Ethylene Carbonate Market by Grade (Battery Grade, Industrial Grade), Application (Agrochemicals, Coatings, Intermediates), End User Industry - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Ethylene Carbonate Market was valued at USD 1.11 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 1.24 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 12.62%, reaching USD 2.88 billion by 2032.
An authoritative primer on ethylene carbonate that synthesizes its physicochemical role and supply chain implications across critical industrial and battery applications
Ethylene carbonate has emerged as a critical specialty solvent and electrolyte component across multiple industrial ecosystems, where its physicochemical properties enable performance gains in battery systems, coatings, and chemical intermediates. As a polar aprotic solvent with high dielectric constant and thermal stability, it plays a particularly important role in formulations that demand ion conductivity, solvent compatibility, and thermal resilience. Beyond its intrinsic material attributes, ethylene carbonate functions as a strategic input for downstream innovation-enabling higher energy density chemistries, more durable coatings, and cleaner synthetic routes for complex intermediates.
The supply chain for ethylene carbonate spans petrochemical feedstocks, purification and grade segregation, and logistics tailored to both battery-grade and industrial-grade demands. This chain has grown more intricate as end users tighten specifications, regulatory frameworks evolve around transport and handling, and sustainability considerations shift toward lower-emission production pathways. Consequently, stakeholders from raw material suppliers to OEMs face new coordination challenges and opportunities to differentiate through quality, certification, and traceability. The introduction to this report establishes a foundation for evaluating those dynamics with an emphasis on technological function, supply resilience, and cross-industry impacts.
How purity demands, sustainability pressures, and regulatory evolution are reshaping supply chains and production strategies across ethylene carbonate applications
In recent years the ethylene carbonate landscape has experienced transformative shifts driven by electrification, tighter performance specifications for battery electrolytes, and evolving chemical manufacturing practices. One of the most consequential trends is the acceleration of demand for battery-grade materials, where purity thresholds and impurity control have become defining commercial differentiators. As a result, producers have invested in advanced purification technologies and quality management systems to ensure consistent delivery of high-purity ethylene carbonate suited for lithium-ion cell chemistries.
Simultaneously, manufacturers and downstream formulators are responding to pressures for decarbonized processes and circular practices. These pressures have encouraged research into greener synthesis routes, process intensification, and solvent reclamation programs. Regulatory and compliance landscapes have also shifted, prompting reevaluation of storage, transport, and waste-handling practices. Collectively, these shifts are reshaping supplier relationships, capital allocation toward specialty production lines, and the criteria buyers apply when assessing long-term partners. The net effect is a more sophisticated value chain in which technical capability, environmental performance, and quality assurance determine competitive positioning.
Impacts of U.S. tariff measures in 2025 that prompted a widespread reassessment of sourcing strategies and accelerated regional manufacturing and supply continuity initiatives
The imposition of tariffs by the United States in 2025 introduced a distinct structural dynamic that rippled through supply chains and procurement decision-making for ethylene carbonate and related intermediates. For firms reliant on cross-border sourcing, tariff measures prompted immediate re-evaluations of sourcing portfolios and logistical arrangements. In many cases, procurement teams engaged alternative suppliers, restructured contracts to incorporate tariff-protection clauses, or accelerated onshoring and nearshoring initiatives to mitigate exposure to levies and customs complexity.
Operationally, these adjustments increased emphasis on supply chain visibility and contract flexibility. Companies expanded the use of dual-sourcing strategies and sought suppliers with diversified production footprints to preserve continuity of supply. Finance and procurement functions worked more closely to redesign purchase agreements and inventory strategies that accounted for tariff-induced cost variability while maintaining compliance with customs and trade regulations. Importantly, the tariff environment amplified the strategic value of local manufacturing capabilities and reinforced the need for transparent supplier qualification processes that account for geopolitical and trade policy volatility.
Precise segmentation insights that map grade, application, and end-user industry requirements to production capability and supplier differentiation strategies
Understanding segmentation is essential to align capability with demand and product specification. Based on Grade, market is studied across Battery Grade and Industrial Grade. Battery-grade ethylene carbonate requires stringent impurity controls, analytical traceability, and certification aligned with cell manufacturing requirements, whereas industrial-grade material prioritizes cost-effectiveness for applications where ultrahigh purity is not essential. Recognizing this distinction helps suppliers allocate capital between high-purity production lines and bulk industrial output, and enables buyers to specify the right balance of performance and cost for each application.
Based on Application, market is studied across Agrochemicals, Coatings, Intermediates, Lithium-Ion Batteries, Plasticizers, and Solvents. The Lithium-Ion Batteries is further studied across Consumer Electronics, Electric Vehicles, and Energy Storage Systems. In these applications, ethylene carbonate’s role diverges: it acts as a solvent and electrolyte component in advanced battery chemistries, as a reactive intermediate for coatings and plasticizers, and as a carrier or processing solvent in agrochemical formulations. Based on End User Industry, market is studied across Automotive, Chemical, Electronics, and Energy. These end users impose different reliability, quality assurance, and regulatory expectations that shape demand patterns; for instance, the automotive and energy storage sectors demand rigorous qualification and long-term supply commitments, while chemical and electronics sectors often prioritize formulation flexibility and batch-to-batch consistency.
Taken together, these segmentation lenses inform strategic choices for production scale, quality control infrastructure, and customer engagement models. Suppliers that can clearly map production capability to these segmentation classes and communicate the technical value of grade and application fit are better positioned to win long-term contracts and support product development in high-growth verticals.
Regional dynamics that determine supply chain resilience and strategic localization priorities across the Americas, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific
Regional dynamics materially influence both supply-side capabilities and end-user adoption of ethylene carbonate across industrial ecosystems. In the Americas, industrial clusters, established battery supply chains, and a growing focus on renewable energy storage have driven demand for high-purity intermediates and incentive structures for local production. Manufacturers and distributors in this region have prioritized secure supply, regulatory compliance, and collaborations with battery cell makers to validate materials under automotive and grid-scale conditions.
In Europe, Middle East & Africa, regulatory rigor, sustainability commitments, and petrochemical integration create a distinctive operating environment. Producers here are often measured by lifecycle performance, emissions intensity, and adherence to circular-economy principles. This has fostered investment in lower-emission synthesis routes, solvent recovery programs, and enhanced documentation for cross-border trade. In Asia-Pacific, the combination of integrated upstream feedstocks, large-scale chemical manufacturing, and aggressive electrification trajectories has generated dense and vertically integrated supply chains. Demand in major economies is supported by robust cell manufacturing capacity and strong industrial demand for coatings and intermediates, which together encourage scale and specialization. Across these regions, differences in infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and industrial clustering determine the most viable strategies for sourcing, manufacturing footprint decisions, and partnership development.
Competitive and strategic company insights that highlight the importance of high-purity production, vertical coordination, and quality systems for sustained commercial advantage
The competitive landscape for ethylene carbonate production is defined by a balance between specialty capability and operational scale. Leading chemical manufacturers have focused investments on high-purity production lines, advanced analytics for impurity control, and quality management systems to meet the demanding specifications of battery and electronics customers. Strategic differentiation often derives from the ability to provide consistent documentation, supply continuity guarantees, and co-development services that reduce qualification timelines for OEMs and cell manufacturers.
Partnerships and vertical integration have emerged as effective approaches to secure upstream feedstocks and downstream offtake, particularly in contexts where cell makers seek tighter control over electrolyte supply. At the same time, independent specialty producers differentiate through agility, faster customer support, and tailored product customization. Across the value chain, success hinges on transparent quality systems, demonstrable traceability, and operational readiness to comply with increasingly stringent transport and storage regulations. Firms that combine technical expertise in purification with the commercial discipline to support long qualification cycles are well placed to capture strategic supply agreements in battery and industrial segments.
Actionable recommendations for suppliers and buyers to strengthen product quality, regional resilience, and sustainability initiatives while aligning with evolving battery and industrial needs
Industry leaders should pursue a set of targeted actions to strengthen supply resilience and ensure product suitability across evolving end-use demands. Prioritize investments in purification and analytical capabilities to meet battery-grade impurity thresholds, and implement quality management systems that accelerate customer qualification. These technical investments should be complemented by commercial strategies such as flexible contract terms, dual-sourcing arrangements, and collaborative product development to align with cell manufacturers and formulators.
In parallel, evaluate opportunities for regional manufacturing or strategic partnerships to minimize exposure to trade policy shifts and logistic disruptions. Sustainability measures-such as lowering process emissions, increasing energy efficiency, and advancing solvent reclamation-should be integrated into capital planning both to meet regulatory expectations and to appeal to sustainability-focused buyers. Finally, enhance supply chain transparency through improved traceability and data sharing, enabling faster response to quality concerns and reinforcing customer confidence. Together, these actions will help firms maintain competitive differentiation while reducing operational risk in a dynamically shifting value chain.
A transparent methodological framework combining primary stakeholder interviews and technical validation with rigorous triangulation to underpin strategic findings
This research synthesizes primary and secondary evidence to provide a clear, reproducible account of current dynamics affecting ethylene carbonate across applications and regions. Primary inputs include structured interviews with industry stakeholders, technical validation sessions with materials engineers, and supplier capability assessments that examine purification processes and quality controls. Secondary inputs comprise regulatory filings, patent literature, and peer-reviewed technical studies that illuminate electrolyte performance characteristics and process innovations.
Analytical methods emphasize triangulation of qualitative and technical data to validate claims about production capability, specification requirements, and supply-chain behaviors. Data collection prioritized traceable documentation from producers and end users, cross-checked against publicly available technical literature and regulatory directives. Where appropriate, sensitivity checks and scenario analysis were used to test the robustness of insights, focusing on supply continuity, qualification timelines, and the operational implications of policy measures. This methodological approach ensures transparent linkage between evidence and the strategic conclusions offered in this report.
Concluding synthesis that ties material properties to supply chain strategy and underscores the need for technical rigor and collaborative qualification efforts
Ethylene carbonate occupies a strategic intersection between material science and supply chain strategy, with its role in battery electrolytes and diverse industrial applications making it central to several high-priority industrial transitions. The technical attributes that make it valuable-high dielectric constant, thermal stability, and solvent versatility-also impose strict production and quality control requirements when deployed in battery systems or high-performance coatings. Consequently, the industry has experienced a shift toward higher-purity production, deeper supplier qualification processes, and regional manufacturing strategies intended to enhance supply resiliency.
As stakeholders respond to electrification, sustainability imperatives, and evolving trade policies, success will favor organizations that invest in analytical capabilities, prioritize traceability, and develop contractual flexibility. Effective collaboration between suppliers and end users is essential to shorten qualification cycles and to translate material performance into reliable product outcomes. In sum, ethylene carbonate will remain a technically and commercially significant component whose value depends on precise production control, strategic supply chain design, and responsiveness to regulatory and environmental pressures.
Please Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
An authoritative primer on ethylene carbonate that synthesizes its physicochemical role and supply chain implications across critical industrial and battery applications
Ethylene carbonate has emerged as a critical specialty solvent and electrolyte component across multiple industrial ecosystems, where its physicochemical properties enable performance gains in battery systems, coatings, and chemical intermediates. As a polar aprotic solvent with high dielectric constant and thermal stability, it plays a particularly important role in formulations that demand ion conductivity, solvent compatibility, and thermal resilience. Beyond its intrinsic material attributes, ethylene carbonate functions as a strategic input for downstream innovation-enabling higher energy density chemistries, more durable coatings, and cleaner synthetic routes for complex intermediates.
The supply chain for ethylene carbonate spans petrochemical feedstocks, purification and grade segregation, and logistics tailored to both battery-grade and industrial-grade demands. This chain has grown more intricate as end users tighten specifications, regulatory frameworks evolve around transport and handling, and sustainability considerations shift toward lower-emission production pathways. Consequently, stakeholders from raw material suppliers to OEMs face new coordination challenges and opportunities to differentiate through quality, certification, and traceability. The introduction to this report establishes a foundation for evaluating those dynamics with an emphasis on technological function, supply resilience, and cross-industry impacts.
How purity demands, sustainability pressures, and regulatory evolution are reshaping supply chains and production strategies across ethylene carbonate applications
In recent years the ethylene carbonate landscape has experienced transformative shifts driven by electrification, tighter performance specifications for battery electrolytes, and evolving chemical manufacturing practices. One of the most consequential trends is the acceleration of demand for battery-grade materials, where purity thresholds and impurity control have become defining commercial differentiators. As a result, producers have invested in advanced purification technologies and quality management systems to ensure consistent delivery of high-purity ethylene carbonate suited for lithium-ion cell chemistries.
Simultaneously, manufacturers and downstream formulators are responding to pressures for decarbonized processes and circular practices. These pressures have encouraged research into greener synthesis routes, process intensification, and solvent reclamation programs. Regulatory and compliance landscapes have also shifted, prompting reevaluation of storage, transport, and waste-handling practices. Collectively, these shifts are reshaping supplier relationships, capital allocation toward specialty production lines, and the criteria buyers apply when assessing long-term partners. The net effect is a more sophisticated value chain in which technical capability, environmental performance, and quality assurance determine competitive positioning.
Impacts of U.S. tariff measures in 2025 that prompted a widespread reassessment of sourcing strategies and accelerated regional manufacturing and supply continuity initiatives
The imposition of tariffs by the United States in 2025 introduced a distinct structural dynamic that rippled through supply chains and procurement decision-making for ethylene carbonate and related intermediates. For firms reliant on cross-border sourcing, tariff measures prompted immediate re-evaluations of sourcing portfolios and logistical arrangements. In many cases, procurement teams engaged alternative suppliers, restructured contracts to incorporate tariff-protection clauses, or accelerated onshoring and nearshoring initiatives to mitigate exposure to levies and customs complexity.
Operationally, these adjustments increased emphasis on supply chain visibility and contract flexibility. Companies expanded the use of dual-sourcing strategies and sought suppliers with diversified production footprints to preserve continuity of supply. Finance and procurement functions worked more closely to redesign purchase agreements and inventory strategies that accounted for tariff-induced cost variability while maintaining compliance with customs and trade regulations. Importantly, the tariff environment amplified the strategic value of local manufacturing capabilities and reinforced the need for transparent supplier qualification processes that account for geopolitical and trade policy volatility.
Precise segmentation insights that map grade, application, and end-user industry requirements to production capability and supplier differentiation strategies
Understanding segmentation is essential to align capability with demand and product specification. Based on Grade, market is studied across Battery Grade and Industrial Grade. Battery-grade ethylene carbonate requires stringent impurity controls, analytical traceability, and certification aligned with cell manufacturing requirements, whereas industrial-grade material prioritizes cost-effectiveness for applications where ultrahigh purity is not essential. Recognizing this distinction helps suppliers allocate capital between high-purity production lines and bulk industrial output, and enables buyers to specify the right balance of performance and cost for each application.
Based on Application, market is studied across Agrochemicals, Coatings, Intermediates, Lithium-Ion Batteries, Plasticizers, and Solvents. The Lithium-Ion Batteries is further studied across Consumer Electronics, Electric Vehicles, and Energy Storage Systems. In these applications, ethylene carbonate’s role diverges: it acts as a solvent and electrolyte component in advanced battery chemistries, as a reactive intermediate for coatings and plasticizers, and as a carrier or processing solvent in agrochemical formulations. Based on End User Industry, market is studied across Automotive, Chemical, Electronics, and Energy. These end users impose different reliability, quality assurance, and regulatory expectations that shape demand patterns; for instance, the automotive and energy storage sectors demand rigorous qualification and long-term supply commitments, while chemical and electronics sectors often prioritize formulation flexibility and batch-to-batch consistency.
Taken together, these segmentation lenses inform strategic choices for production scale, quality control infrastructure, and customer engagement models. Suppliers that can clearly map production capability to these segmentation classes and communicate the technical value of grade and application fit are better positioned to win long-term contracts and support product development in high-growth verticals.
Regional dynamics that determine supply chain resilience and strategic localization priorities across the Americas, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific
Regional dynamics materially influence both supply-side capabilities and end-user adoption of ethylene carbonate across industrial ecosystems. In the Americas, industrial clusters, established battery supply chains, and a growing focus on renewable energy storage have driven demand for high-purity intermediates and incentive structures for local production. Manufacturers and distributors in this region have prioritized secure supply, regulatory compliance, and collaborations with battery cell makers to validate materials under automotive and grid-scale conditions.
In Europe, Middle East & Africa, regulatory rigor, sustainability commitments, and petrochemical integration create a distinctive operating environment. Producers here are often measured by lifecycle performance, emissions intensity, and adherence to circular-economy principles. This has fostered investment in lower-emission synthesis routes, solvent recovery programs, and enhanced documentation for cross-border trade. In Asia-Pacific, the combination of integrated upstream feedstocks, large-scale chemical manufacturing, and aggressive electrification trajectories has generated dense and vertically integrated supply chains. Demand in major economies is supported by robust cell manufacturing capacity and strong industrial demand for coatings and intermediates, which together encourage scale and specialization. Across these regions, differences in infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and industrial clustering determine the most viable strategies for sourcing, manufacturing footprint decisions, and partnership development.
Competitive and strategic company insights that highlight the importance of high-purity production, vertical coordination, and quality systems for sustained commercial advantage
The competitive landscape for ethylene carbonate production is defined by a balance between specialty capability and operational scale. Leading chemical manufacturers have focused investments on high-purity production lines, advanced analytics for impurity control, and quality management systems to meet the demanding specifications of battery and electronics customers. Strategic differentiation often derives from the ability to provide consistent documentation, supply continuity guarantees, and co-development services that reduce qualification timelines for OEMs and cell manufacturers.
Partnerships and vertical integration have emerged as effective approaches to secure upstream feedstocks and downstream offtake, particularly in contexts where cell makers seek tighter control over electrolyte supply. At the same time, independent specialty producers differentiate through agility, faster customer support, and tailored product customization. Across the value chain, success hinges on transparent quality systems, demonstrable traceability, and operational readiness to comply with increasingly stringent transport and storage regulations. Firms that combine technical expertise in purification with the commercial discipline to support long qualification cycles are well placed to capture strategic supply agreements in battery and industrial segments.
Actionable recommendations for suppliers and buyers to strengthen product quality, regional resilience, and sustainability initiatives while aligning with evolving battery and industrial needs
Industry leaders should pursue a set of targeted actions to strengthen supply resilience and ensure product suitability across evolving end-use demands. Prioritize investments in purification and analytical capabilities to meet battery-grade impurity thresholds, and implement quality management systems that accelerate customer qualification. These technical investments should be complemented by commercial strategies such as flexible contract terms, dual-sourcing arrangements, and collaborative product development to align with cell manufacturers and formulators.
In parallel, evaluate opportunities for regional manufacturing or strategic partnerships to minimize exposure to trade policy shifts and logistic disruptions. Sustainability measures-such as lowering process emissions, increasing energy efficiency, and advancing solvent reclamation-should be integrated into capital planning both to meet regulatory expectations and to appeal to sustainability-focused buyers. Finally, enhance supply chain transparency through improved traceability and data sharing, enabling faster response to quality concerns and reinforcing customer confidence. Together, these actions will help firms maintain competitive differentiation while reducing operational risk in a dynamically shifting value chain.
A transparent methodological framework combining primary stakeholder interviews and technical validation with rigorous triangulation to underpin strategic findings
This research synthesizes primary and secondary evidence to provide a clear, reproducible account of current dynamics affecting ethylene carbonate across applications and regions. Primary inputs include structured interviews with industry stakeholders, technical validation sessions with materials engineers, and supplier capability assessments that examine purification processes and quality controls. Secondary inputs comprise regulatory filings, patent literature, and peer-reviewed technical studies that illuminate electrolyte performance characteristics and process innovations.
Analytical methods emphasize triangulation of qualitative and technical data to validate claims about production capability, specification requirements, and supply-chain behaviors. Data collection prioritized traceable documentation from producers and end users, cross-checked against publicly available technical literature and regulatory directives. Where appropriate, sensitivity checks and scenario analysis were used to test the robustness of insights, focusing on supply continuity, qualification timelines, and the operational implications of policy measures. This methodological approach ensures transparent linkage between evidence and the strategic conclusions offered in this report.
Concluding synthesis that ties material properties to supply chain strategy and underscores the need for technical rigor and collaborative qualification efforts
Ethylene carbonate occupies a strategic intersection between material science and supply chain strategy, with its role in battery electrolytes and diverse industrial applications making it central to several high-priority industrial transitions. The technical attributes that make it valuable-high dielectric constant, thermal stability, and solvent versatility-also impose strict production and quality control requirements when deployed in battery systems or high-performance coatings. Consequently, the industry has experienced a shift toward higher-purity production, deeper supplier qualification processes, and regional manufacturing strategies intended to enhance supply resiliency.
As stakeholders respond to electrification, sustainability imperatives, and evolving trade policies, success will favor organizations that invest in analytical capabilities, prioritize traceability, and develop contractual flexibility. Effective collaboration between suppliers and end users is essential to shorten qualification cycles and to translate material performance into reliable product outcomes. In sum, ethylene carbonate will remain a technically and commercially significant component whose value depends on precise production control, strategic supply chain design, and responsiveness to regulatory and environmental pressures.
Please Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
188 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Surging demand for ethylene carbonate in lithium-ion battery electrolytes driven by electric vehicle proliferation
- 5.2. Development of bio-based ethylene carbonate through carbon dioxide utilization processes for sustainable solvent production
- 5.3. Regulatory shifts targeting volatile organic compounds boosting industrial adoption of ethylene carbonate as low-VOC solvent alternative
- 5.4. Strategic alliances between chemical manufacturers and battery producers to secure stable ethylene carbonate supply chains
- 5.5. Raw material cost fluctuations in ethylene oxide and carbon dioxide influencing ethylene carbonate pricing and market dynamics
- 5.6. Expansion of ethylene carbonate production capacity in Asia-Pacific fueled by growing electronics and EV manufacturing investments
- 5.7. Implementation of advanced catalytic processes to enhance ethylene carbonate yield and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in production
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Ethylene Carbonate Market, by Grade
- 8.1. Battery Grade
- 8.2. Industrial Grade
- 9. Ethylene Carbonate Market, by Application
- 9.1. Agrochemicals
- 9.2. Coatings
- 9.3. Intermediates
- 9.4. Lithium-Ion Batteries
- 9.4.1. Consumer Electronics
- 9.4.2. Electric Vehicles
- 9.4.3. Energy Storage Systems
- 9.5. Plasticizers
- 9.6. Solvents
- 10. Ethylene Carbonate Market, by End User Industry
- 10.1. Automotive
- 10.2. Chemical
- 10.3. Electronics
- 10.4. Energy
- 11. Ethylene Carbonate Market, by Region
- 11.1. Americas
- 11.1.1. North America
- 11.1.2. Latin America
- 11.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 11.2.1. Europe
- 11.2.2. Middle East
- 11.2.3. Africa
- 11.3. Asia-Pacific
- 12. Ethylene Carbonate Market, by Group
- 12.1. ASEAN
- 12.2. GCC
- 12.3. European Union
- 12.4. BRICS
- 12.5. G7
- 12.6. NATO
- 13. Ethylene Carbonate Market, by Country
- 13.1. United States
- 13.2. Canada
- 13.3. Mexico
- 13.4. Brazil
- 13.5. United Kingdom
- 13.6. Germany
- 13.7. France
- 13.8. Russia
- 13.9. Italy
- 13.10. Spain
- 13.11. China
- 13.12. India
- 13.13. Japan
- 13.14. Australia
- 13.15. South Korea
- 14. Competitive Landscape
- 14.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 14.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 14.3. Competitive Analysis
- 14.3.1. Ube Industries, Ltd.
- 14.3.2. Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.
- 14.3.3. Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
- 14.3.4. Huntsman International LLC
- 14.3.5. LG Chem Ltd.
- 14.3.6. Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- 14.3.7. Shandong Shida Shenghua Chemical Co., Ltd.
- 14.3.8. Celanese Corporation
- 14.3.9. LyondellBasell Industries N.V.
- 14.3.10. Evonik Industries AG
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