation types. Innovations in polymer chemistry, curing processes, and additive packages have broadened the set of design trade-offs available to module manufacturers, balancing optical clarity, adhesion, and long-term resistance to yellowing and delamination.
The industry’s development arc is influenced by downstream demand patterns from residential rooftop projects to large utility deployments, as well as by upstream supply chain dynamics tied to raw-material feedstocks and specialty compounding infrastructure. As a result, material selection decisions increasingly incorporate lifecycle considerations, recyclability options, and compatibility with emergent module architectures such as bifacial and building-integrated photovoltaics. In this context, a holistic understanding of encapsulant performance in real-world conditions is indispensable for decision-makers seeking to optimize asset reliability and reduce long-run operational expenditures.
An in-depth look at how technological innovation, sustainability mandates, and supply-chain realignment are reshaping encapsulant selection and module design
The landscape for solar encapsulation materials is shifting rapidly under the influence of three concurrent forces: technological maturation, sustainability pressures, and supply-chain realignment. Technological maturation has brought improved polymer chemistries and curing techniques into mainstream manufacturing, enabling encapsulants to deliver extended optical stability and stronger adhesion without sacrificing throughput. At the same time, sustainability pressures are prompting both material scientists and original equipment manufacturers to reassess life-cycle impacts, shifting attention toward recyclability, reduced volatile organic compound emissions, and lower embodied carbon in raw-material selection.
Supply-chain realignment is an equally transformative force. Manufacturers are adapting procurement strategies to reduce exposure to single-source dependencies and to accommodate changing trade rules and input-cost dynamics. Together, these trends are catalyzing a wave of product differentiation: advanced crosslinkable formulations targeted at high-durability installations, non-crosslinkable options optimized for faster lamination and lower upfront cost, and specialty grades designed for building-integrated photovoltaics with unique mechanical and optical requirements. Transitioning from legacy formulations to next-generation materials is increasing the technical complexity of module design decisions, which in turn elevates the importance of rigorous qualification testing and field validation.
A comprehensive analysis of how US tariff adjustments are reshaping supplier selection, procurement practices, and operational resilience for encapsulant stakeholders
Recent trade measures and tariff adjustments in the United States have exerted a multifaceted influence on the solar manufacturing ecosystem that extends to encapsulation materials and their supply chains. Tariff-driven changes have altered comparative supplier economics and encouraged greater regional diversification of resin and compound sourcing, with manufacturers reassessing logistics, inventory strategies, and supplier qualification timelines. As firms adapt, procurement teams are prioritizing supplier relationships that deliver both technical support and resilience to cross-border disruptions, rather than relying solely on unit price metrics.
Operational consequences have also emerged: extended lead times for specialty additives, more rigorous documentation and compliance workflows, and incremental administrative costs linked to customs classification and duty mitigation strategies. In response, some downstream manufacturers are redesigning module assembly processes to accommodate alternative encapsulant chemistries that can be procured from a broader supplier set, while others are investing in localized compounding capacity to reduce exposure to trade policy volatility. The net effect has been a reframing of total cost considerations and a heightened focus on supplier risk management and traceability across the encapsulant value chain.
Segment-driven intelligence revealing how end-use, material families, curing technologies, and application architectures determine product requirements and R&D focus
Segment-level dynamics reveal distinct technical and commercial pressures that guide product development and go-to-market strategies across the industry’s primary dimensions. Based on end use, the market for encapsulants is studied across commercial installations with medium-scale performance and aesthetic priorities, residential systems that emphasize rooftop-specific durability and compatibility with small-format modules, and utility-scale deployments where long-duration performance and lifecycle robustness dominate procurement criteria. Based on material type, the principal families under consideration include ethylene vinyl acetate, prized for its long-established balance of optical clarity and adhesion; polyolefin elastomer, notable for improved hydrophobicity and reduced moisture ingress; polyvinyl butyral, which offers alternative adhesion and flexibility characteristics for specialty designs; and thermoplastic polyurethane, selected for superior mechanical toughness and abrasion resistance.
Based on technology, materials are categorized into crosslinkable and non-crosslinkable systems, with crosslinkable formulations further examined through their peroxide curing and UV curing pathways, each presenting distinct process, safety, and performance trade-offs. Based on application, encapsulants are evaluated for building-integrated photovoltaics, cell interconnection, and module encapsulation, with BIPV subdivided into facade-integrated and roof-integrated variants to reflect differing aesthetic and thermal management constraints, and PV module analysis differentiated between monocrystalline and polycrystalline architectures to show how cell topology influences optical and mechanical demands on the encapsulant layer. These segment distinctions illuminate where R&D investment, qualification rigor, and supply-chain focus are most likely to yield competitive advantage.
Regional intelligence detailing how Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific geographies shape product design, qualification, and supply strategies
Regional dynamics materially influence supplier strategies, qualification pathways, and product design choices across the globe. In the Americas, demand patterns and industrial policy have incentivized localized processing and a closer coupling between compounders and module assemblers, encouraging the development of product grades tailored to continental climatic variation and to regulatory expectations around product stewardship. In Europe, Middle East & Africa, regulatory emphasis on circularity and emissions reduction is accelerating interest in recyclable or more easily separable encapsulant systems and in formulations that reduce volatile emissions during lamination. Meanwhile, manufacturers in these regions often require enhanced documentation and extended qualification cycles to meet rigorous installation standards.
Asia-Pacific continues to be a center of both advanced materials production and high-volume module assembly, driving rapid iteration cycles and economies of scale for new encapsulant chemistries. Regional differences in energy policy, land use, and installation typologies create divergent technical requirements: coastal installations demand enhanced salt-fog resistance, temperate climates require UV-stable formulations, and hot-arid regions place a premium on thermal stability and low creep. Consequently, global companies must reconcile scale advantages with the need to regionalize product portfolios and technical support to remain competitive in each of these geographies.
Critical insights into supplier behavior, collaborative development patterns, and in-house capabilities that define competitive positioning across the value chain
Industry participants span specialty polymer producers, compounders focused on photovoltaic applications, and module integrators that combine materials expertise with large-scale lamination capabilities. Leading material suppliers are investing in tailored formulations that balance long-term optical clarity with improved adhesion chemistry and lower processing complexity, while compounders emphasize consistent sheet quality, tight thickness control, and robust additive dispersion to meet rigorous field performance requirements. Module manufacturers are deepening their materials expertise in-house to accelerate qualification cycles and to create tighter feedback loops between field performance data and formulation adjustments.
Collaboration between material scientists, equipment vendors, and testing laboratories has intensified, producing accelerated validation protocols and standardized test methods that reduce uncertainty in long-term performance assessments. At the same time, strategic partnerships between resin producers and regional compounders have emerged to secure capacity for specialty grades and to shorten time-to-market for new encapsulant innovations. These relationships are increasingly defined by technical service commitments, joint development agreements, and co-investment in pilot lines rather than by transactional supply contracts alone.
Actionable strategic and operational recommendations that enable leaders to reduce risk, accelerate qualification, and align product development with long-term reliability goals
For industry leaders seeking to translate technical advantage into commercial success, a set of pragmatic actions can both reduce risk and accelerate adoption of improved encapsulation solutions. Prioritize investments in qualification infrastructure that replicate real-world stressors, enabling faster and more reliable validation of new chemistries and curing methods. In procurement, diversify supplier relationships to include regional compounders with technical service capabilities to mitigate logistics and policy risk while preserving access to specialty additives. From a product development perspective, align material choices with end-use requirements by integrating field-performance feedback into formulation cycles and by designing encapsulants that facilitate repairability and end-of-life separation.
Operationally, embed traceability systems that track batch-level resin and additive inputs through module assembly to support warranty claims and to reduce the time required for root-cause analysis. Finally, pursue modular pilot projects that allow rapid A/B testing of encapsulant variants under controlled deployments, thus enabling data-driven decisions about scale-up timing and capital allocation. Collectively, these steps will equip leaders to balance short-term supply continuity with long-term reliability and sustainability goals.
A transparent and reproducible methodology combining primary technical interviews, laboratory aging studies, and field validation to ensure evidence-based conclusions
This research synthesized primary interviews with technical leaders across polymer compounding, module assembly, and independent testing laboratories, combined with a structured review of publicly available technical literature and standards bodies’ protocols to produce evidence-based insight. Material performance assessments were cross-validated against accelerated aging studies and field-exposure reports to ensure relevance across climates and installation types. Where appropriate, case examples from pilot installations and supplier qualification dossiers were used to illustrate typical failure modes and successful mitigation strategies.
Analytical rigor was maintained by triangulating qualitative inputs with laboratory-derived performance metrics and by documenting assumptions and qualification thresholds used in comparative assessments. The methodology emphasizes reproducibility and technical traceability: test protocols, sample conditioning regimens, and acceptance criteria that proved informative are described in the report’s methodology appendix and can be reproduced by technical teams seeking to replicate or expand upon the analysis. This approach ensures that conclusions are rooted in measurable material behavior and in real-world operational experience.
A concise synthesis of why encapsulant innovation, qualification rigor, and supply-chain adaptability will determine long-term photovoltaic reliability and competitiveness
Encapsulation materials sit at the intersection of chemistry, process engineering, and system reliability, and they will continue to be a leverage point for improving photovoltaic asset performance and longevity. Technological progress in polymer design and curing technologies offers pathways to improved durability and to better compatibility with the evolving architectures of solar modules, including bifacial systems and building-integrated applications. Concurrently, regulatory and policy dynamics are elevating lifecycle and circularity considerations, which will push both formulation science and supply-chain practices toward solutions that prioritize environmental stewardship as well as performance.
The pragmatic implication for industry participants is clear: investment in rigorous qualification, supplier diversification, and targeted pilot deployments will be necessary to convert technical promise into dependable field outcomes. By emphasizing cross-functional collaboration between materials scientists, product engineers, and procurement teams, organizations can shorten innovation cycles and reduce operational risk. Ultimately, the most resilient strategies will be those that couple technical excellence with supply-chain adaptability and verifiable environmental credentials.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
195 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Integration of advanced thermoplastic encapsulants for higher recyclability and faster lamination
- 5.2. Adoption of UV-stabilized ethylene vinyl acetate alternatives for extended module lifetime
- 5.3. Development of backsheet and encapsulant combinations to reduce microcracking in bifacial panels
- 5.4. Use of fluoropolymer films for enhanced weather resistance and self-cleaning properties
- 5.5. Incorporation of nanoparticle additives to improve light transmission and overall module efficiency
- 5.6. Focus on bio-based and biodegradable encapsulation materials to address sustainability targets
- 5.7. Application of high-temperature-resistant encapsulants for concentrated photovoltaic systems
- 5.8. Innovations in laminating processes reducing curing time and energy consumption in production
- 5.9. Implementation of colorless and optically clear encapsulants to maximize photovoltaic energy yield
- 5.10. Emergence of dual-layer encapsulation approaches combining multiple polymers for enhanced durability
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Solar Encapsulation Materials Market, by Material Type
- 8.1. Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
- 8.2. Polyolefin Elastomer
- 8.3. Polyvinyl Butyral
- 8.4. Thermoplastic Polyurethane
- 9. Solar Encapsulation Materials Market, by Technology
- 9.1. Crosslinkable
- 9.1.1. Peroxide Curing
- 9.1.2. UV Curing
- 9.2. Non Crosslinkable
- 10. Solar Encapsulation Materials Market, by End Use
- 10.1. Commercial
- 10.2. Residential
- 10.3. Utility Scale
- 11. Solar Encapsulation Materials Market, by Application
- 11.1. BIPV
- 11.1.1. Facade Integrated
- 11.1.2. Roof Integrated
- 11.2. PV Cell Interconnection
- 11.3. PV Module
- 11.3.1. Monocrystalline
- 11.3.2. Polycrystalline
- 12. Solar Encapsulation Materials Market, by Region
- 12.1. Americas
- 12.1.1. North America
- 12.1.2. Latin America
- 12.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 12.2.1. Europe
- 12.2.2. Middle East
- 12.2.3. Africa
- 12.3. Asia-Pacific
- 13. Solar Encapsulation Materials Market, by Group
- 13.1. ASEAN
- 13.2. GCC
- 13.3. European Union
- 13.4. BRICS
- 13.5. G7
- 13.6. NATO
- 14. Solar Encapsulation Materials Market, by Country
- 14.1. United States
- 14.2. Canada
- 14.3. Mexico
- 14.4. Brazil
- 14.5. United Kingdom
- 14.6. Germany
- 14.7. France
- 14.8. Russia
- 14.9. Italy
- 14.10. Spain
- 14.11. China
- 14.12. India
- 14.13. Japan
- 14.14. Australia
- 14.15. South Korea
- 15. Competitive Landscape
- 15.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 15.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 15.3. Competitive Analysis
- 15.3.1. 3M Company
- 15.3.2. Arkema S.A.
- 15.3.3. Dow Inc.
- 15.3.4. E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
- 15.3.5. Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
- 15.3.6. JA Solar Technology Co., Ltd.
- 15.3.7. JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd.
- 15.3.8. Jolywood (Suzhou) Sunwatt Co., Ltd.
- 15.3.9. Krempel GmbH
- 15.3.10. Kuraray Europe GmbH
- 15.3.11. Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
- 15.3.12. Nitto Denko Corporation
- 15.3.13. RenewSys India Pvt. Ltd.
- 15.3.14. SKC Co., Ltd.
- 15.3.15. STR Holdings, Inc.
- 15.3.16. The Solaria Corporation
- 15.3.17. Toray Industries, Inc.
- 15.3.18. Trina Solar Co., Ltd.
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