Polybutadiene Market by Type (Emulsion Polymerization, Solution Polymerization), Application (Adhesives And Sealants, Footwear, Hoses And Belts), End Use Industry - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Polybutadiene Market was valued at USD 11.96 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 12.85 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 7.99%, reaching USD 22.14 billion by 2032.
Contextual overview of polybutadiene fundamentals, evolving production practices, and shifting demand drivers shaping industry priorities in the near to medium term
Polybutadiene has long been a foundational elastomer for performance-driven applications where resilience, wear resistance, and low-temperature flexibility are critical. Traditionally concentrated in tire treads and industrial rubber goods, polybutadiene's role has broadened across adhesives, footwear, hoses, belts, and specialty formulations as product designers seek combinations of durability and cost efficiency. Recent advances in polymerization catalysts and process control have enabled tighter control of microstructure, delivering material grades optimized for specific end-use performance attributes.
As producers and buyers contend with evolving raw material dynamics and end-market expectations, understanding the interplay of polymer type, application requirements, and supply-chain constraints is essential. This introduction frames core material characteristics, production pathways, and demand drivers, setting the stage for deeper analysis of transformation vectors, tariff impacts, segmentation nuances, regional dynamics, and strategic recommendations that follow.
How technological advances, sustainability mandates, and supply-chain resilience considerations are collectively reshaping competitive dynamics and product development priorities
The polybutadiene landscape is undergoing transformative shifts driven by technological, regulatory, and end-market dynamics. On the technology front, improvements in emulsion and solution polymerization processes have reduced energy intensity and increased control over stereochemistry, enabling manufacturers to produce cis-, trans-, and vinyl-enriched grades with narrower property distributions. These material-level improvements are unlocking new performance windows in tires and adhesives, while lower processing variability is reducing downstream quality failures and warranty exposure.
Regulatory pressure and sustainability commitments are another major vector of change. Producers are increasingly investing in feedstock diversification and process electrification to reduce greenhouse gas intensity and improve life-cycle footprints. These investments are accompanied by greater adoption of circular-economy practices at the product-design level, encouraging formulators to consider recyclability and reparability. Concurrently, supply-chain resilience has moved to the forefront as companies reassess sourcing strategies to mitigate geopolitical and logistical risks. Together, these shifts are prompting a rebalancing of supplier-buyer relationships, accelerating collaboration on product customization and long-term contracting to secure continuity of critical elastomers.
Assessment of how 2025 tariff policies have altered procurement behavior, sourcing geographies, supplier negotiations, and incentives for vertical integration in polybutadiene supply chains
The cumulative impact of tariff measures introduced in 2025 has amplified cost and sourcing considerations across the polybutadiene supply chain, with pronounced effects on procurement, inventory strategy, and regional trade flows. Tariff-driven price differentials have shifted short-term buying patterns as downstream manufacturers optimized purchases to limit exposure to additional duties, while some suppliers accelerated inbound shipments ahead of implementation dates. Over time, the new tariff landscape has encouraged a segment of buyers to develop alternative sourcing hubs, pivoting toward suppliers in tariff-exempt jurisdictions or investing in nearshore capacity to reduce landed-cost volatility.
In addition to immediate cost implications, the tariff environment has altered negotiation dynamics between suppliers and large industrial buyers. Firms with scale leveraged long-term offtake agreements and co-investment arrangements to secure preferential pricing, whereas smaller processors faced elevated margin pressure and sought technical differentiation to justify premium sourcing. Finally, tariffs have amplified the strategic importance of vertical integration for some market participants, encouraging producers and large converters to explore backward linkages or joint ventures that can provide greater control over feedstock access and duty exposure.
Segment-focused insights linking application requirements, industry procurement behavior, and polymerization route implications for polybutadiene value creation
A meaningful understanding of polybutadiene demand requires segment-level clarity across application, end-use industry, and polymer type. Based on Application, the market is studied across Adhesives And Sealants, Footwear, Hoses And Belts, and Tires, each of which imposes distinct mechanical, aging, and processing requirements that drive grade selection and formulation complexity. Based on End Use Industry, the market is studied across Automotive, Consumer Goods, and Industrial Goods, reflecting different purchasing cycles, approval protocols, and sensitivity to design-for-repair or recyclability constraints. Based on Type, the market is studied across Emulsion Polymerization and Solution Polymerization. The Emulsion Polymerization is further studied across Cis Polybutadiene, Trans Polybutadiene, and Vinyl Polybutadiene. The Solution Polymerization is further studied across Cis Polybutadiene, Trans Polybutadiene, and Vinyl Polybutadiene, and these distinctions in polymerization route and microstructure translate directly into variations in tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and tack properties.
Integrating these segmentation axes reveals where value pools and technical parity converge. For example, tires demand grades with a high cis content for resilience and low rolling resistance, prompting concentrated R&D and production allocation. By contrast, adhesives and sealants often prioritize tack and processability, favoring formulations that utilize vinyl-enriched polybutadiene or blends tailored for bonding performance. Footwear applications balance cushioning and durability with cost constraints, while hoses and belts emphasize fatigue resistance and long-term dimensional stability. End-use industries likewise impose divergent acceptance protocols: automotive procurement emphasizes OEM qualification and traceability, consumer goods prioritize speed-to-market and cost efficiency, and industrial goods focus on service life and reliability.
As a consequence, suppliers that can offer a portfolio spanning polymerization technologies and microstructural variants, coupled with robust technical services for formulation and application testing, will be best positioned to capture cross-segment demand and support customers through qualification cycles.
Comparative regional dynamics highlighting feedstock advantages, regulatory pressures, and manufacturing ecosystems across major global polybutadiene markets
Regional dynamics for polybutadiene are shaped by feedstock availability, downstream manufacturing intensity, and logistics infrastructure, producing differentiated competitive advantages across major geographies. In the Americas, integrated petrochemical complexes and established tire and automotive manufacturing clusters support responsive supply to nearby converters, enabling shorter lead times and opportunities for collaborative product development. In Europe, Middle East & Africa, regulatory stringency on emissions and recycling, coupled with mature automotive and industrial manufacturing bases, drive demand for lower-carbon processes and higher-performance grades, prompting suppliers to prioritize sustainability credentials and traceability. In Asia-Pacific, a combination of rapid industrialization, extensive footwear and consumer-goods manufacturing, and significant tire production creates a dense demand ecosystem that incentivizes local capacity expansion and technology transfer.
Taken together, these regional characteristics require suppliers and buyers to adopt differentiated strategies. In the Americas, emphasis on service levels and co-development can secure long-term partnerships. In Europe, Middle East & Africa, investment in greener production technologies and product life-cycle transparency becomes a competitive necessity. In Asia-Pacific, scalability, cost competitiveness, and rapid qualification support determine success. Cross-region trade will continue to respond to logistical costs, tariff regimes, and evolving local content requirements, so firms must align distribution footprints and inventory policies with regional demand rhythms and policy landscapes.
How investments in polymerization technology, application engineering, and collaborative commercial models are redefining supplier competitiveness and customer retention
Competitive dynamics in polybutadiene production are increasingly driven by capabilities in process technology, grade diversification, and customer-centered technical support. Established polymer producers and specialty chemical firms continue to invest in catalyst and reactor upgrades that enhance yield stability and microstructure control, while value-added service offerings such as in-application testing, formulation assistance, and joint development projects have become important differentiators. Partnerships between producers and downstream converters are also becoming more strategic; long-term offtake agreements and co-funded product development projects reduce time-to-qualification and enable bespoke grades for high-performance applications.
At the same time, smaller specialty players are carving niches by focusing on rapid commercialization of tailored grades or on-service models that reduce customer conversion cost. The cumulative effect is a landscape where scale advantages coexist with agile innovation, and where commercial success increasingly depends on the ability to combine technical excellence with supply reliability. Firms that harmonize consistent delivery, sustainability credentials, and application engineering support are most likely to enhance customer retention and justify premium positioning.
Actionable strategic moves for producers and buyers to secure supply resilience, accelerate product qualification, and build sustainability-led differentiation in polybutadiene value chains
Industry leaders should pursue a balanced strategy that addresses short-term supply stability while positioning for long-term differentiation. First, prioritize dual-sourcing and nearshoring options to mitigate tariff and logistics exposure while maintaining access to performance-critical grades. Concurrently, negotiate collaborative development agreements that align supplier R&D incentives with customer performance goals, thereby accelerating qualification cycles and reducing total cost of ownership. Second, invest in polymerization and process improvements that lower energy intensity and enable tighter microstructural control; these investments will both reduce operating risk and unlock premium applications requiring specific cis/trans/vinyl distributions.
Third, strengthen sustainability narratives through measurable life-cycle improvements and transparent traceability to meet evolving regulatory and customer expectations. Fourth, expand technical service offerings, including application laboratories and co-development teams, to shorten adoption timelines for new grades. Finally, review commercial terms to include flexible contracting and inventory consignment models that support customers through demand variability, thereby deepening partnerships and reducing the likelihood of opportunistic supplier switching.
Description of the mixed-methods research approach blending interviews, technical literature review, and trade-flow validation to produce actionable polybutadiene insights
This research synthesis is grounded in a mixed-methods approach that combines primary qualitative interviews, technical literature review, and supply-chain verification to ensure robustness of insights. Primary inputs included structured interviews with polymer technologists, procurement leads at downstream manufacturers, and supply-chain managers across multiple regions to capture operational realities and decision criteria. Technical assessment drew from peer-reviewed publications and industry engineering reports to validate polymerization process characteristics, product performance correlations, and evolving catalyst technologies.
To corroborate trade-flow observations and tariff impacts, customs filings and logistics data were cross-checked with industry interlocutors to map shifts in sourcing and inventory behavior. Findings were triangulated through comparative analysis across application segments and geographies to surface consistent patterns and to expose areas of divergence. Throughout the process, emphasis was placed on qualitative rigor, transparency of assumptions, and the practical applicability of conclusions for corporate strategy and procurement execution.
Synthesis of material, technological, and trade-related forces shaping polybutadiene's strategic importance and the essential trade-offs for industry participants
In conclusion, polybutadiene remains a strategically important elastomer whose future trajectory will be shaped by advances in polymerization technology, sustainability imperatives, and the evolving structure of global trade. The material's adaptability across adhesives, footwear, hoses, belts, and tires ensures continued relevance, but success will depend on alignment between product-grade capabilities and the specific demands of automotive, consumer goods, and industrial buyers. Additionally, the bifurcation of production into emulsion and solution polymerization routes, and the attendant cis-trans-vinyl microstructural options, create both complexity and opportunity for suppliers and converters prepared to invest in technical differentiation.
Given recent policy and tariff developments, companies must balance short-term supply management with investments that deliver long-term competitive advantage, such as process improvements, sustainability metrics, and deeper customer engagement. By integrating these approaches, organizations can reduce exposure to external shocks while capturing higher-value opportunities presented by performance-driven applications and stricter environmental expectations.
Please Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Contextual overview of polybutadiene fundamentals, evolving production practices, and shifting demand drivers shaping industry priorities in the near to medium term
Polybutadiene has long been a foundational elastomer for performance-driven applications where resilience, wear resistance, and low-temperature flexibility are critical. Traditionally concentrated in tire treads and industrial rubber goods, polybutadiene's role has broadened across adhesives, footwear, hoses, belts, and specialty formulations as product designers seek combinations of durability and cost efficiency. Recent advances in polymerization catalysts and process control have enabled tighter control of microstructure, delivering material grades optimized for specific end-use performance attributes.
As producers and buyers contend with evolving raw material dynamics and end-market expectations, understanding the interplay of polymer type, application requirements, and supply-chain constraints is essential. This introduction frames core material characteristics, production pathways, and demand drivers, setting the stage for deeper analysis of transformation vectors, tariff impacts, segmentation nuances, regional dynamics, and strategic recommendations that follow.
How technological advances, sustainability mandates, and supply-chain resilience considerations are collectively reshaping competitive dynamics and product development priorities
The polybutadiene landscape is undergoing transformative shifts driven by technological, regulatory, and end-market dynamics. On the technology front, improvements in emulsion and solution polymerization processes have reduced energy intensity and increased control over stereochemistry, enabling manufacturers to produce cis-, trans-, and vinyl-enriched grades with narrower property distributions. These material-level improvements are unlocking new performance windows in tires and adhesives, while lower processing variability is reducing downstream quality failures and warranty exposure.
Regulatory pressure and sustainability commitments are another major vector of change. Producers are increasingly investing in feedstock diversification and process electrification to reduce greenhouse gas intensity and improve life-cycle footprints. These investments are accompanied by greater adoption of circular-economy practices at the product-design level, encouraging formulators to consider recyclability and reparability. Concurrently, supply-chain resilience has moved to the forefront as companies reassess sourcing strategies to mitigate geopolitical and logistical risks. Together, these shifts are prompting a rebalancing of supplier-buyer relationships, accelerating collaboration on product customization and long-term contracting to secure continuity of critical elastomers.
Assessment of how 2025 tariff policies have altered procurement behavior, sourcing geographies, supplier negotiations, and incentives for vertical integration in polybutadiene supply chains
The cumulative impact of tariff measures introduced in 2025 has amplified cost and sourcing considerations across the polybutadiene supply chain, with pronounced effects on procurement, inventory strategy, and regional trade flows. Tariff-driven price differentials have shifted short-term buying patterns as downstream manufacturers optimized purchases to limit exposure to additional duties, while some suppliers accelerated inbound shipments ahead of implementation dates. Over time, the new tariff landscape has encouraged a segment of buyers to develop alternative sourcing hubs, pivoting toward suppliers in tariff-exempt jurisdictions or investing in nearshore capacity to reduce landed-cost volatility.
In addition to immediate cost implications, the tariff environment has altered negotiation dynamics between suppliers and large industrial buyers. Firms with scale leveraged long-term offtake agreements and co-investment arrangements to secure preferential pricing, whereas smaller processors faced elevated margin pressure and sought technical differentiation to justify premium sourcing. Finally, tariffs have amplified the strategic importance of vertical integration for some market participants, encouraging producers and large converters to explore backward linkages or joint ventures that can provide greater control over feedstock access and duty exposure.
Segment-focused insights linking application requirements, industry procurement behavior, and polymerization route implications for polybutadiene value creation
A meaningful understanding of polybutadiene demand requires segment-level clarity across application, end-use industry, and polymer type. Based on Application, the market is studied across Adhesives And Sealants, Footwear, Hoses And Belts, and Tires, each of which imposes distinct mechanical, aging, and processing requirements that drive grade selection and formulation complexity. Based on End Use Industry, the market is studied across Automotive, Consumer Goods, and Industrial Goods, reflecting different purchasing cycles, approval protocols, and sensitivity to design-for-repair or recyclability constraints. Based on Type, the market is studied across Emulsion Polymerization and Solution Polymerization. The Emulsion Polymerization is further studied across Cis Polybutadiene, Trans Polybutadiene, and Vinyl Polybutadiene. The Solution Polymerization is further studied across Cis Polybutadiene, Trans Polybutadiene, and Vinyl Polybutadiene, and these distinctions in polymerization route and microstructure translate directly into variations in tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and tack properties.
Integrating these segmentation axes reveals where value pools and technical parity converge. For example, tires demand grades with a high cis content for resilience and low rolling resistance, prompting concentrated R&D and production allocation. By contrast, adhesives and sealants often prioritize tack and processability, favoring formulations that utilize vinyl-enriched polybutadiene or blends tailored for bonding performance. Footwear applications balance cushioning and durability with cost constraints, while hoses and belts emphasize fatigue resistance and long-term dimensional stability. End-use industries likewise impose divergent acceptance protocols: automotive procurement emphasizes OEM qualification and traceability, consumer goods prioritize speed-to-market and cost efficiency, and industrial goods focus on service life and reliability.
As a consequence, suppliers that can offer a portfolio spanning polymerization technologies and microstructural variants, coupled with robust technical services for formulation and application testing, will be best positioned to capture cross-segment demand and support customers through qualification cycles.
Comparative regional dynamics highlighting feedstock advantages, regulatory pressures, and manufacturing ecosystems across major global polybutadiene markets
Regional dynamics for polybutadiene are shaped by feedstock availability, downstream manufacturing intensity, and logistics infrastructure, producing differentiated competitive advantages across major geographies. In the Americas, integrated petrochemical complexes and established tire and automotive manufacturing clusters support responsive supply to nearby converters, enabling shorter lead times and opportunities for collaborative product development. In Europe, Middle East & Africa, regulatory stringency on emissions and recycling, coupled with mature automotive and industrial manufacturing bases, drive demand for lower-carbon processes and higher-performance grades, prompting suppliers to prioritize sustainability credentials and traceability. In Asia-Pacific, a combination of rapid industrialization, extensive footwear and consumer-goods manufacturing, and significant tire production creates a dense demand ecosystem that incentivizes local capacity expansion and technology transfer.
Taken together, these regional characteristics require suppliers and buyers to adopt differentiated strategies. In the Americas, emphasis on service levels and co-development can secure long-term partnerships. In Europe, Middle East & Africa, investment in greener production technologies and product life-cycle transparency becomes a competitive necessity. In Asia-Pacific, scalability, cost competitiveness, and rapid qualification support determine success. Cross-region trade will continue to respond to logistical costs, tariff regimes, and evolving local content requirements, so firms must align distribution footprints and inventory policies with regional demand rhythms and policy landscapes.
How investments in polymerization technology, application engineering, and collaborative commercial models are redefining supplier competitiveness and customer retention
Competitive dynamics in polybutadiene production are increasingly driven by capabilities in process technology, grade diversification, and customer-centered technical support. Established polymer producers and specialty chemical firms continue to invest in catalyst and reactor upgrades that enhance yield stability and microstructure control, while value-added service offerings such as in-application testing, formulation assistance, and joint development projects have become important differentiators. Partnerships between producers and downstream converters are also becoming more strategic; long-term offtake agreements and co-funded product development projects reduce time-to-qualification and enable bespoke grades for high-performance applications.
At the same time, smaller specialty players are carving niches by focusing on rapid commercialization of tailored grades or on-service models that reduce customer conversion cost. The cumulative effect is a landscape where scale advantages coexist with agile innovation, and where commercial success increasingly depends on the ability to combine technical excellence with supply reliability. Firms that harmonize consistent delivery, sustainability credentials, and application engineering support are most likely to enhance customer retention and justify premium positioning.
Actionable strategic moves for producers and buyers to secure supply resilience, accelerate product qualification, and build sustainability-led differentiation in polybutadiene value chains
Industry leaders should pursue a balanced strategy that addresses short-term supply stability while positioning for long-term differentiation. First, prioritize dual-sourcing and nearshoring options to mitigate tariff and logistics exposure while maintaining access to performance-critical grades. Concurrently, negotiate collaborative development agreements that align supplier R&D incentives with customer performance goals, thereby accelerating qualification cycles and reducing total cost of ownership. Second, invest in polymerization and process improvements that lower energy intensity and enable tighter microstructural control; these investments will both reduce operating risk and unlock premium applications requiring specific cis/trans/vinyl distributions.
Third, strengthen sustainability narratives through measurable life-cycle improvements and transparent traceability to meet evolving regulatory and customer expectations. Fourth, expand technical service offerings, including application laboratories and co-development teams, to shorten adoption timelines for new grades. Finally, review commercial terms to include flexible contracting and inventory consignment models that support customers through demand variability, thereby deepening partnerships and reducing the likelihood of opportunistic supplier switching.
Description of the mixed-methods research approach blending interviews, technical literature review, and trade-flow validation to produce actionable polybutadiene insights
This research synthesis is grounded in a mixed-methods approach that combines primary qualitative interviews, technical literature review, and supply-chain verification to ensure robustness of insights. Primary inputs included structured interviews with polymer technologists, procurement leads at downstream manufacturers, and supply-chain managers across multiple regions to capture operational realities and decision criteria. Technical assessment drew from peer-reviewed publications and industry engineering reports to validate polymerization process characteristics, product performance correlations, and evolving catalyst technologies.
To corroborate trade-flow observations and tariff impacts, customs filings and logistics data were cross-checked with industry interlocutors to map shifts in sourcing and inventory behavior. Findings were triangulated through comparative analysis across application segments and geographies to surface consistent patterns and to expose areas of divergence. Throughout the process, emphasis was placed on qualitative rigor, transparency of assumptions, and the practical applicability of conclusions for corporate strategy and procurement execution.
Synthesis of material, technological, and trade-related forces shaping polybutadiene's strategic importance and the essential trade-offs for industry participants
In conclusion, polybutadiene remains a strategically important elastomer whose future trajectory will be shaped by advances in polymerization technology, sustainability imperatives, and the evolving structure of global trade. The material's adaptability across adhesives, footwear, hoses, belts, and tires ensures continued relevance, but success will depend on alignment between product-grade capabilities and the specific demands of automotive, consumer goods, and industrial buyers. Additionally, the bifurcation of production into emulsion and solution polymerization routes, and the attendant cis-trans-vinyl microstructural options, create both complexity and opportunity for suppliers and converters prepared to invest in technical differentiation.
Given recent policy and tariff developments, companies must balance short-term supply management with investments that deliver long-term competitive advantage, such as process improvements, sustainability metrics, and deeper customer engagement. By integrating these approaches, organizations can reduce exposure to external shocks while capturing higher-value opportunities presented by performance-driven applications and stricter environmental expectations.
Please Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
193 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Increasing demand for high-performance tire-grade polybutadiene in EV applications due to enhanced wear resistance and energy efficiency
- 5.2. Emerging bio-based polybutadiene production methods aimed at reducing carbon footprint and dependence on fossil feedstocks
- 5.3. Strategic capacity expansion of solution-polymerized polybutadiene plants in Asia-Pacific to meet growing rubber compound demand
- 5.4. Development of novel functionalized polybutadiene copolymers for advanced adhesives and sealants in automotive assemblies
- 5.5. Regulatory emphasis on polymer recycling driving investment in closed-loop recovery of polybutadiene from end-of-life tires
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Polybutadiene Market, by Type
- 8.1. Emulsion Polymerization
- 8.2. Solution Polymerization
- 9. Polybutadiene Market, by Application
- 9.1. Adhesives And Sealants
- 9.2. Footwear
- 9.3. Hoses And Belts
- 9.4. Tires
- 10. Polybutadiene Market, by End Use Industry
- 10.1. Automotive
- 10.2. Consumer Goods
- 10.3. Industrial Goods
- 11. Polybutadiene Market, by Region
- 11.1. Americas
- 11.1.1. North America
- 11.1.2. Latin America
- 11.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 11.2.1. Europe
- 11.2.2. Middle East
- 11.2.3. Africa
- 11.3. Asia-Pacific
- 12. Polybutadiene Market, by Group
- 12.1. ASEAN
- 12.2. GCC
- 12.3. European Union
- 12.4. BRICS
- 12.5. G7
- 12.6. NATO
- 13. Polybutadiene Market, by Country
- 13.1. United States
- 13.2. Canada
- 13.3. Mexico
- 13.4. Brazil
- 13.5. United Kingdom
- 13.6. Germany
- 13.7. France
- 13.8. Russia
- 13.9. Italy
- 13.10. Spain
- 13.11. China
- 13.12. India
- 13.13. Japan
- 13.14. Australia
- 13.15. South Korea
- 14. Competitive Landscape
- 14.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 14.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 14.3. Competitive Analysis
- 14.3.1. ARLANXEO GmbH
- 14.3.2. Asahi Kasei Corporation
- 14.3.3. Braskem S.A.
- 14.3.4. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation
- 14.3.5. Eneos Materials Corporation
- 14.3.6. Evonik Industries AG
- 14.3.7. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
- 14.3.8. JSR Corporation
- 14.3.9. JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation
- 14.3.10. Kumho Petrochemical Co., Ltd.
- 14.3.11. Kuraray Co., Ltd.
- 14.3.12. LG Chem Ltd.
- 14.3.13. LyondellBasell Industries Holdings B.V.
- 14.3.14. Reliance Industries Limited
- 14.3.15. SABIC
- 14.3.16. Sinopec
- 14.3.17. Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
- 14.3.18. The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
- 14.3.19. UBE Corporation
- 14.3.20. Versalis S.p.A.
- 14.3.21. Zeon Corporation
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