Oil Immersed Power Transformer Market by Type (Distribution, Power), Winding Material (Aluminum, Copper), Voltage Rating, Cooling Type, Application - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Oil Immersed Power Transformer Market was valued at USD 23.38 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 24.86 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 6.45%, reaching USD 38.56 billion by 2032.
An authoritative introduction that frames oil immersed power transformers as indispensable grid assets bridging traditional engineering and evolving operational priorities
Oil immersed power transformers remain a foundational element of contemporary power systems, delivering critical voltage transformation services across transmission, distribution, and industrial networks. These assets combine proven insulation and cooling approaches with robust winding and core designs to meet stringent reliability and safety requirements. Over time, manufacturers have refined construction techniques, materials selection, and testing protocols to optimize thermal performance, mechanical resilience, and lifecycle maintainability, thereby sustaining transformer relevance across evolving grid architectures.
As utilities and industrial end users pursue modernization, transformer selection increasingly reflects integrated criteria that extend beyond basic electrical specifications. Lifecycle cost, maintainability, fault tolerance, and adaptability to renewable integration now influence procurement decisions. Simultaneously, regulatory and environmental considerations shape transformer oil formulation, containment systems, and end-of-life handling practices. Consequently, engineers and asset managers must balance traditional design priorities with emergent operational requirements to ensure long-term serviceability and regulatory compliance.
A clear synthesis of transformative technological, regulatory, and supply chain shifts reshaping product design, maintenance models, and procurement practices
The landscape for oil immersed power transformers is transforming under converging technological, regulatory, and supply-driven forces that demand agile responses from manufacturers, utilities, and industrial consumers. Advancements in materials science have improved conductor and insulation performance, while thermal management innovations-ranging from enhanced cooling configurations to improved oil chemistries-support greater loadability and longevity. These developments are enabling higher reliability in harsher duty cycles and facilitating smoother integration with distributed energy resources and smart grid controls.
Concurrently, heightened attention to environmental stewardship and operational resilience is driving changes in design and service models. Non-PCB, low-flammability fluids and improved containment designs respond to regulatory stringency and environmental risk management, while condition-based monitoring and digital diagnostics unlock predictive maintenance practices that extend asset life and reduce unplanned outages. On the commercial front, supply chain complexity and component specialization are encouraging modular manufacturing approaches and strategic partnerships that accelerate innovation and ensure continuity of supply. Together, these shifts are reshaping procurement criteria, technical specifications, and aftermarket service models across the industry.
A concise analysis of how 2025 United States tariff measures reshaped sourcing, supplier strategies, and procurement risk management across the supply chain
Tariff policies and trade measures implemented by the United States in 2025 introduced new dynamics that suppliers, buyers, and project planners must account for in sourcing and procurement strategies. These measures influenced cost structures for imported components, reoriented supplier relationships, and prompted manufacturers to reassess global production footprints. For buyers, the immediate impact involved increased attention to supply chain transparency and verification of origin for critical components that underpin transformer assemblies.
In response, some manufacturers accelerated localization of high-value processes or qualified alternative suppliers to mitigate exposure to trade actions. Buyers adapted by diversifying their vendor base, incorporating total landed cost analyses into procurement decisions, and negotiating long-term supplier agreements that include risk-sharing clauses. Regulators and industry associations concurrently emphasized compliance readiness, documentation, and the importance of contingency planning to preserve project schedules and capital deployment. Over time, these adjustments contributed to a more granular approach to sourcing that blends cost efficiency with supply resilience and regulatory adherence.
A comprehensive segmentation-driven analysis revealing how winding material, type, voltage rating, cooling approach, and application influence specification and lifecycle outcomes
Segmentation provides a structured lens through which to interpret product choices, service requirements, and lifecycle implications for oil immersed transformers. Based on winding material, the market is studied across aluminum and copper, and that distinction remains central because conductor material drives thermal behavior, short-circuit strength, and cost-performance trade-offs. Aluminum windings typically offer weight and cost advantages that suit many distribution-focused installations, whereas copper windings deliver superior electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness that are often preferred for higher-stress power and transmission applications.
Based on type, the market is studied across distribution and power, and this separation clarifies design emphasis: distribution units prioritize compactness, ease of installation, and frequent loading variability, while power transformers emphasize thermal inertia, fault withstand capability, and higher voltage insulation systems. Based on voltage rating, the market is studied across 110 to 220 KV, above 220 KV, and up to 110 KV, which informs insulation strategies, clearances, and long-term maintenance regimes. Based on cooling type, the market is studied across OFAF, OFWF, ONAF, and ONAN, with the ONAF category further studied across external fan and internal fan configurations; cooling approach fundamentally affects thermal gradients, loading margins, and auxiliary systems design. Based on application, the market is studied across distribution, industrial, and transmission, and the industrial category is further studied across manufacturing, mining, and oil and gas, which underscores how operating environment and duty cycles drive specification and service expectations.
Integrating these segmentation perspectives enables a nuanced assessment of suitability, procurement priorities, and aftermarket strategies. For instance, a heavy industrial application in mining that demands high short-circuit performance will gravitate toward copper windings and robust cooling schemes, while compact urban distribution networks may favor aluminum windings and ONAN configurations to minimize footprint. Similarly, voltage rating interplay with cooling type determines whether auxiliary cooling assets or passive designs best meet reliability targets. Thus, segmentation is not merely categorical; it informs engineering trade-offs, lifecycle planning, and supplier evaluation in a practical, applied manner.
A regionally nuanced view that explains how Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific dynamics shape product demand, standards, and aftermarket expectations
Regional dynamics exert distinct influences on technology adoption, regulatory frameworks, and supply chain priorities for oil immersed transformers. In the Americas, aging infrastructure renewal programs and growing renewable interconnections are prompting investments in reliable distribution and transmission assets, while regulatory emphasis on environmental incident prevention shapes transformer oil selection and containment practices. Consequently, buyers in this region often prioritize retrofit-friendly designs, accessible spares, and condition-monitoring integration to extend service life and improve grid reliability.
In Europe, Middle East & Africa, regulatory heterogeneity, varying investment rhythms, and diverse climatic conditions create a spectrum of requirements. Western Europe’s stringent environmental standards and advanced grid modernization create demand for low-flammability fluids and digital monitoring, whereas certain markets in the Middle East and Africa emphasize high-temperature performance, robust mechanical construction, and solutions that accommodate remote maintenance challenges. Across these territories, interoperability and adherence to regional standards remain vital considerations.
In Asia-Pacific, rapid electrification, expansive industrial growth, and significant infrastructure projects drive strong demand for both distribution and power transformers. Manufacturers and utilities in this region confront a wide range of ambient conditions and duty cycles, and therefore solutions that balance cost, reliability, and adaptability are in high demand. Collectively, these regional contours shape product development roadmaps, aftermarket service models, and cross-border supply strategies that manufacturers and buyers must align with to succeed.
An incisive look at how leading manufacturers differentiate through engineering excellence, localized production, digital services, and lifecycle-oriented aftermarket offerings
The competitive and collaborative environment among leading transformer manufacturers reflects a blend of long-standing engineering expertise and emergent capabilities in digitalization, materials innovation, and service delivery. Companies differentiate through specialization in high-voltage capabilities, customized engineering for industrial sectors, and expanded aftermarket portfolios that include condition monitoring, rapid-response refurbishment, and retrofit services. Strategic partnerships with component suppliers and technology vendors enable firms to embed advanced diagnostics and thermal management upgrades into new and existing units.
At the same time, many suppliers pursue modular design philosophies to reduce lead times and simplify maintenance, while others invest in localized manufacturing or assembly hubs to address regional procurement sensitivities and tariff-related exposure. Service differentiation increasingly centers on lifecycle outcomes: firms that can demonstrate reduced downtime, extended service intervals, and transparent maintenance data command a competitive advantage. Buyers respond by favoring suppliers that combine technical excellence with predictable service delivery and documented performance under real-world operating conditions.
Actionable recommendations for manufacturers and buyers to enhance resilience, integrate diagnostics, adopt safer fluids, and standardize modular designs for competitive advantage
Industry leaders should pursue a set of coordinated actions that align product development, supply chain resilience, and customer-facing services to capture near-term opportunities and reduce operational risk. First, integrate advanced diagnostics and condition-based maintenance offerings into standard product configurations to shift from reactive repair models to predictive support frameworks that lower lifecycle cost and improve reliability. Second, prioritize supply chain transparency and dual-sourcing strategies for critical components to mitigate exposure to trade measures and logistical disruptions.
Next, accelerate adoption of low-flammability and environmentally considerate dielectric fluids alongside improved containment designs to satisfy regulatory scrutiny and reduce environmental risk. Simultaneously, embrace modular design and standardized interfaces that enable faster customization, reduce lead times, and simplify aftermarket inventory management. Finally, invest in customer enablement through training, digital dashboards, and collaborative service agreements that align incentives and clarify performance expectations. Taken together, these steps create a resilient, customer-centric operating model that enhances competitiveness and supports long-term technical leadership.
A clear explanation of the rigorous, evidence-based research approach that integrates expert input, technical literature, and operational validation to ensure practical relevance
The research synthesis underpinning this executive summary combines technical literature, industry-standard specifications, expert interviews, and cross-functional analysis of supply chain and regulatory developments. Primary inputs included consultations with engineering leads, procurement managers, and field service teams to validate practical implications of design choices and service models. Secondary sources comprised peer-reviewed journals, standards bodies documentation, and publicly available technical white papers to ensure alignment with accepted engineering practices.
Analysis prioritized traceable evidence and corroborated insights, with a focus on operational impacts rather than speculative projections. Where possible, practical examples and case-based reasoning were used to illustrate how segmentation choices and regional dynamics play out in real-world procurement and maintenance decisions. This approach balances technical rigor with pragmatic relevance, enabling readers to apply findings directly to specification, sourcing, and asset management practices.
A succinct conclusion emphasizing the enduring technical importance of oil immersed transformers and the imperative for resilient procurement, diagnostics, and environmental stewardship
Oil immersed power transformers will continue to play a central role in ensuring reliable electricity delivery as grids evolve and industrial demands intensify. The interplay of material selection, cooling architecture, voltage class, and application-specific requirements remains the primary determinant of operational performance and lifecycle outcomes. Moreover, regulatory pressures, environmental considerations, and supply chain complexities require that manufacturers and buyers adopt more integrated strategies that combine technical excellence with procurement agility.
Ultimately, success hinges on the adoption of resilient sourcing approaches, investment in diagnostics and predictive maintenance, and the selection of fluid and containment solutions that meet emerging environmental and safety expectations. Decision makers who translate these insights into coherent procurement and service strategies will be better positioned to reduce unplanned outages, optimize total cost of ownership, and maintain operational flexibility as system requirements continue to evolve.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
An authoritative introduction that frames oil immersed power transformers as indispensable grid assets bridging traditional engineering and evolving operational priorities
Oil immersed power transformers remain a foundational element of contemporary power systems, delivering critical voltage transformation services across transmission, distribution, and industrial networks. These assets combine proven insulation and cooling approaches with robust winding and core designs to meet stringent reliability and safety requirements. Over time, manufacturers have refined construction techniques, materials selection, and testing protocols to optimize thermal performance, mechanical resilience, and lifecycle maintainability, thereby sustaining transformer relevance across evolving grid architectures.
As utilities and industrial end users pursue modernization, transformer selection increasingly reflects integrated criteria that extend beyond basic electrical specifications. Lifecycle cost, maintainability, fault tolerance, and adaptability to renewable integration now influence procurement decisions. Simultaneously, regulatory and environmental considerations shape transformer oil formulation, containment systems, and end-of-life handling practices. Consequently, engineers and asset managers must balance traditional design priorities with emergent operational requirements to ensure long-term serviceability and regulatory compliance.
A clear synthesis of transformative technological, regulatory, and supply chain shifts reshaping product design, maintenance models, and procurement practices
The landscape for oil immersed power transformers is transforming under converging technological, regulatory, and supply-driven forces that demand agile responses from manufacturers, utilities, and industrial consumers. Advancements in materials science have improved conductor and insulation performance, while thermal management innovations-ranging from enhanced cooling configurations to improved oil chemistries-support greater loadability and longevity. These developments are enabling higher reliability in harsher duty cycles and facilitating smoother integration with distributed energy resources and smart grid controls.
Concurrently, heightened attention to environmental stewardship and operational resilience is driving changes in design and service models. Non-PCB, low-flammability fluids and improved containment designs respond to regulatory stringency and environmental risk management, while condition-based monitoring and digital diagnostics unlock predictive maintenance practices that extend asset life and reduce unplanned outages. On the commercial front, supply chain complexity and component specialization are encouraging modular manufacturing approaches and strategic partnerships that accelerate innovation and ensure continuity of supply. Together, these shifts are reshaping procurement criteria, technical specifications, and aftermarket service models across the industry.
A concise analysis of how 2025 United States tariff measures reshaped sourcing, supplier strategies, and procurement risk management across the supply chain
Tariff policies and trade measures implemented by the United States in 2025 introduced new dynamics that suppliers, buyers, and project planners must account for in sourcing and procurement strategies. These measures influenced cost structures for imported components, reoriented supplier relationships, and prompted manufacturers to reassess global production footprints. For buyers, the immediate impact involved increased attention to supply chain transparency and verification of origin for critical components that underpin transformer assemblies.
In response, some manufacturers accelerated localization of high-value processes or qualified alternative suppliers to mitigate exposure to trade actions. Buyers adapted by diversifying their vendor base, incorporating total landed cost analyses into procurement decisions, and negotiating long-term supplier agreements that include risk-sharing clauses. Regulators and industry associations concurrently emphasized compliance readiness, documentation, and the importance of contingency planning to preserve project schedules and capital deployment. Over time, these adjustments contributed to a more granular approach to sourcing that blends cost efficiency with supply resilience and regulatory adherence.
A comprehensive segmentation-driven analysis revealing how winding material, type, voltage rating, cooling approach, and application influence specification and lifecycle outcomes
Segmentation provides a structured lens through which to interpret product choices, service requirements, and lifecycle implications for oil immersed transformers. Based on winding material, the market is studied across aluminum and copper, and that distinction remains central because conductor material drives thermal behavior, short-circuit strength, and cost-performance trade-offs. Aluminum windings typically offer weight and cost advantages that suit many distribution-focused installations, whereas copper windings deliver superior electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness that are often preferred for higher-stress power and transmission applications.
Based on type, the market is studied across distribution and power, and this separation clarifies design emphasis: distribution units prioritize compactness, ease of installation, and frequent loading variability, while power transformers emphasize thermal inertia, fault withstand capability, and higher voltage insulation systems. Based on voltage rating, the market is studied across 110 to 220 KV, above 220 KV, and up to 110 KV, which informs insulation strategies, clearances, and long-term maintenance regimes. Based on cooling type, the market is studied across OFAF, OFWF, ONAF, and ONAN, with the ONAF category further studied across external fan and internal fan configurations; cooling approach fundamentally affects thermal gradients, loading margins, and auxiliary systems design. Based on application, the market is studied across distribution, industrial, and transmission, and the industrial category is further studied across manufacturing, mining, and oil and gas, which underscores how operating environment and duty cycles drive specification and service expectations.
Integrating these segmentation perspectives enables a nuanced assessment of suitability, procurement priorities, and aftermarket strategies. For instance, a heavy industrial application in mining that demands high short-circuit performance will gravitate toward copper windings and robust cooling schemes, while compact urban distribution networks may favor aluminum windings and ONAN configurations to minimize footprint. Similarly, voltage rating interplay with cooling type determines whether auxiliary cooling assets or passive designs best meet reliability targets. Thus, segmentation is not merely categorical; it informs engineering trade-offs, lifecycle planning, and supplier evaluation in a practical, applied manner.
A regionally nuanced view that explains how Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific dynamics shape product demand, standards, and aftermarket expectations
Regional dynamics exert distinct influences on technology adoption, regulatory frameworks, and supply chain priorities for oil immersed transformers. In the Americas, aging infrastructure renewal programs and growing renewable interconnections are prompting investments in reliable distribution and transmission assets, while regulatory emphasis on environmental incident prevention shapes transformer oil selection and containment practices. Consequently, buyers in this region often prioritize retrofit-friendly designs, accessible spares, and condition-monitoring integration to extend service life and improve grid reliability.
In Europe, Middle East & Africa, regulatory heterogeneity, varying investment rhythms, and diverse climatic conditions create a spectrum of requirements. Western Europe’s stringent environmental standards and advanced grid modernization create demand for low-flammability fluids and digital monitoring, whereas certain markets in the Middle East and Africa emphasize high-temperature performance, robust mechanical construction, and solutions that accommodate remote maintenance challenges. Across these territories, interoperability and adherence to regional standards remain vital considerations.
In Asia-Pacific, rapid electrification, expansive industrial growth, and significant infrastructure projects drive strong demand for both distribution and power transformers. Manufacturers and utilities in this region confront a wide range of ambient conditions and duty cycles, and therefore solutions that balance cost, reliability, and adaptability are in high demand. Collectively, these regional contours shape product development roadmaps, aftermarket service models, and cross-border supply strategies that manufacturers and buyers must align with to succeed.
An incisive look at how leading manufacturers differentiate through engineering excellence, localized production, digital services, and lifecycle-oriented aftermarket offerings
The competitive and collaborative environment among leading transformer manufacturers reflects a blend of long-standing engineering expertise and emergent capabilities in digitalization, materials innovation, and service delivery. Companies differentiate through specialization in high-voltage capabilities, customized engineering for industrial sectors, and expanded aftermarket portfolios that include condition monitoring, rapid-response refurbishment, and retrofit services. Strategic partnerships with component suppliers and technology vendors enable firms to embed advanced diagnostics and thermal management upgrades into new and existing units.
At the same time, many suppliers pursue modular design philosophies to reduce lead times and simplify maintenance, while others invest in localized manufacturing or assembly hubs to address regional procurement sensitivities and tariff-related exposure. Service differentiation increasingly centers on lifecycle outcomes: firms that can demonstrate reduced downtime, extended service intervals, and transparent maintenance data command a competitive advantage. Buyers respond by favoring suppliers that combine technical excellence with predictable service delivery and documented performance under real-world operating conditions.
Actionable recommendations for manufacturers and buyers to enhance resilience, integrate diagnostics, adopt safer fluids, and standardize modular designs for competitive advantage
Industry leaders should pursue a set of coordinated actions that align product development, supply chain resilience, and customer-facing services to capture near-term opportunities and reduce operational risk. First, integrate advanced diagnostics and condition-based maintenance offerings into standard product configurations to shift from reactive repair models to predictive support frameworks that lower lifecycle cost and improve reliability. Second, prioritize supply chain transparency and dual-sourcing strategies for critical components to mitigate exposure to trade measures and logistical disruptions.
Next, accelerate adoption of low-flammability and environmentally considerate dielectric fluids alongside improved containment designs to satisfy regulatory scrutiny and reduce environmental risk. Simultaneously, embrace modular design and standardized interfaces that enable faster customization, reduce lead times, and simplify aftermarket inventory management. Finally, invest in customer enablement through training, digital dashboards, and collaborative service agreements that align incentives and clarify performance expectations. Taken together, these steps create a resilient, customer-centric operating model that enhances competitiveness and supports long-term technical leadership.
A clear explanation of the rigorous, evidence-based research approach that integrates expert input, technical literature, and operational validation to ensure practical relevance
The research synthesis underpinning this executive summary combines technical literature, industry-standard specifications, expert interviews, and cross-functional analysis of supply chain and regulatory developments. Primary inputs included consultations with engineering leads, procurement managers, and field service teams to validate practical implications of design choices and service models. Secondary sources comprised peer-reviewed journals, standards bodies documentation, and publicly available technical white papers to ensure alignment with accepted engineering practices.
Analysis prioritized traceable evidence and corroborated insights, with a focus on operational impacts rather than speculative projections. Where possible, practical examples and case-based reasoning were used to illustrate how segmentation choices and regional dynamics play out in real-world procurement and maintenance decisions. This approach balances technical rigor with pragmatic relevance, enabling readers to apply findings directly to specification, sourcing, and asset management practices.
A succinct conclusion emphasizing the enduring technical importance of oil immersed transformers and the imperative for resilient procurement, diagnostics, and environmental stewardship
Oil immersed power transformers will continue to play a central role in ensuring reliable electricity delivery as grids evolve and industrial demands intensify. The interplay of material selection, cooling architecture, voltage class, and application-specific requirements remains the primary determinant of operational performance and lifecycle outcomes. Moreover, regulatory pressures, environmental considerations, and supply chain complexities require that manufacturers and buyers adopt more integrated strategies that combine technical excellence with procurement agility.
Ultimately, success hinges on the adoption of resilient sourcing approaches, investment in diagnostics and predictive maintenance, and the selection of fluid and containment solutions that meet emerging environmental and safety expectations. Decision makers who translate these insights into coherent procurement and service strategies will be better positioned to reduce unplanned outages, optimize total cost of ownership, and maintain operational flexibility as system requirements continue to evolve.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
196 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Increasing adoption of biodegradable natural esters as sustainable insulating fluid alternatives for oil immersed transformers
- 5.2. Integration of advanced dissolved gas analysis sensors with IoT connectivity for proactive transformer maintenance
- 5.3. Rising investments in high-efficiency low-loss core materials to meet stringent energy efficiency regulations
- 5.4. Development of modular transportable oil immersed transformers to support rapid deployment in remote and emergency scenarios
- 5.5. Expansion of smart grid compatibility features enabling real-time monitoring and automated load management for utility networks
- 5.6. Shift toward fire-resistant mineral oil formulations to enhance safety standards in urban substation installations
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Oil Immersed Power Transformer Market, by Type
- 8.1. Distribution
- 8.2. Power
- 9. Oil Immersed Power Transformer Market, by Winding Material
- 9.1. Aluminum
- 9.2. Copper
- 10. Oil Immersed Power Transformer Market, by Voltage Rating
- 10.1. 110 To 220 KV
- 10.2. Above 220 KV
- 10.3. Up To 110 KV
- 11. Oil Immersed Power Transformer Market, by Cooling Type
- 11.1. OFAF
- 11.2. OFWF
- 11.3. ONAF
- 11.3.1. External Fan
- 11.3.2. Internal Fan
- 11.4. ONAN
- 12. Oil Immersed Power Transformer Market, by Application
- 12.1. Distribution
- 12.2. Industrial
- 12.2.1. Manufacturing
- 12.2.2. Mining
- 12.2.3. Oil And Gas
- 12.3. Transmission
- 13. Oil Immersed Power Transformer Market, by Region
- 13.1. Americas
- 13.1.1. North America
- 13.1.2. Latin America
- 13.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 13.2.1. Europe
- 13.2.2. Middle East
- 13.2.3. Africa
- 13.3. Asia-Pacific
- 14. Oil Immersed Power Transformer Market, by Group
- 14.1. ASEAN
- 14.2. GCC
- 14.3. European Union
- 14.4. BRICS
- 14.5. G7
- 14.6. NATO
- 15. Oil Immersed Power Transformer Market, by Country
- 15.1. United States
- 15.2. Canada
- 15.3. Mexico
- 15.4. Brazil
- 15.5. United Kingdom
- 15.6. Germany
- 15.7. France
- 15.8. Russia
- 15.9. Italy
- 15.10. Spain
- 15.11. China
- 15.12. India
- 15.13. Japan
- 15.14. Australia
- 15.15. South Korea
- 16. Competitive Landscape
- 16.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 16.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 16.3. Competitive Analysis
- 16.3.1. alfanar Group
- 16.3.2. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
- 16.3.3. CEEG Transformer Co. Ltd.
- 16.3.4. DAIHEN Corporation
- 16.3.5. Eaton Corporation PLC
- 16.3.6. Elsewedy Electric
- 16.3.7. Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.
- 16.3.8. HD HYUNDAI ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
- 16.3.9. Hitachi, Ltd.
- 16.3.10. Hubbell Incorporated
- 16.3.11. Imefy Group
- 16.3.12. Jiangshan Scotech Electrical Co., Ltd.
- 16.3.13. Marsons Limited
- 16.3.14. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
- 16.3.15. Ningbo IRONCUBE Works International co., LTD.
- 16.3.16. Pearl Electric
- 16.3.17. PPI Pazifik Power, Inc.
- 16.3.18. Schneider Electric SE
- 16.3.19. LS ELECTRIC Co., Ltd.
- 16.3.20. Siemens AG
- 16.3.21. Toshiba Corporation
- 16.3.22. TSTY Electric Co., Ltd.
- 16.3.23. Varelen Electric Co., Ltd
- 16.3.24. Voltamp Transformers Limited
- 16.3.25. YueBian Electric Co.,Ltd.
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