Hardware OTP Token Authentication Market by Authentication Type (HOTP, Proprietary, TOTP), Product Type (Key Fob, Smart Card, USB), End User, Application, Distribution Channel - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Hardware OTP Token Authentication Market was valued at USD 3.41 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 3.99 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 17.89%, reaching USD 12.72 billion by 2032.
A concise contextual overview of hardware one-time-password token relevance and evolving integration priorities across enterprise identity environments
Hardware one-time-password (OTP) tokens remain a cornerstone technology in the multi-factor authentication landscape, providing a tangible layer of phishing-resistant protection that complements software and biometric measures. As organizations contend with increasingly sophisticated credential-based attacks and complex regulatory obligations, physical tokens offer a predictable security boundary that reduces attack surface and enhances assurance for high-risk access scenarios. The form factors vary from compact key fobs to smart cards and USB tokens, each balancing usability, durability, and integration needs. In consequence, product selection is tied closely to user experience design, enterprise identity architectures, and endpoint management capabilities.
Moreover, the value proposition of hardware OTP tokens has evolved beyond simple code generation. Modern implementations emphasize cryptographic robustness, lifecycle management, and interoperability with identity and access management (IAM) platforms. Vendors are addressing provisioning, revocation, and device attestation workflows to simplify deployment at scale, while enterprises are reconciling legacy access patterns with emerging zero trust principles. Taken together, the introduction underscores how hardware OTP tokens remain relevant as part of layered defenses, particularly where phishing-resistant, offline-capable, and regulatory-compliant authentication is required.
How passwordless momentum, zero trust adoption, cloud migration, and rising standards compliance are reshaping hardware OTP token design and enterprise deployment practices
The authentication landscape is undergoing rapid transformation as organizations pursue higher assurance models and streamlined user experiences. Passwordless initiatives, driven by both regulatory guidance and user demand, are accelerating migration away from static credentials, and this shift elevates hardware tokens as an option for strong, user-friendly authentication. Simultaneously, Zero Trust architectures are reframing access decisions to evaluate device posture, user context, and session risk, which prompts deeper integration of hardware tokens with continuous access evaluation systems.
At the same time, cloud adoption and hybrid work models are reshaping authentication workflows. Enterprises increasingly require offline-capable solutions that can authenticate users even when central identity providers are unavailable. This need has renewed interest in hardware OTP tokens that can operate independently of network connectivity. Additionally, standards-driven interoperability and open protocols are gaining traction, enabling tokens to participate in broader identity ecosystems. Finally, security-conscious buyers now expect tokens to support endpoint attestation, tamper-evident features, and secure element-based cryptography, underscoring a trend toward higher technical assurance even in compact form factors.
Anticipating the supply chain and procurement consequences of tariff changes that compel manufacturing realignment, supplier diversification, and resilient product design for hardware token vendors
Policy shifts in international trade, including tariff adjustments, can create cascading impacts across the hardware token supply chain and procurement strategies. Increased duties on imported components or finished devices typically translate into higher landed costs for manufacturers and buyers, which forces a reassessment of supplier relationships, bill-of-material choices, and pricing strategies. In response, many vendors and purchasers accelerate supplier diversification initiatives to mitigate single-source exposure and reduce vulnerability to concentrated tariff risk.
In addition, tariffs often prompt manufacturers to revisit production footprints and consider nearshoring or regional assembly to preserve margin and delivery performance. This strategic realignment can shorten lead times and improve responsiveness, but it also requires capital investment and operational recalibration. Procurement teams consequently prioritize suppliers with flexible manufacturing networks and transparent cost structures. From a product perspective, design-for-manufacturability gains importance as component-level substitutions and commonality strategies can help offset tariff-related cost pressures without compromising security properties. Overall, tariff-driven dynamics encourage a more resilient and adaptable industry posture that emphasizes supply chain transparency, regional capabilities, and modular product architectures.
Holistic segmentation perspective revealing how authentication types, hardware form factors, vertical user needs, application contexts, and distribution pathways determine product and channel strategies
Segmentation analysis reveals differentiated demand drivers across authentication types, product types, end users, application areas, and distribution pathways that shape product roadmaps and commercial strategies. Based on Authentication Type, market dynamics are influenced by HOTP, Proprietary, and TOTP approaches, each presenting distinct interoperability and lifecycle management implications that organizations weigh against legacy systems and integration costs. When viewed Based on Product Type, adoption patterns distinguish key fob, smart card, and USB form factors; ergonomics, durability, and endpoint compatibility are decisive attributes depending on deployment scenarios.
From the perspective of End User, sector-specific requirements emerge for BFSI, Healthcare, IT and Telecommunication, and Retail environments, where regulatory mandates, user density, and transaction criticality affect solution choice and management processes. Looking at Application, the principal use cases such as E-Commerce, Payment, and Secure Access reveal divergent expectations around session timeouts, offline operation, and attestation. Distribution Channel considerations further influence market entry and channel economics; the market is studied across Offline and Online channels where the Offline environment is further examined across retail stores and system integrators and the Online environment is further parsed across e-commerce platforms and manufacturer-direct channels, and these pathways determine partner requirements, margin structures, and customer acquisition tactics. Integrating these segmentation lenses provides clarity on where investment in engineering, service models, and partner enablement will deliver the greatest return.
Regional demand and supply considerations across the Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific that shape compliance, manufacturing, and channel approaches for token deployments
Geographic dynamics shape demand, supply, and regulatory imperatives across three macro regions that drive distinct adoption rhythms and strategic priorities. In the Americas, enterprise customers increasingly emphasize compliance alignment and large-scale deployments in financial services and technology sectors, and investment tends to favor solutions that integrate with existing IAM stacks and support centralized device management. Regional manufacturing capacity and established logistics corridors also influence sourcing decisions and the viability of local assembly to mitigate trade friction.
Across Europe, Middle East & Africa, regulatory complexity and cross-border data protection regimes elevate the importance of certified cryptographic components and privacy-preserving provisioning workflows. Buyers in this region often prioritize interoperability with national digital identity schemes and require robust evidence of supply chain provenance. In the Asia-Pacific region, a diverse mix of advanced manufacturing hubs and rapidly digitizing markets creates both supply advantages and intense competition; strong OEM ecosystems enable rapid form factor innovation, while demand from large-scale e-commerce and telecom operators drives high-volume adoption and specialized integration requirements. Collectively, these regional insights inform route-to-market decisions, compliance investments, and partnership models for vendors and procurers alike.
How technology differentiation, standards partnerships, and lifecycle services determine competitive advantages among hardware token vendors and channel partners
Competitive dynamics in the hardware token space are defined by technology differentiation, standards adoption, and ecosystem partnerships rather than purely by production scale. Leading manufacturers differentiate through secure element integration, tamper-evident design, and streamlined lifecycle management services that address provisioning, revocation, and updates. Strategic collaborations between token producers and identity platform providers accelerate time-to-integration and reduce friction for enterprise onboarding, while developer-friendly SDKs and APIs foster broader interoperability with cloud identity providers and access management tools.
Moreover, contractual relationships with distributors and systems integrators remain central to enterprise reach, particularly in regulated industries where field services and certification support are essential. Firms that invest in certified cryptographic stacks and transparent supply chain controls typically gain credibility with compliance-focused buyers. At the same time, niche players that emphasize specialized form factors or proprietary workflows continue to serve verticalized needs. The cumulative effect is a competitive environment that rewards technical assurance, open standards participation, and scalable service models more than commoditized hardware alone.
Actionable strategic guidance for vendors and buyers to combine cryptographic assurance, flexible manufacturing, and channel enablement to accelerate adoption and reduce procurement friction
Leaders should adopt a dual approach that balances technical assurance with commercial agility to capture both enterprise and high-volume channel opportunities. Start by prioritizing secure element-based designs and documented attestation capabilities to address regulatory and phishing-resistance requirements; this technical foundation reduces integration friction and builds purchaser confidence. Concurrently, simplify provisioning and lifecycle workflows through cloud-enabled device management and orchestration tools to lower operational costs for enterprise IT teams and system integrators.
Additionally, diversify manufacturing and assembly options to reduce exposure to regional tariff shifts and supply chain disruptions, while exploring nearshoring where feasible to improve responsiveness. Strengthen channel enablement by tailoring distribution strategies for offline partners such as retail stores and system integrators, and for online channels including e-commerce platforms and manufacturer-direct models; provide dedicated training, plug-and-play integration bundles, and co-marketing resources. Finally, pursue strategic integrations with leading IAM and access management ecosystems, and invest in certifications that resonate with regulated buyers to shorten procurement cycles and increase acceptance in mission-critical environments.
A rigorous mixed-methods research approach combining expert interviews, technical device evaluations, standards review, and supply chain analysis to underpin strategic recommendations
The research methodology integrates multiple qualitative and quantitative approaches to ensure comprehensive, evidence-based findings. Primary inputs include structured interviews with enterprise security architects, procurement leaders, systems integrators, and token vendors to capture firsthand perspectives on deployment challenges, technical requirements, and procurement drivers. These conversations are complemented by vendor briefings and technical evaluations of sample devices to assess cryptographic implementations, tamper resistance, and integration pathways.
Secondary analysis incorporates public regulatory guidance, standards specifications, patent literature, and supply chain traceability data to contextualize vendor claims and identify technology trends. Cross-validation techniques such as triangulation of interview insights with product documentation and observed deployment patterns enhance the reliability of conclusions. Finally, scenario analysis and sensitivity checks are used to evaluate strategic implications of supply chain shifts and policy changes, enabling prescriptive recommendations that are grounded in multi-source evidence.
Synthesis of the evolving role of hardware tokens highlighting technical robustness, operational simplification, and supply chain resilience as strategic imperatives
Hardware OTP tokens continue to serve as a pragmatic, high-assurance element within layered authentication strategies, particularly where phishing resistance, offline capability, and regulatory alignment are paramount. The convergence of passwordless initiatives, zero trust architectures, and cloud-enabled identity services creates both opportunities and expectations for tokens to deliver stronger cryptographic assurance while minimizing operational overhead. Vendors that anchor product roadmaps in secure element usage, streamlined lifecycle management, and open interoperability will be best positioned to meet enterprise needs.
Equally important, supply chain resilience and channel diversification are no longer optional. Trade policy shifts and component concentration necessitate proactive planning, including diversified sourcing and regional assembly options. Buyers and suppliers who collaborate on integration tooling, certification pathways, and support models will shorten procurement cycles and simplify deployments. In summary, a combined focus on technical robustness, operational simplicity, and supply chain adaptability will define success in the evolving hardware token ecosystem.
Please Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
A concise contextual overview of hardware one-time-password token relevance and evolving integration priorities across enterprise identity environments
Hardware one-time-password (OTP) tokens remain a cornerstone technology in the multi-factor authentication landscape, providing a tangible layer of phishing-resistant protection that complements software and biometric measures. As organizations contend with increasingly sophisticated credential-based attacks and complex regulatory obligations, physical tokens offer a predictable security boundary that reduces attack surface and enhances assurance for high-risk access scenarios. The form factors vary from compact key fobs to smart cards and USB tokens, each balancing usability, durability, and integration needs. In consequence, product selection is tied closely to user experience design, enterprise identity architectures, and endpoint management capabilities.
Moreover, the value proposition of hardware OTP tokens has evolved beyond simple code generation. Modern implementations emphasize cryptographic robustness, lifecycle management, and interoperability with identity and access management (IAM) platforms. Vendors are addressing provisioning, revocation, and device attestation workflows to simplify deployment at scale, while enterprises are reconciling legacy access patterns with emerging zero trust principles. Taken together, the introduction underscores how hardware OTP tokens remain relevant as part of layered defenses, particularly where phishing-resistant, offline-capable, and regulatory-compliant authentication is required.
How passwordless momentum, zero trust adoption, cloud migration, and rising standards compliance are reshaping hardware OTP token design and enterprise deployment practices
The authentication landscape is undergoing rapid transformation as organizations pursue higher assurance models and streamlined user experiences. Passwordless initiatives, driven by both regulatory guidance and user demand, are accelerating migration away from static credentials, and this shift elevates hardware tokens as an option for strong, user-friendly authentication. Simultaneously, Zero Trust architectures are reframing access decisions to evaluate device posture, user context, and session risk, which prompts deeper integration of hardware tokens with continuous access evaluation systems.
At the same time, cloud adoption and hybrid work models are reshaping authentication workflows. Enterprises increasingly require offline-capable solutions that can authenticate users even when central identity providers are unavailable. This need has renewed interest in hardware OTP tokens that can operate independently of network connectivity. Additionally, standards-driven interoperability and open protocols are gaining traction, enabling tokens to participate in broader identity ecosystems. Finally, security-conscious buyers now expect tokens to support endpoint attestation, tamper-evident features, and secure element-based cryptography, underscoring a trend toward higher technical assurance even in compact form factors.
Anticipating the supply chain and procurement consequences of tariff changes that compel manufacturing realignment, supplier diversification, and resilient product design for hardware token vendors
Policy shifts in international trade, including tariff adjustments, can create cascading impacts across the hardware token supply chain and procurement strategies. Increased duties on imported components or finished devices typically translate into higher landed costs for manufacturers and buyers, which forces a reassessment of supplier relationships, bill-of-material choices, and pricing strategies. In response, many vendors and purchasers accelerate supplier diversification initiatives to mitigate single-source exposure and reduce vulnerability to concentrated tariff risk.
In addition, tariffs often prompt manufacturers to revisit production footprints and consider nearshoring or regional assembly to preserve margin and delivery performance. This strategic realignment can shorten lead times and improve responsiveness, but it also requires capital investment and operational recalibration. Procurement teams consequently prioritize suppliers with flexible manufacturing networks and transparent cost structures. From a product perspective, design-for-manufacturability gains importance as component-level substitutions and commonality strategies can help offset tariff-related cost pressures without compromising security properties. Overall, tariff-driven dynamics encourage a more resilient and adaptable industry posture that emphasizes supply chain transparency, regional capabilities, and modular product architectures.
Holistic segmentation perspective revealing how authentication types, hardware form factors, vertical user needs, application contexts, and distribution pathways determine product and channel strategies
Segmentation analysis reveals differentiated demand drivers across authentication types, product types, end users, application areas, and distribution pathways that shape product roadmaps and commercial strategies. Based on Authentication Type, market dynamics are influenced by HOTP, Proprietary, and TOTP approaches, each presenting distinct interoperability and lifecycle management implications that organizations weigh against legacy systems and integration costs. When viewed Based on Product Type, adoption patterns distinguish key fob, smart card, and USB form factors; ergonomics, durability, and endpoint compatibility are decisive attributes depending on deployment scenarios.
From the perspective of End User, sector-specific requirements emerge for BFSI, Healthcare, IT and Telecommunication, and Retail environments, where regulatory mandates, user density, and transaction criticality affect solution choice and management processes. Looking at Application, the principal use cases such as E-Commerce, Payment, and Secure Access reveal divergent expectations around session timeouts, offline operation, and attestation. Distribution Channel considerations further influence market entry and channel economics; the market is studied across Offline and Online channels where the Offline environment is further examined across retail stores and system integrators and the Online environment is further parsed across e-commerce platforms and manufacturer-direct channels, and these pathways determine partner requirements, margin structures, and customer acquisition tactics. Integrating these segmentation lenses provides clarity on where investment in engineering, service models, and partner enablement will deliver the greatest return.
Regional demand and supply considerations across the Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific that shape compliance, manufacturing, and channel approaches for token deployments
Geographic dynamics shape demand, supply, and regulatory imperatives across three macro regions that drive distinct adoption rhythms and strategic priorities. In the Americas, enterprise customers increasingly emphasize compliance alignment and large-scale deployments in financial services and technology sectors, and investment tends to favor solutions that integrate with existing IAM stacks and support centralized device management. Regional manufacturing capacity and established logistics corridors also influence sourcing decisions and the viability of local assembly to mitigate trade friction.
Across Europe, Middle East & Africa, regulatory complexity and cross-border data protection regimes elevate the importance of certified cryptographic components and privacy-preserving provisioning workflows. Buyers in this region often prioritize interoperability with national digital identity schemes and require robust evidence of supply chain provenance. In the Asia-Pacific region, a diverse mix of advanced manufacturing hubs and rapidly digitizing markets creates both supply advantages and intense competition; strong OEM ecosystems enable rapid form factor innovation, while demand from large-scale e-commerce and telecom operators drives high-volume adoption and specialized integration requirements. Collectively, these regional insights inform route-to-market decisions, compliance investments, and partnership models for vendors and procurers alike.
How technology differentiation, standards partnerships, and lifecycle services determine competitive advantages among hardware token vendors and channel partners
Competitive dynamics in the hardware token space are defined by technology differentiation, standards adoption, and ecosystem partnerships rather than purely by production scale. Leading manufacturers differentiate through secure element integration, tamper-evident design, and streamlined lifecycle management services that address provisioning, revocation, and updates. Strategic collaborations between token producers and identity platform providers accelerate time-to-integration and reduce friction for enterprise onboarding, while developer-friendly SDKs and APIs foster broader interoperability with cloud identity providers and access management tools.
Moreover, contractual relationships with distributors and systems integrators remain central to enterprise reach, particularly in regulated industries where field services and certification support are essential. Firms that invest in certified cryptographic stacks and transparent supply chain controls typically gain credibility with compliance-focused buyers. At the same time, niche players that emphasize specialized form factors or proprietary workflows continue to serve verticalized needs. The cumulative effect is a competitive environment that rewards technical assurance, open standards participation, and scalable service models more than commoditized hardware alone.
Actionable strategic guidance for vendors and buyers to combine cryptographic assurance, flexible manufacturing, and channel enablement to accelerate adoption and reduce procurement friction
Leaders should adopt a dual approach that balances technical assurance with commercial agility to capture both enterprise and high-volume channel opportunities. Start by prioritizing secure element-based designs and documented attestation capabilities to address regulatory and phishing-resistance requirements; this technical foundation reduces integration friction and builds purchaser confidence. Concurrently, simplify provisioning and lifecycle workflows through cloud-enabled device management and orchestration tools to lower operational costs for enterprise IT teams and system integrators.
Additionally, diversify manufacturing and assembly options to reduce exposure to regional tariff shifts and supply chain disruptions, while exploring nearshoring where feasible to improve responsiveness. Strengthen channel enablement by tailoring distribution strategies for offline partners such as retail stores and system integrators, and for online channels including e-commerce platforms and manufacturer-direct models; provide dedicated training, plug-and-play integration bundles, and co-marketing resources. Finally, pursue strategic integrations with leading IAM and access management ecosystems, and invest in certifications that resonate with regulated buyers to shorten procurement cycles and increase acceptance in mission-critical environments.
A rigorous mixed-methods research approach combining expert interviews, technical device evaluations, standards review, and supply chain analysis to underpin strategic recommendations
The research methodology integrates multiple qualitative and quantitative approaches to ensure comprehensive, evidence-based findings. Primary inputs include structured interviews with enterprise security architects, procurement leaders, systems integrators, and token vendors to capture firsthand perspectives on deployment challenges, technical requirements, and procurement drivers. These conversations are complemented by vendor briefings and technical evaluations of sample devices to assess cryptographic implementations, tamper resistance, and integration pathways.
Secondary analysis incorporates public regulatory guidance, standards specifications, patent literature, and supply chain traceability data to contextualize vendor claims and identify technology trends. Cross-validation techniques such as triangulation of interview insights with product documentation and observed deployment patterns enhance the reliability of conclusions. Finally, scenario analysis and sensitivity checks are used to evaluate strategic implications of supply chain shifts and policy changes, enabling prescriptive recommendations that are grounded in multi-source evidence.
Synthesis of the evolving role of hardware tokens highlighting technical robustness, operational simplification, and supply chain resilience as strategic imperatives
Hardware OTP tokens continue to serve as a pragmatic, high-assurance element within layered authentication strategies, particularly where phishing resistance, offline capability, and regulatory alignment are paramount. The convergence of passwordless initiatives, zero trust architectures, and cloud-enabled identity services creates both opportunities and expectations for tokens to deliver stronger cryptographic assurance while minimizing operational overhead. Vendors that anchor product roadmaps in secure element usage, streamlined lifecycle management, and open interoperability will be best positioned to meet enterprise needs.
Equally important, supply chain resilience and channel diversification are no longer optional. Trade policy shifts and component concentration necessitate proactive planning, including diversified sourcing and regional assembly options. Buyers and suppliers who collaborate on integration tooling, certification pathways, and support models will shorten procurement cycles and simplify deployments. In summary, a combined focus on technical robustness, operational simplicity, and supply chain adaptability will define success in the evolving hardware token ecosystem.
Please Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
192 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Adoption of Bluetooth Low Energy-connected hardware OTP tokens for seamless mobile workforce authentication
- 5.2. Integration of biometric fingerprint sensors in hardware one-time password devices to enhance user security and convenience
- 5.3. Emergence of ultra-compact USB-C hardware OTP tokens optimized for modern thin laptops and mobile devices
- 5.4. Deployment of FIDO2-certified OTP hardware tokens for passwordless multi-factor authentication in enterprise environments
- 5.5. Implementation of tamper-evident secure elements in OTP token hardware to prevent cloning and side-channel attacks
- 5.6. Development of solar-powered hardware OTP tokens aimed at reducing battery maintenance in remote field operations
- 5.7. Transition towards cloud-managed lifecycle provisioning and remote revocation of hardware OTP tokens in large organizations
- 5.8. Rise of open-source firmware initiatives for auditability and customization in hardware one-time password token designs
- 5.9. Adoption of blockchain-based identity anchoring for tamper-resistant OTP token issuance and verification
- 5.10. Integration of NFC-enabled hardware OTP tokens to facilitate contactless authentication on mobile and desktop endpoints
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Hardware OTP Token Authentication Market, by Authentication Type
- 8.1. HOTP
- 8.2. Proprietary
- 8.3. TOTP
- 9. Hardware OTP Token Authentication Market, by Product Type
- 9.1. Key Fob
- 9.2. Smart Card
- 9.3. USB
- 10. Hardware OTP Token Authentication Market, by End User
- 10.1. BFSI
- 10.2. Healthcare
- 10.3. IT and Telecommunication
- 10.4. Retail
- 11. Hardware OTP Token Authentication Market, by Application
- 11.1. E-Commerce
- 11.2. Payment
- 11.3. Secure Access
- 12. Hardware OTP Token Authentication Market, by Distribution Channel
- 12.1. Offline
- 12.1.1. Retail Stores
- 12.1.2. System Integrators
- 12.2. Online
- 12.2.1. E-Commerce Platforms
- 12.2.2. Manufacturer Direct
- 13. Hardware OTP Token Authentication Market, by Region
- 13.1. Americas
- 13.1.1. North America
- 13.1.2. Latin America
- 13.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 13.2.1. Europe
- 13.2.2. Middle East
- 13.2.3. Africa
- 13.3. Asia-Pacific
- 14. Hardware OTP Token Authentication Market, by Group
- 14.1. ASEAN
- 14.2. GCC
- 14.3. European Union
- 14.4. BRICS
- 14.5. G7
- 14.6. NATO
- 15. Hardware OTP Token Authentication Market, by Country
- 15.1. United States
- 15.2. Canada
- 15.3. Mexico
- 15.4. Brazil
- 15.5. United Kingdom
- 15.6. Germany
- 15.7. France
- 15.8. Russia
- 15.9. Italy
- 15.10. Spain
- 15.11. China
- 15.12. India
- 15.13. Japan
- 15.14. Australia
- 15.15. South Korea
- 16. Competitive Landscape
- 16.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 16.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 16.3. Competitive Analysis
- 16.3.1. Thales S.A.
- 16.3.2. OneSpan Inc.
- 16.3.3. HID Global Corporation
- 16.3.4. RSA Security LLC
- 16.3.5. Yubico AB
- 16.3.6. Feitian Technologies Co., Ltd.
- 16.3.7. Entrust Holdings, Inc.
- 16.3.8. Watchdata Technologies Co., Ltd.
- 16.3.9. Microcosm Ltd.
- 16.3.10. DEEPNET SECURITY LIMITED
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