Petroleum Coke Market by Product Type (Calcined Coke, Fuel Grade), Form (Honeycomb Coke, Needle Coke, Shot Coke), Sulfur Content, Application, End-User Industry, Distribution Channel - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Petroleum Coke Market was valued at USD 23.58 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 24.94 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 5.96%, reaching USD 37.50 billion by 2032.
Petroleum Coke Market Executive Summary Introduction Highlighting the Scope Dynamics and Strategic Imperatives Shaping Industry Evolution and Growth Drivers
The petroleum coke market has emerged as a critical pillar within the global energy and manufacturing ecosystem, offering significant value through both fuel-grade and specialized calcined grades. This executive summary sets the stage by examining the fundamental nature of petroleum coke-an abundant carbonaceous byproduct derived from crude oil refining-and its pivotal role across industries ranging from steel production to energy utilities. With ongoing shifts in global energy policy, environmental regulation, and end-user demand patterns, understanding the breadth and complexity of the petroleum coke market is more crucial than ever.
Against this backdrop, stakeholders face mounting pressure to navigate evolving compliance frameworks, optimize supply chains, and harness technological innovation to drive greater efficiency and sustainability. As markets strive to balance cost-effectiveness with environmental stewardship, the unique characteristics of petroleum coke-such as sulfur content and calorific value-become defining factors in strategic decision-making. This introduction crystallizes the scope of this analysis, outlining the key drivers and challenges that will be explored in depth within each subsequent section.
Transformative Shifts Redefining Global Petroleum Coke Landscape Fueled by Technological Advancements Regulatory Changes and Evolving Energy Demands
The landscape of petroleum coke continues to be reshaped by a confluence of transformative forces, ranging from digital supply chain innovations to tightening environmental regulations. In recent years, advancements in refining technologies have enabled greater control over sulfur removal and coke morphology, enhancing the value proposition of both fuel-grade and calcined grades. Consequently, refiners are increasingly investing in state-of-the-art coking units to optimize yields and align their output profiles with the exacting requirements of anode production and other high-value applications.
At the same time, global decarbonization efforts have spurred demand for lower sulfur materials while catalyzing research into carbon capture and utilization strategies that leverage petroleum coke as a potential feedstock. This shift is further reinforced by growing interest in circular economy principles, compelling both end users and producers to explore innovative pathways for reprocessing and revalorizing byproducts. Moreover, the advent of Industry 4.0 has injected new levels of transparency and agility into logistics networks, enabling real-time tracking of shipments and dynamic inventory management to mitigate price volatility and supply disruptions. Through these intersecting dynamics, the market is experiencing a fundamental reorientation toward cleaner, more efficient, and digitally empowered operations.
Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs in 2025 on Petroleum Coke Trade Dynamics Supply Chains and Competitive Positioning Across Key Market Verticals
The introduction of new tariffs by the United States in 2025 has injected a fresh layer of complexity into the global petroleum coke trade. By imposing additional duties on imported coke from select regions, these measures have compelled refiners and industrial consumers to reassess the composition of their supply sources. As importers experience increased landed costs, many have turned to alternative suppliers with more favorable trade terms or have accelerated investments in domestic coking capacity to mitigate exposure to external tariff fluctuations.
These adjustments have rippled through logistics networks, prompting cargo rerouting, shelf‐stock accumulation strategies, and renegotiation of long‐term supply contracts. Downstream processors, particularly in sectors such as cement and power generation, have been forced to reevaluate fuel procurement models to preserve margin stability. Meanwhile, certain chemical feedstock producers have leveraged tariff‐driven price realignments to secure preferential supply agreements with low-sulfur producers, reinforcing the strategic interplay between regulatory policy and material specification. Taken together, the 2025 tariff regime underscores how geopolitical developments continue to shape competitive positioning and operational resilience within the petroleum coke marketplace.
Key Insights into Market Segmentation Revealing Product Type Form Sulfur Content Application and Distribution Channel Trends Shaping Industry Demand Patterns
Understanding the petroleum coke market requires a nuanced appreciation of its varied segments, each with distinct performance drivers and value propositions. In terms of product type, calcined coke holds prominence in high-value applications such as anode production, where purity and electrical conductivity are paramount, while fuel-grade coke remains integral to cement kilns and power generation due to its high calorific content. When considering the physical form, the porous structure of honeycomb coke can facilitate superior heat transfer, whereas the denser needle coke is prized for its uniform microstructure in graphite electrode manufacturing. Conversely, shot coke and sponge coke occupy specific niches defined by their particle morphology and sulfur retention characteristics.
Sulfur content further subdivides the market, with high-sulfur grades typically deployed in energy-intensive applications where emissions controls are less stringent, mid-sulfur variants striking a balance between cost and environmental impact, and low-sulfur materials commanding premium value in regulated geographies. Application-wise, the use of petroleum coke in carbon additive formulations and chemical intermediates underscores its versatility beyond combustion, while its role in anode manufacturing continues to benefit from growth in electric vehicle battery production. Distribution channels also play a decisive role, as traditional offline networks coexist with digital platforms that facilitate direct transactions via company websites and e-commerce marketplaces, expanding market reach and improving transparency.
Regional Insights Unveiling Strategic Growth and Market Dynamics Across Americas Europe Middle East Africa and Asia Pacific Petroleum Coke Sectors
Regional dynamics exert a profound influence on petroleum coke availability, pricing, and consumption patterns. In the Americas, the United States and Canada together constitute a mature market driven by refiners seeking to maximize barrel yields and by stable demand from cement and steel producers. Mexico’s strategic location has also positioned it as both a significant export hub and an emerging consumer in its own right, reflecting domestic infrastructure investments.
Across Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, disparate regulatory regimes create a mosaic of demand profiles. Western European nations, guided by stringent emissions targets, show strong preference for low-sulfur calcined coke, while Middle Eastern refineries leverage low-cost feedstocks to produce both fuel-grade and specialty grades for export. In Africa, rising industrialization is catalyzing nascent demand for bulk fuel-grade coke, even as infrastructure challenges temper rapid capacity expansions.
Meanwhile, the Asia-Pacific region remains the largest consumer of petroleum coke globally. China’s expansive steel and aluminum industries drive robust demand, complemented by Japan and South Korea’s emphasis on high-purity needle coke for electronics and battery applications. Southeast Asian economies, bolstered by infrastructure development, are also emerging as dynamic markets for both fuel-grade and industrial-grade coke variants.
Competitive Landscape and Leading Companies Driving Innovation Investment and Strategic Partnerships in the Petroleum Coke Value Chain Globally
The competitive landscape of the petroleum coke market is characterized by both vertically integrated energy majors and specialized producers. Integrated oil companies leverage their refining assets to maintain consistent coke supply, while independents often focus on niche grades or custom calcination services. Across the value chain, several leading organizations have distinguished themselves through strategic acquisitions, joint ventures, and technology partnerships aimed at improving product quality and operational efficiency.
Investment in decarbonization initiatives and emissions control technologies has become a key differentiator among top-tier producers. Some firms have pioneered proprietary calcination processes that reduce sulfur content without compromising carbon purity, thereby expanding end-use applications. Others have forged alliances with battery and graphite electrode manufacturers to tailor needle coke specifications, capturing higher-margin segments. Additionally, digital transformation efforts-including advanced analytics for yield optimization and predictive maintenance-are being deployed to enhance asset uptime and supply chain visibility.
By aligning business models with evolving customer requirements and regulatory expectations, these companies are not only safeguarding market share but also setting new performance benchmarks. Their innovation roadmaps and strategic collaborations will likely continue to influence downstream pricing structures and service level standards.
Actionable Recommendations for Industry Leaders to Navigate Regulatory Complexities Leverage Technological Breakthroughs and Capitalize on Emerging Market Opportunities
Industry leaders can enhance their competitive positioning by adopting a multifaceted strategy that balances cost optimization, risk mitigation, and value creation. A primary recommendation is to diversify supply portfolios through geographic and supplier mix adjustments, thereby reducing reliance on any single origin or tariff-impacted region. This should be complemented by strategic inventory management protocols that leverage real-time market intelligence to inform stock levels and transportation scheduling.
Investing in advanced calcination and sulfur reduction technologies will enable producers to cater to high-value applications while preempting regulatory constraints. At the same time, forging collaborative partnerships with end users-particularly in battery, aluminum, and steel sectors-can facilitate custom coke formulations that command premium pricing. To further differentiate, companies should explore digital solutions for process optimization, logistics transparency, and customer engagement, ensuring seamless integration across the value chain.
Finally, a proactive regulatory affairs function is essential to anticipate policy shifts, navigate tariff landscapes, and secure preferential trade agreements. By aligning corporate strategy with sustainability objectives-such as carbon footprint reduction and circular economy initiatives-organizations can reinforce their market resilience and reputational capital in an increasingly ESG-driven business environment.
Comprehensive Research Methodology Detailing Data Collection Validation Analytical Frameworks and Expert Interviews Underpinning the Petroleum Coke Industry Analysis
This research draws on a blend of primary and secondary methodologies to ensure robust, defensible insights. Initial data collection involved in-depth interviews with senior industry executives, technical experts, and strategic buyers across multiple regions, providing firsthand perspectives on operational challenges, investment priorities, and emerging trends. These qualitative inputs were augmented by a comprehensive review of corporate disclosures, industry journals, regulatory filings, and trade association publications.
Quantitative analysis was performed through meticulous data triangulation, cross-referencing production statistics, trade flow records, and pricing indices. An analytical framework segmented the market by product type, physical form, sulfur content, application, end-user industry, and distribution channel, then mapped these against regional consumption patterns and tariff scenarios. All findings were validated through a multi-stage review process involving subject-matter advisors and peer benchmarking to ensure accuracy, relevance, and strategic applicability.
Conclusion Synthesizing Key Findings Market Implications and Strategic Considerations for Stakeholders in the Evolving Petroleum Coke Ecosystem
In summary, the petroleum coke market is undergoing rapid transformation driven by regulatory reforms, technological progress, and shifting consumption paradigms. The 2025 United States tariff measures have underscored the need for supply chain agility and proactive risk management, while segmentation dynamics continue to reveal distinct value pools across product types, sulfur content tiers, and end-use applications. Regional disparities in demand and regulatory intensity further accentuate the importance of tailored strategies for producers and consumers alike.
As competition intensifies, leading organizations are differentiating through sustainability investments, process innovations, and collaborative partnerships that align product specifications with emerging end-user requirements. The recommendations outlined herein offer a strategic roadmap for navigating policy complexities, capitalizing on market segment growth, and future-proofing operations against volatility. By leveraging these insights, stakeholders can position themselves to thrive amid the evolving landscape and unlock new avenues for value creation.
Please Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Petroleum Coke Market Executive Summary Introduction Highlighting the Scope Dynamics and Strategic Imperatives Shaping Industry Evolution and Growth Drivers
The petroleum coke market has emerged as a critical pillar within the global energy and manufacturing ecosystem, offering significant value through both fuel-grade and specialized calcined grades. This executive summary sets the stage by examining the fundamental nature of petroleum coke-an abundant carbonaceous byproduct derived from crude oil refining-and its pivotal role across industries ranging from steel production to energy utilities. With ongoing shifts in global energy policy, environmental regulation, and end-user demand patterns, understanding the breadth and complexity of the petroleum coke market is more crucial than ever.
Against this backdrop, stakeholders face mounting pressure to navigate evolving compliance frameworks, optimize supply chains, and harness technological innovation to drive greater efficiency and sustainability. As markets strive to balance cost-effectiveness with environmental stewardship, the unique characteristics of petroleum coke-such as sulfur content and calorific value-become defining factors in strategic decision-making. This introduction crystallizes the scope of this analysis, outlining the key drivers and challenges that will be explored in depth within each subsequent section.
Transformative Shifts Redefining Global Petroleum Coke Landscape Fueled by Technological Advancements Regulatory Changes and Evolving Energy Demands
The landscape of petroleum coke continues to be reshaped by a confluence of transformative forces, ranging from digital supply chain innovations to tightening environmental regulations. In recent years, advancements in refining technologies have enabled greater control over sulfur removal and coke morphology, enhancing the value proposition of both fuel-grade and calcined grades. Consequently, refiners are increasingly investing in state-of-the-art coking units to optimize yields and align their output profiles with the exacting requirements of anode production and other high-value applications.
At the same time, global decarbonization efforts have spurred demand for lower sulfur materials while catalyzing research into carbon capture and utilization strategies that leverage petroleum coke as a potential feedstock. This shift is further reinforced by growing interest in circular economy principles, compelling both end users and producers to explore innovative pathways for reprocessing and revalorizing byproducts. Moreover, the advent of Industry 4.0 has injected new levels of transparency and agility into logistics networks, enabling real-time tracking of shipments and dynamic inventory management to mitigate price volatility and supply disruptions. Through these intersecting dynamics, the market is experiencing a fundamental reorientation toward cleaner, more efficient, and digitally empowered operations.
Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs in 2025 on Petroleum Coke Trade Dynamics Supply Chains and Competitive Positioning Across Key Market Verticals
The introduction of new tariffs by the United States in 2025 has injected a fresh layer of complexity into the global petroleum coke trade. By imposing additional duties on imported coke from select regions, these measures have compelled refiners and industrial consumers to reassess the composition of their supply sources. As importers experience increased landed costs, many have turned to alternative suppliers with more favorable trade terms or have accelerated investments in domestic coking capacity to mitigate exposure to external tariff fluctuations.
These adjustments have rippled through logistics networks, prompting cargo rerouting, shelf‐stock accumulation strategies, and renegotiation of long‐term supply contracts. Downstream processors, particularly in sectors such as cement and power generation, have been forced to reevaluate fuel procurement models to preserve margin stability. Meanwhile, certain chemical feedstock producers have leveraged tariff‐driven price realignments to secure preferential supply agreements with low-sulfur producers, reinforcing the strategic interplay between regulatory policy and material specification. Taken together, the 2025 tariff regime underscores how geopolitical developments continue to shape competitive positioning and operational resilience within the petroleum coke marketplace.
Key Insights into Market Segmentation Revealing Product Type Form Sulfur Content Application and Distribution Channel Trends Shaping Industry Demand Patterns
Understanding the petroleum coke market requires a nuanced appreciation of its varied segments, each with distinct performance drivers and value propositions. In terms of product type, calcined coke holds prominence in high-value applications such as anode production, where purity and electrical conductivity are paramount, while fuel-grade coke remains integral to cement kilns and power generation due to its high calorific content. When considering the physical form, the porous structure of honeycomb coke can facilitate superior heat transfer, whereas the denser needle coke is prized for its uniform microstructure in graphite electrode manufacturing. Conversely, shot coke and sponge coke occupy specific niches defined by their particle morphology and sulfur retention characteristics.
Sulfur content further subdivides the market, with high-sulfur grades typically deployed in energy-intensive applications where emissions controls are less stringent, mid-sulfur variants striking a balance between cost and environmental impact, and low-sulfur materials commanding premium value in regulated geographies. Application-wise, the use of petroleum coke in carbon additive formulations and chemical intermediates underscores its versatility beyond combustion, while its role in anode manufacturing continues to benefit from growth in electric vehicle battery production. Distribution channels also play a decisive role, as traditional offline networks coexist with digital platforms that facilitate direct transactions via company websites and e-commerce marketplaces, expanding market reach and improving transparency.
Regional Insights Unveiling Strategic Growth and Market Dynamics Across Americas Europe Middle East Africa and Asia Pacific Petroleum Coke Sectors
Regional dynamics exert a profound influence on petroleum coke availability, pricing, and consumption patterns. In the Americas, the United States and Canada together constitute a mature market driven by refiners seeking to maximize barrel yields and by stable demand from cement and steel producers. Mexico’s strategic location has also positioned it as both a significant export hub and an emerging consumer in its own right, reflecting domestic infrastructure investments.
Across Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, disparate regulatory regimes create a mosaic of demand profiles. Western European nations, guided by stringent emissions targets, show strong preference for low-sulfur calcined coke, while Middle Eastern refineries leverage low-cost feedstocks to produce both fuel-grade and specialty grades for export. In Africa, rising industrialization is catalyzing nascent demand for bulk fuel-grade coke, even as infrastructure challenges temper rapid capacity expansions.
Meanwhile, the Asia-Pacific region remains the largest consumer of petroleum coke globally. China’s expansive steel and aluminum industries drive robust demand, complemented by Japan and South Korea’s emphasis on high-purity needle coke for electronics and battery applications. Southeast Asian economies, bolstered by infrastructure development, are also emerging as dynamic markets for both fuel-grade and industrial-grade coke variants.
Competitive Landscape and Leading Companies Driving Innovation Investment and Strategic Partnerships in the Petroleum Coke Value Chain Globally
The competitive landscape of the petroleum coke market is characterized by both vertically integrated energy majors and specialized producers. Integrated oil companies leverage their refining assets to maintain consistent coke supply, while independents often focus on niche grades or custom calcination services. Across the value chain, several leading organizations have distinguished themselves through strategic acquisitions, joint ventures, and technology partnerships aimed at improving product quality and operational efficiency.
Investment in decarbonization initiatives and emissions control technologies has become a key differentiator among top-tier producers. Some firms have pioneered proprietary calcination processes that reduce sulfur content without compromising carbon purity, thereby expanding end-use applications. Others have forged alliances with battery and graphite electrode manufacturers to tailor needle coke specifications, capturing higher-margin segments. Additionally, digital transformation efforts-including advanced analytics for yield optimization and predictive maintenance-are being deployed to enhance asset uptime and supply chain visibility.
By aligning business models with evolving customer requirements and regulatory expectations, these companies are not only safeguarding market share but also setting new performance benchmarks. Their innovation roadmaps and strategic collaborations will likely continue to influence downstream pricing structures and service level standards.
Actionable Recommendations for Industry Leaders to Navigate Regulatory Complexities Leverage Technological Breakthroughs and Capitalize on Emerging Market Opportunities
Industry leaders can enhance their competitive positioning by adopting a multifaceted strategy that balances cost optimization, risk mitigation, and value creation. A primary recommendation is to diversify supply portfolios through geographic and supplier mix adjustments, thereby reducing reliance on any single origin or tariff-impacted region. This should be complemented by strategic inventory management protocols that leverage real-time market intelligence to inform stock levels and transportation scheduling.
Investing in advanced calcination and sulfur reduction technologies will enable producers to cater to high-value applications while preempting regulatory constraints. At the same time, forging collaborative partnerships with end users-particularly in battery, aluminum, and steel sectors-can facilitate custom coke formulations that command premium pricing. To further differentiate, companies should explore digital solutions for process optimization, logistics transparency, and customer engagement, ensuring seamless integration across the value chain.
Finally, a proactive regulatory affairs function is essential to anticipate policy shifts, navigate tariff landscapes, and secure preferential trade agreements. By aligning corporate strategy with sustainability objectives-such as carbon footprint reduction and circular economy initiatives-organizations can reinforce their market resilience and reputational capital in an increasingly ESG-driven business environment.
Comprehensive Research Methodology Detailing Data Collection Validation Analytical Frameworks and Expert Interviews Underpinning the Petroleum Coke Industry Analysis
This research draws on a blend of primary and secondary methodologies to ensure robust, defensible insights. Initial data collection involved in-depth interviews with senior industry executives, technical experts, and strategic buyers across multiple regions, providing firsthand perspectives on operational challenges, investment priorities, and emerging trends. These qualitative inputs were augmented by a comprehensive review of corporate disclosures, industry journals, regulatory filings, and trade association publications.
Quantitative analysis was performed through meticulous data triangulation, cross-referencing production statistics, trade flow records, and pricing indices. An analytical framework segmented the market by product type, physical form, sulfur content, application, end-user industry, and distribution channel, then mapped these against regional consumption patterns and tariff scenarios. All findings were validated through a multi-stage review process involving subject-matter advisors and peer benchmarking to ensure accuracy, relevance, and strategic applicability.
Conclusion Synthesizing Key Findings Market Implications and Strategic Considerations for Stakeholders in the Evolving Petroleum Coke Ecosystem
In summary, the petroleum coke market is undergoing rapid transformation driven by regulatory reforms, technological progress, and shifting consumption paradigms. The 2025 United States tariff measures have underscored the need for supply chain agility and proactive risk management, while segmentation dynamics continue to reveal distinct value pools across product types, sulfur content tiers, and end-use applications. Regional disparities in demand and regulatory intensity further accentuate the importance of tailored strategies for producers and consumers alike.
As competition intensifies, leading organizations are differentiating through sustainability investments, process innovations, and collaborative partnerships that align product specifications with emerging end-user requirements. The recommendations outlined herein offer a strategic roadmap for navigating policy complexities, capitalizing on market segment growth, and future-proofing operations against volatility. By leveraging these insights, stakeholders can position themselves to thrive amid the evolving landscape and unlock new avenues for value creation.
Please Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
184 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Emerging shift towards cleaner technologies in petroleum coke production processes
- 5.2. Integration of digital technologies in petroleum coke supply chain management
- 5.3. Increasing adoption of petroleum coke as a cost-effective fuel alternative in industries
- 5.4. Advancements in desulfurization techniques for cleaner petroleum coke
- 5.5. Fluctuating crude oil prices influencing the petroleum coke market dynamics
- 5.6. Strategic partnerships between petrochemical companies to innovate petroleum coke by-products and derivatives
- 5.7. Integration of petcoke with renewable energy projects to optimize energy output and cost
- 5.8. Rising investments in upgrading petroleum coke refining techniques for quality improvement
- 5.9. Growing environmental regulations impacting petroleum coke manufacturing standards
- 5.10. Increasing use of petroleum coke in cement production to reduce carbon footprint
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Petroleum Coke Market, by Product Type
- 8.1. Calcined Coke
- 8.2. Fuel Grade
- 9. Petroleum Coke Market, by Form
- 9.1. Honeycomb Coke
- 9.2. Needle Coke
- 9.3. Shot Coke
- 9.4. Sponge Coke
- 10. Petroleum Coke Market, by Sulfur Content
- 10.1. High-Sulfur (>4%)
- 10.2. Low-Sulfur (<2%)
- 10.3. Mid-Sulfur (2-4%)
- 11. Petroleum Coke Market, by Application
- 11.1. Anode Production
- 11.2. Carbon Additives
- 11.3. Chemical Feedstock
- 11.4. Fuel
- 11.4.1. Cement Kilns
- 11.4.2. Power Plants
- 11.5. Graphite Electrodes
- 12. Petroleum Coke Market, by End-User Industry
- 12.1. Chemical
- 12.2. Construction
- 12.3. Energy & Utilities
- 12.4. Steel & Metallurgy
- 13. Petroleum Coke Market, by Distribution Channel
- 13.1. Offline
- 13.2. Online
- 13.2.1. Company Websites
- 13.2.2. E-commerce Platforms
- 14. Petroleum Coke Market, by Region
- 14.1. Americas
- 14.1.1. North America
- 14.1.2. Latin America
- 14.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 14.2.1. Europe
- 14.2.2. Middle East
- 14.2.3. Africa
- 14.3. Asia-Pacific
- 15. Petroleum Coke Market, by Group
- 15.1. ASEAN
- 15.2. GCC
- 15.3. European Union
- 15.4. BRICS
- 15.5. G7
- 15.6. NATO
- 16. Petroleum Coke Market, by Country
- 16.1. United States
- 16.2. Canada
- 16.3. Mexico
- 16.4. Brazil
- 16.5. United Kingdom
- 16.6. Germany
- 16.7. France
- 16.8. Russia
- 16.9. Italy
- 16.10. Spain
- 16.11. China
- 16.12. India
- 16.13. Japan
- 16.14. Australia
- 16.15. South Korea
- 17. Competitive Landscape
- 17.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 17.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 17.3. Competitive Analysis
- 17.3.1. BP plc
- 17.3.2. Chevron Corporation
- 17.3.3. Cenovus Inc.
- 17.3.4. China National Petroleum Corporation
- 17.3.5. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation
- 17.3.6. Exxon Mobil Corporation
- 17.3.7. GrafTech International Ltd.
- 17.3.8. HF Sinclair Corporation
- 17.3.9. Indian Oil Corporation
- 17.3.10. O.K.K. Koksovny, a.s.
- 17.3.11. Petrobras
- 17.3.12. Phillips 66 Company
- 17.3.13. PJSC LUKOIL
- 17.3.14. PJSC Rosneft Oil Company
- 17.3.15. Rain Carbon Inc.
- 17.3.16. Reliance Industries Limited
- 17.3.17. Renelux Cyprus Ltd.
- 17.3.18. Saudi Arabian Oil Company
- 17.3.19. Shell plc
- 17.3.20. TotalEnergies SE
- 17.3.21. Trammo, Inc.
- 17.3.22. Valero Energy Corporation
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