Photoacoustic Imaging Market by Product Type (Accessories, Contrast Agents, Imaging Systems), Technology (Photoacoustic Microscopy, Photoacoustic Tomography), Application, End User - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Photoacoustic Imaging Market was valued at USD 93.94 million in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 99.04 million in 2025, with a CAGR of 5.62%, reaching USD 145.58 million by 2032.
An integrative overview of photoacoustic imaging technology evolution and clinical translation dynamics shaping device form factors and analytical toolchains
Photoacoustic imaging is converging optics, acoustics, and advanced signal processing to deliver high-contrast, label-free visualization across vascular, dermatological, oncological, and ocular domains. Recent advances in laser sources, ultrasound transducer arrays, and computational algorithms have reduced barriers to clinical translation by improving spatial resolution, deep-tissue penetration, and multispectral capability. Consequently, stakeholders including device developers, clinical investigators, and imaging software vendors are accelerating collaborations to validate diagnostic and interventional use cases.
Transitioning from laboratory demonstrations to regulated clinical products requires alignment across hardware form factors, contrast strategies, and analytic pipelines. Bench-top systems remain essential for preclinical validation while handheld and point-of-care designs are gaining interest for bedside applications. Simultaneously, the maturation of contrast agents and multimodal imaging protocols is expanding the modality’s diagnostic reach. As this technology moves toward broader clinical adoption, robust data analysis and image processing tools will be central to converting richer photoacoustic datasets into clinically meaningful biomarkers and decision support outputs.
How miniaturization, multispectral acquisition, and advanced computational imaging are collectively redefining clinical use cases and commercialization routes
The landscape of photoacoustic imaging is undergoing transformative shifts driven by improvements in system integration, miniaturization, and computational imaging. Advances in laser diode technology and compact pulsed sources have enabled smaller, safer, and more power-efficient platforms, which in turn are supporting the development of handheld and bedside devices. Concurrently, the transition from single-wavelength to multispectral acquisitions is enabling functional imaging that differentiates tissue chromophores and monitors physiological parameters noninvasively.
In parallel, software innovations-particularly in image reconstruction, denoising, and feature extraction-are unlocking clinically actionable outputs. Machine learning and model-based inversion techniques are improving image fidelity and enabling faster processing pipelines suitable for point-of-care workflows. Moreover, incremental regulatory acceptance of hybrid imaging modalities and growing clinical evidence in oncology and vascular applications are shifting investment toward integrated solutions that bundle hardware, optimized contrast strategies, and validated analytic software. These convergent trends are redefining product roadmaps and creating new routes for commercialization.
How 2025 tariff changes are reshaping sourcing strategies, supply-chain architecture, and commercial models for medical imaging device manufacturers
Tariff regimes and trade policy adjustments in 2025 have introduced new layers of complexity for suppliers and buyers of medical imaging equipment and components, affecting sourcing strategies, supply-chain agility, and cost structures. Component-level tariffs on optical assemblies, semiconductor drivers, and precision transducers can influence supplier selection and motivate vertical integration, while cross-border compliance and documentation requirements increase operational overhead for manufacturers seeking to ship systems internationally.
As a result, many firms are reassessing procurement footprints and nearshoring opportunities to mitigate exposure to tariff volatility. Strategic inventory buffering and dual-sourcing for critical subassemblies are becoming more commonplace, and original equipment manufacturers are exploring shifted bill-of-materials strategies to preserve pricing competitiveness. In parallel, service-led offerings and software licensing models are being optimized to decouple revenue streams from hardware tariffs. These adaptations are shaping commercial negotiations and partnership structures in ways that emphasize modularity, supplier resilience, and regulatory alignment across jurisdictions.
Strategic segmentation insights across product, technology, application, and end-user dimensions to align product roadmaps and clinical validation strategies
Product-focused choices in the photoacoustic imaging industry reflect a diverse ecosystem of accessories, contrast agents, imaging systems, and software, each with distinct development priorities and commercialization pathways. Accessories include coupling media and transducers that are critical to performance consistency and user ergonomics, while contrast agents range from inorganic nanoparticles to organic dyes that are tailored to specific biological targets and regulatory pathways. Imaging systems span bench-top setups often used for preclinical validation and handheld systems designed for clinical and point-of-care deployment, and software offerings cover data analysis platforms as well as image processing suites that extract biomarkers and support clinician workflows.
Technological segmentation further differentiates the field into photoacoustic microscopy and photoacoustic tomography, with microscopy subdividing into acoustic-resolution and optical-resolution approaches; optical-resolution modalities may be implemented through raster scan or wide-field designs optimized for different trade-offs between throughput and resolution. Tomography implementations distinguish multispectral strategies that enable functional contrast from single-wavelength configurations that prioritize simplicity and speed. Application-driven segmentation highlights cardiology, dermatology, oncology, and ophthalmology use cases-cardiovascular workflows addressing atherosclerosis and vascular imaging, dermatology focusing on psoriasis and skin cancer assessment, oncology concentrated on breast cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancer detection, and ophthalmology pursuing choroidal and retinal imaging approaches. Finally, end-user segmentation encompasses clinics, diagnostic laboratories, hospitals, and research institutes, each bringing unique workflow requirements, purchasing cycles, and validation expectations that inform product design and commercialization tactics.
Taken together, these segmentation lenses provide a multidimensional view that helps vendors prioritize product roadmaps, regulatory strategies, and clinical partnerships according to the differential adoption cadence and reimbursement dynamics across user communities.
How regional regulatory landscapes, clinical priorities, and manufacturing ecosystems are driving differentiated adoption paths across the Americas, EMEA, and Asia-Pacific
Regional dynamics in photoacoustic imaging reflect differing regulatory frameworks, clinical priorities, and innovation ecosystems across the Americas, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific. In the Americas, academic-clinical partnerships and venture capital activity sustain translational programs that bridge preclinical feasibility to first-in-human studies, with a strong emphasis on oncology and vascular imaging clinical workflows. Meanwhile, Europe, Middle East & Africa hosts a mix of regulatory environments and collaborative research networks that often favor interoperable systems and strong evidence-generation through multicenter studies.
Asia-Pacific is characterized by rapid device adoption in surgical and point-of-care contexts, a growing domestic manufacturing base for optical and ultrasound subcomponents, and supportive government initiatives that facilitate clinical trials and local approval pathways. Across all regions, interoperability and standards for image data exchange are emerging as cross-cutting priorities, and differences in procurement practices and clinical pathway integration influence how vendors package hardware and software offerings. These regional distinctions should guide commercialization sequencing, local partnership development, and post-market surveillance strategies to ensure clinical acceptance and long-term sustainability.
Competitive ecosystem dynamics driven by systems integrators, component specialists, contrast-agent innovators, and software developers collaborating to accelerate clinical adoption
Competitive dynamics in the photoacoustic imaging space are shaped by a mix of specialist device firms, component suppliers, contrast-agent developers, and software innovators collaborating across the value chain. Leading system providers often combine optics and ultrasonics expertise with dedicated application teams to advance clinical studies and clinician adoption. At the component level, precision transducer manufacturers and laser component suppliers influence performance ceilings for new system generations, while contrast agent developers-ranging from nanoparticle chemists to dye formulators-drive application-specific differentiation.
Concurrently, software companies and academic spinouts are advancing reconstruction algorithms, image segmentation, and analytic tools that enable quantitative interpretation of photoacoustic signals. Strategic partnerships, licensing agreements, and co-development initiatives are common as firms seek to accelerate time-to-clinic and share regulatory burdens. For market entrants, collaboration with clinical centers and contract research organizations improves validation rigor, and for established players, investments in service models and software subscriptions are becoming a pathway to deeper customer engagement and recurring revenue. These dynamics point toward an ecosystem where interoperability, validated clinical use cases, and strong post-market evidence are key competitive differentiators.
Practical strategic actions for aligning modular product design, clinical evidence generation, and resilient commercialization models to accelerate modality adoption
Industry leaders should focus on an integrated strategy that synchronizes product development, clinical validation, and commercialization to accelerate adoption of photoacoustic imaging. First, prioritize modular hardware architectures and standardized interfaces that enable component-level updates and simplify regulatory change control. This approach reduces time-to-upgrade and allows teams to introduce improvements in laser sources, transducer arrays, or coupling modalities without full system requalification. Second, invest in robust data analysis and image processing capabilities that deliver clinician-ready outputs; validated biomarkers and tightly curated datasets will be essential for clinical acceptance and payer engagement.
Third, cultivate clinical partnerships early and structure multicenter studies to generate strong evidence across priority applications such as oncology and vascular imaging. Fourth, optimize supply-chain resiliency through diversified sourcing, nearshoring where strategically advantageous, and contractual flexibility to address tariff exposures and logistics disruptions. Finally, consider commercial models that combine device sales with software subscriptions and service contracts to create recurring revenue and deeper customer relationships. Taken together, these actions will position organizations to convert technological promise into sustainable clinical and commercial outcomes.
A transparent mixed-methods research framework combining primary stakeholder engagement and secondary evidence synthesis to produce validated strategic insights
The research approach underpinning these insights combined primary qualitative engagement with device manufacturers, clinical investigators, and software vendors alongside secondary analysis of peer-reviewed literature, regulatory filings, and conference proceedings. Primary engagements included structured interviews and targeted consultations to understand product roadmaps, validation timelines, and supply-chain strategies. Secondary sources were selected to capture the most recent clinical studies, technical white papers, and standards developments relevant to photoacoustic modalities.
Data synthesis emphasized cross-validation between stakeholder perspectives and documented evidence to ensure balanced conclusions. Technology trends were mapped against clinical readiness levels and regulatory requirements to identify practical commercialization pathways. Where possible, findings were corroborated through triangulation across multiple independent sources to minimize bias and enhance reliability. The methodology prioritized transparency in assumptions and traceability of source material to support robust decision-making by executive stakeholders.
Strategic synthesis of technological readiness, clinical evidence needs, and commercialization levers required to convert photoacoustic innovation into routine clinical practice
Photoacoustic imaging stands at an inflection point where technological maturity, computational advances, and evolving clinical evidence are converging to create viable clinical applications. The modality’s unique capacity for functional, high-contrast imaging opens opportunities across oncology, dermatology, cardiology, and ophthalmology, while system form-factor diversification supports applications ranging from research platforms to point-of-care devices. However, realizing broader clinical adoption requires coordinated strategies that address hardware modularity, validated contrast strategies, robust analytic software, and regulatory clarity.
In summary, organizations that align product architectures with clinical workflows, invest in demonstrable biomarkers, and build resilient supply and commercial models will be best positioned to benefit as healthcare providers evaluate and adopt photoacoustic imaging solutions. Strategic collaborations, evidence generation, and adaptable business models are essential levers to translate technological capability into sustained clinical impact.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
An integrative overview of photoacoustic imaging technology evolution and clinical translation dynamics shaping device form factors and analytical toolchains
Photoacoustic imaging is converging optics, acoustics, and advanced signal processing to deliver high-contrast, label-free visualization across vascular, dermatological, oncological, and ocular domains. Recent advances in laser sources, ultrasound transducer arrays, and computational algorithms have reduced barriers to clinical translation by improving spatial resolution, deep-tissue penetration, and multispectral capability. Consequently, stakeholders including device developers, clinical investigators, and imaging software vendors are accelerating collaborations to validate diagnostic and interventional use cases.
Transitioning from laboratory demonstrations to regulated clinical products requires alignment across hardware form factors, contrast strategies, and analytic pipelines. Bench-top systems remain essential for preclinical validation while handheld and point-of-care designs are gaining interest for bedside applications. Simultaneously, the maturation of contrast agents and multimodal imaging protocols is expanding the modality’s diagnostic reach. As this technology moves toward broader clinical adoption, robust data analysis and image processing tools will be central to converting richer photoacoustic datasets into clinically meaningful biomarkers and decision support outputs.
How miniaturization, multispectral acquisition, and advanced computational imaging are collectively redefining clinical use cases and commercialization routes
The landscape of photoacoustic imaging is undergoing transformative shifts driven by improvements in system integration, miniaturization, and computational imaging. Advances in laser diode technology and compact pulsed sources have enabled smaller, safer, and more power-efficient platforms, which in turn are supporting the development of handheld and bedside devices. Concurrently, the transition from single-wavelength to multispectral acquisitions is enabling functional imaging that differentiates tissue chromophores and monitors physiological parameters noninvasively.
In parallel, software innovations-particularly in image reconstruction, denoising, and feature extraction-are unlocking clinically actionable outputs. Machine learning and model-based inversion techniques are improving image fidelity and enabling faster processing pipelines suitable for point-of-care workflows. Moreover, incremental regulatory acceptance of hybrid imaging modalities and growing clinical evidence in oncology and vascular applications are shifting investment toward integrated solutions that bundle hardware, optimized contrast strategies, and validated analytic software. These convergent trends are redefining product roadmaps and creating new routes for commercialization.
How 2025 tariff changes are reshaping sourcing strategies, supply-chain architecture, and commercial models for medical imaging device manufacturers
Tariff regimes and trade policy adjustments in 2025 have introduced new layers of complexity for suppliers and buyers of medical imaging equipment and components, affecting sourcing strategies, supply-chain agility, and cost structures. Component-level tariffs on optical assemblies, semiconductor drivers, and precision transducers can influence supplier selection and motivate vertical integration, while cross-border compliance and documentation requirements increase operational overhead for manufacturers seeking to ship systems internationally.
As a result, many firms are reassessing procurement footprints and nearshoring opportunities to mitigate exposure to tariff volatility. Strategic inventory buffering and dual-sourcing for critical subassemblies are becoming more commonplace, and original equipment manufacturers are exploring shifted bill-of-materials strategies to preserve pricing competitiveness. In parallel, service-led offerings and software licensing models are being optimized to decouple revenue streams from hardware tariffs. These adaptations are shaping commercial negotiations and partnership structures in ways that emphasize modularity, supplier resilience, and regulatory alignment across jurisdictions.
Strategic segmentation insights across product, technology, application, and end-user dimensions to align product roadmaps and clinical validation strategies
Product-focused choices in the photoacoustic imaging industry reflect a diverse ecosystem of accessories, contrast agents, imaging systems, and software, each with distinct development priorities and commercialization pathways. Accessories include coupling media and transducers that are critical to performance consistency and user ergonomics, while contrast agents range from inorganic nanoparticles to organic dyes that are tailored to specific biological targets and regulatory pathways. Imaging systems span bench-top setups often used for preclinical validation and handheld systems designed for clinical and point-of-care deployment, and software offerings cover data analysis platforms as well as image processing suites that extract biomarkers and support clinician workflows.
Technological segmentation further differentiates the field into photoacoustic microscopy and photoacoustic tomography, with microscopy subdividing into acoustic-resolution and optical-resolution approaches; optical-resolution modalities may be implemented through raster scan or wide-field designs optimized for different trade-offs between throughput and resolution. Tomography implementations distinguish multispectral strategies that enable functional contrast from single-wavelength configurations that prioritize simplicity and speed. Application-driven segmentation highlights cardiology, dermatology, oncology, and ophthalmology use cases-cardiovascular workflows addressing atherosclerosis and vascular imaging, dermatology focusing on psoriasis and skin cancer assessment, oncology concentrated on breast cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancer detection, and ophthalmology pursuing choroidal and retinal imaging approaches. Finally, end-user segmentation encompasses clinics, diagnostic laboratories, hospitals, and research institutes, each bringing unique workflow requirements, purchasing cycles, and validation expectations that inform product design and commercialization tactics.
Taken together, these segmentation lenses provide a multidimensional view that helps vendors prioritize product roadmaps, regulatory strategies, and clinical partnerships according to the differential adoption cadence and reimbursement dynamics across user communities.
How regional regulatory landscapes, clinical priorities, and manufacturing ecosystems are driving differentiated adoption paths across the Americas, EMEA, and Asia-Pacific
Regional dynamics in photoacoustic imaging reflect differing regulatory frameworks, clinical priorities, and innovation ecosystems across the Americas, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific. In the Americas, academic-clinical partnerships and venture capital activity sustain translational programs that bridge preclinical feasibility to first-in-human studies, with a strong emphasis on oncology and vascular imaging clinical workflows. Meanwhile, Europe, Middle East & Africa hosts a mix of regulatory environments and collaborative research networks that often favor interoperable systems and strong evidence-generation through multicenter studies.
Asia-Pacific is characterized by rapid device adoption in surgical and point-of-care contexts, a growing domestic manufacturing base for optical and ultrasound subcomponents, and supportive government initiatives that facilitate clinical trials and local approval pathways. Across all regions, interoperability and standards for image data exchange are emerging as cross-cutting priorities, and differences in procurement practices and clinical pathway integration influence how vendors package hardware and software offerings. These regional distinctions should guide commercialization sequencing, local partnership development, and post-market surveillance strategies to ensure clinical acceptance and long-term sustainability.
Competitive ecosystem dynamics driven by systems integrators, component specialists, contrast-agent innovators, and software developers collaborating to accelerate clinical adoption
Competitive dynamics in the photoacoustic imaging space are shaped by a mix of specialist device firms, component suppliers, contrast-agent developers, and software innovators collaborating across the value chain. Leading system providers often combine optics and ultrasonics expertise with dedicated application teams to advance clinical studies and clinician adoption. At the component level, precision transducer manufacturers and laser component suppliers influence performance ceilings for new system generations, while contrast agent developers-ranging from nanoparticle chemists to dye formulators-drive application-specific differentiation.
Concurrently, software companies and academic spinouts are advancing reconstruction algorithms, image segmentation, and analytic tools that enable quantitative interpretation of photoacoustic signals. Strategic partnerships, licensing agreements, and co-development initiatives are common as firms seek to accelerate time-to-clinic and share regulatory burdens. For market entrants, collaboration with clinical centers and contract research organizations improves validation rigor, and for established players, investments in service models and software subscriptions are becoming a pathway to deeper customer engagement and recurring revenue. These dynamics point toward an ecosystem where interoperability, validated clinical use cases, and strong post-market evidence are key competitive differentiators.
Practical strategic actions for aligning modular product design, clinical evidence generation, and resilient commercialization models to accelerate modality adoption
Industry leaders should focus on an integrated strategy that synchronizes product development, clinical validation, and commercialization to accelerate adoption of photoacoustic imaging. First, prioritize modular hardware architectures and standardized interfaces that enable component-level updates and simplify regulatory change control. This approach reduces time-to-upgrade and allows teams to introduce improvements in laser sources, transducer arrays, or coupling modalities without full system requalification. Second, invest in robust data analysis and image processing capabilities that deliver clinician-ready outputs; validated biomarkers and tightly curated datasets will be essential for clinical acceptance and payer engagement.
Third, cultivate clinical partnerships early and structure multicenter studies to generate strong evidence across priority applications such as oncology and vascular imaging. Fourth, optimize supply-chain resiliency through diversified sourcing, nearshoring where strategically advantageous, and contractual flexibility to address tariff exposures and logistics disruptions. Finally, consider commercial models that combine device sales with software subscriptions and service contracts to create recurring revenue and deeper customer relationships. Taken together, these actions will position organizations to convert technological promise into sustainable clinical and commercial outcomes.
A transparent mixed-methods research framework combining primary stakeholder engagement and secondary evidence synthesis to produce validated strategic insights
The research approach underpinning these insights combined primary qualitative engagement with device manufacturers, clinical investigators, and software vendors alongside secondary analysis of peer-reviewed literature, regulatory filings, and conference proceedings. Primary engagements included structured interviews and targeted consultations to understand product roadmaps, validation timelines, and supply-chain strategies. Secondary sources were selected to capture the most recent clinical studies, technical white papers, and standards developments relevant to photoacoustic modalities.
Data synthesis emphasized cross-validation between stakeholder perspectives and documented evidence to ensure balanced conclusions. Technology trends were mapped against clinical readiness levels and regulatory requirements to identify practical commercialization pathways. Where possible, findings were corroborated through triangulation across multiple independent sources to minimize bias and enhance reliability. The methodology prioritized transparency in assumptions and traceability of source material to support robust decision-making by executive stakeholders.
Strategic synthesis of technological readiness, clinical evidence needs, and commercialization levers required to convert photoacoustic innovation into routine clinical practice
Photoacoustic imaging stands at an inflection point where technological maturity, computational advances, and evolving clinical evidence are converging to create viable clinical applications. The modality’s unique capacity for functional, high-contrast imaging opens opportunities across oncology, dermatology, cardiology, and ophthalmology, while system form-factor diversification supports applications ranging from research platforms to point-of-care devices. However, realizing broader clinical adoption requires coordinated strategies that address hardware modularity, validated contrast strategies, robust analytic software, and regulatory clarity.
In summary, organizations that align product architectures with clinical workflows, invest in demonstrable biomarkers, and build resilient supply and commercial models will be best positioned to benefit as healthcare providers evaluate and adopt photoacoustic imaging solutions. Strategic collaborations, evidence generation, and adaptable business models are essential levers to translate technological capability into sustained clinical impact.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
193 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Integration of machine learning algorithms for improved photoacoustic image reconstruction and quantification
- 5.2. Development of handheld and wearable photoacoustic devices for real-time point of care diagnostics
- 5.3. Advancements in multispectral photoacoustic imaging for precise molecular and functional tissue characterization
- 5.4. Emerging applications of photoacoustic tomography in cardiovascular plaque detection and monitoring therapy response
- 5.5. Commercialization of contrast agent kits optimized for high resolution targeted photoacoustic tumor imaging
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Photoacoustic Imaging Market, by Product Type
- 8.1. Accessories
- 8.1.1. Coupling Media
- 8.1.2. Transducers
- 8.2. Contrast Agents
- 8.2.1. Inorganic Nanoparticles
- 8.2.2. Organic Dyes
- 8.3. Imaging Systems
- 8.3.1. Bench-Top Systems
- 8.3.2. Handheld Systems
- 8.4. Software
- 8.4.1. Data Analysis Software
- 8.4.2. Image Processing Software
- 9. Photoacoustic Imaging Market, by Technology
- 9.1. Photoacoustic Microscopy
- 9.1.1. Acoustic Resolution
- 9.1.2. Optical Resolution
- 9.2. Photoacoustic Tomography
- 9.2.1. Multispectral
- 9.2.2. Single Wavelength
- 10. Photoacoustic Imaging Market, by Application
- 10.1. Cardiovascular
- 10.1.1. Atherosclerosis
- 10.1.2. Vascular Imaging
- 10.2. Dermatology
- 10.2.1. Psoriasis
- 10.2.2. Skin Cancer
- 10.3. Oncology
- 10.3.1. Breast Cancer
- 10.3.2. Melanoma
- 10.3.3. Prostate Cancer
- 10.4. Ophthalmology
- 10.4.1. Choroidal Imaging
- 10.4.2. Retinal Imaging
- 11. Photoacoustic Imaging Market, by End User
- 11.1. Clinics
- 11.2. Diagnostic Laboratories
- 11.3. Hospitals
- 11.4. Research Institutes
- 12. Photoacoustic Imaging Market, by Region
- 12.1. Americas
- 12.1.1. North America
- 12.1.2. Latin America
- 12.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 12.2.1. Europe
- 12.2.2. Middle East
- 12.2.3. Africa
- 12.3. Asia-Pacific
- 13. Photoacoustic Imaging Market, by Group
- 13.1. ASEAN
- 13.2. GCC
- 13.3. European Union
- 13.4. BRICS
- 13.5. G7
- 13.6. NATO
- 14. Photoacoustic Imaging Market, by Country
- 14.1. United States
- 14.2. Canada
- 14.3. Mexico
- 14.4. Brazil
- 14.5. United Kingdom
- 14.6. Germany
- 14.7. France
- 14.8. Russia
- 14.9. Italy
- 14.10. Spain
- 14.11. China
- 14.12. India
- 14.13. Japan
- 14.14. Australia
- 14.15. South Korea
- 15. Competitive Landscape
- 15.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 15.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 15.3. Competitive Analysis
- 15.3.1. Bruker Corporation
- 15.3.2. Canon Medical Systems Corporation
- 15.3.3. Cyberdyne, Inc.
- 15.3.4. EKSPLA UAB
- 15.3.5. Endra Life Sciences Ltd.
- 15.3.6. FUJIFILM VisualSonics Inc.
- 15.3.7. GE HealthCare, Inc.
- 15.3.8. HÜBNER Photonics GmbH
- 15.3.9. iThera Medical GmbH
- 15.3.10. Koninklijke Philips N.V.
- 15.3.11. Micro Photo Acoustics, Inc.
- 15.3.12. PA Imaging R&D B.V.
- 15.3.13. PreXion Corporation
- 15.3.14. Seno Medical Instruments, Inc.
- 15.3.15. Siemens Healthineers AG
- 15.3.16. Teem Photonics S.A.
- 15.3.17. TomoWave Laboratories LLC
- 15.3.18. Verasonics, Inc.
- 15.3.19. Vibronix, Inc.
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