Epinephrine Market by Product Type (Ampoule & Vial, Auto-Injector, Prefilled Syringe), Route Of Administration (Intramuscular, Intravenous, Subcutaneous), Distribution Channel, End User, Application - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Epinephrine Market was valued at USD 2.19 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 2.43 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 10.75%, reaching USD 4.96 billion by 2032.
A strategic introduction to epinephrine’s clinical imperatives, delivery innovations, and stakeholder pressures shaping product, distribution, and care decisions
Epinephrine occupies a unique position at the intersection of emergency medicine, device engineering, and regulatory oversight. Clinically, it remains the first-line therapeutic for life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions and a critical intervention in select cardiovascular emergencies. Over the last decade, advances in delivery systems have altered user expectations and procurement patterns, and stakeholders across manufacturers, healthcare providers, payers, and emergency response systems must now reconcile clinical imperatives with design innovation and supply reliability.
Understanding epinephrine requires more than a review of active pharmacology; it demands attention to device usability, regulatory pathways, and the operational realities of prehospital and home settings. As technology has matured, auto-injectors and prefilled syringes have introduced new ergonomic and safety features that influence adherence and patient confidence. Consequently, strategic decisions about product portfolios, distribution partnerships, and clinical education programs hinge on granular knowledge of device variants, intended use cases, and end-user preferences. This introduction sets the stage for deeper analysis of market shifts, policy impacts, segmentation patterns, and regional dynamics that shape competitive advantage.
How device evolution, regulatory focus, payer priorities, and supply chain resilience are jointly reshaping competitive strategies in the epinephrine ecosystem
The landscape surrounding epinephrine has undergone several transformative shifts that are redefining supplier strategies and healthcare delivery models. First, product evolution has moved beyond basic ampoules to include user-centered designs such as compact auto-injectors and prefilled syringes, which reduce dosing errors and improve patient confidence in emergency contexts. Alongside device innovation, regulatory scrutiny and post-market surveillance have intensified, prompting manufacturers to prioritize human factors engineering, quality systems, and traceability across their supply chains.
Concurrently, payer and procurement behaviors have shifted toward value-based assessments that emphasize total cost of care and real-world outcomes. This has amplified interest in models that improve adherence and reduce avoidable emergency utilization. At the same time, distribution channels are diversifying: hospital pharmacies remain central for acute care, but online and retail pharmacy access increasingly support home preparedness and chronic risk management. Finally, global supply chain fragility and geopolitical developments are catalyzing manufacturers to reassess sourcing strategies and localized production capabilities. Together, these shifts are creating both challenges and opportunities for organizations that can align product development, regulatory readiness, and supply chain resilience with evolving clinical and commercial demands.
Understanding how cumulative tariff pressures catalyze supply diversification, domestic capacity shifts, and procurement redesign across the epinephrine value chain
Tariff movements in the United States are exerting a cumulative influence on the epinephrine supply chain that extends beyond headline import costs. When tariffs increase input costs for finished devices or critical components, manufacturers must evaluate multiple mitigation strategies, including sourcing alternatives, reconfiguring production footprints, or absorbing short-term margin impacts while protecting access. These decisions affect not only direct manufacturer economics but also downstream availability for hospitals, emergency medical services, and home users who rely on predictable supply.
In practice, tariff-driven pressures have encouraged several adaptive behaviors. Some suppliers accelerate qualification of alternate component suppliers to diversify risk, while others expand domestic manufacturing capabilities to reduce exposure to trade policy volatility. Payers and procurement teams respond by intensifying contractual scrutiny and exploring multi-sourcing arrangements to safeguard continuity of supply. Furthermore, distribution partners and pharmacy networks may adjust inventory policies and stocking levels to handle potential lead-time variability. As a result, sector participants increasingly incorporate tariff scenario planning into commercial forecasts, procurement contracts, and regulatory submissions to maintain both operational stability and clinical availability.
Key segmentation findings showing how product form, administration route, clinical application, end-user workflows, and distribution decisions determine adoption patterns
Segmentation analysis reveals nuanced demand dynamics that inform product positioning and commercialization approaches. Based on product type, the market spans ampoule and vial formats, auto-injectors, and prefilled syringes, with auto-injectors further differentiated by 0.15 mg and 0.3 mg dosing options that address pediatric and adult needs; these distinctions influence device ergonomics, labeling, and training requirements. Based on route of administration, delivery modalities include intramuscular, intravenous, and subcutaneous use cases, each carrying distinct clinical protocols and device compatibility considerations that affect procurement choices by emergency services and hospitals.
Based on application, indications fall primarily into anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest contexts, which produce different urgency profiles, stocking patterns, and regulatory labeling expectations. Based on end user, demand streams emerge from emergency medical services, home care, and hospitals and clinics, and each setting imposes unique usability and storage constraints that shape product design and distribution strategies. Based on distribution channel, hospital pharmacies, online pharmacies, and retail pharmacies serve as the primary conduits for acquisition, and channel selection impacts visibility, reimbursement interactions, and patient education touchpoints. Taken together, these segmentation layers reveal that effective market engagement requires aligning dose form and device features with clinical route, indication, end-user workflows, and the distribution pathway that best supports adherence and timely access.
Regional dynamics and strategic adaptations required to align product design, regulatory pathways, and distribution models across diverse healthcare systems
Regional dynamics reflect differing healthcare infrastructures, regulatory regimes, and procurement behaviors that shape product adoption and supply strategies. In the Americas, established emergency care pathways and a mature retail pharmacy network support broad access to auto-injectors and prefilled formats, while payer negotiations and reimbursement frameworks influence pricing strategies and formulary placement. In Europe, Middle East & Africa, heterogeneous regulatory environments and variable hospital procurement capabilities require tailored market entry and distribution models, with some markets favoring centralized tenders and others relying on private retail channels; manufacturers must navigate diverse labeling and clinical guideline landscapes to achieve uptake.
In Asia-Pacific, rapid modernization of emergency medical services and expanding primary care access are driving increased demand for patient-friendly delivery systems, although supply chain complexity and local regulatory requirements necessitate careful launch sequencing and partnership selection. Across all regions, differences in storage infrastructure, cold chain capacity where applicable, and last-mile logistics influence stocking decisions for emergency responders and home users alike. Consequently, regional strategies should blend global product standards with localized adaptations in packaging, training, and distribution to meet specific clinical and operational needs.
How legacy sterile manufacturers, device innovators, and contract suppliers converge to shape product differentiation, supply reliability, and post-market trust
Competitive dynamics in the epinephrine space reflect a mix of legacy injectable manufacturers, device-focused innovators, and specialized contract manufacturers that together shape the product and service landscape. Established injectable producers contribute scale and regulatory experience across sterile manufacturing, which supports dependable supply for ampoules and vials. Device specialists and start-ups have concentrated on human factors, connectivity, and compact form factors to reduce administration errors and improve patient adherence in home and community settings, often partnering with clinical stakeholders to validate design choices.
Contract manufacturing organizations and primary packaging suppliers play an increasingly strategic role by enabling capacity expansion and rapid response to demand fluctuations. In parallel, distribution and pharmacy networks invest in training, patient education programs, and digital tools that facilitate access and proper device use. From an innovation standpoint, collaborations that couple drug formulation expertise with advanced delivery mechanisms offer the clearest pathway to differentiated offerings. To remain competitive, companies must integrate regulatory knowledge, supply chain flexibility, and clinician-centered design into commercial roadmaps while maintaining robust post-market surveillance and quality systems to ensure long-term trust and adoption.
Practical and integrated strategic moves for manufacturers and supply chain leaders to accelerate uptake, reduce risk, and demonstrate clinical and economic value
Industry leaders should pursue a set of actionable strategies to strengthen market position while safeguarding patient access and clinical outcomes. First, prioritize human factors and usability validation for product development so devices align with end-user requirements in emergency, home, and clinical contexts. This reduces training burdens and supports wider adoption across diverse user populations. Next, embed supply chain resilience into strategic planning by qualifying second-source suppliers, considering selective onshoring of critical components, and implementing flexible manufacturing protocols to minimize disruption from trade policy shifts and logistical constraints.
Moreover, enhance commercial effectiveness by tailoring go-to-market approaches to specific distribution pathways; align hospital-focused offerings with institutional procurement cycles, while designing patient-directed bundles and digital support services for retail and online channels. Strengthen payer engagement through real-world evidence initiatives that demonstrate value in reducing avoidable emergency utilization and improving adherence. Finally, invest in proactive regulatory and quality programs that anticipate evolving requirements, and cultivate partnerships across clinical, procurement, and emergency response stakeholders to accelerate uptake and sustain market access.
A rigorous multi-method research approach combining stakeholder interviews, regulatory and device analysis, and supply chain mapping to ensure actionable and validated insights
This research utilizes a multi-method approach combining primary stakeholder engagement, device and regulatory analysis, and supply chain assessments to deliver actionable insight. Primary inputs include structured interviews with clinical practitioners, procurement leads, emergency response professionals, and distribution partners to surface real-world challenges and decision criteria that influence adoption. Supplementing these interviews, device design and human factors documentation, regulatory filings, and public quality notices were systematically reviewed to evaluate compliance trends and product differentiation.
Supply chain mapping and trade-flow analysis were used to identify sourcing concentrations, critical component dependencies, and potential bottlenecks under changing tariff or logistics conditions. Analytical triangulation integrated qualitative insights with device and distribution pathway observations to ensure conclusions reflect both operational realities and strategic implications. Throughout the process, findings were validated through expert debriefs and scenario testing to refine recommendations and ensure relevance for commercial, regulatory, and clinical stakeholders.
A concise, forward-looking synthesis that ties together innovation, supply resilience, and stakeholder alignment to sustain accessible and effective epinephrine care
In conclusion, epinephrine remains a foundational therapeutic in emergency medicine, but the context in which it is supplied and used has shifted materially. Innovations in delivery systems, heightened regulatory attention to usability, evolving procurement behaviors driven by value considerations, and external policy pressures are jointly influencing how products are developed, distributed, and adopted. Organizations that integrate human-centered device design, supply chain resilience planning, and targeted channel strategies will be better positioned to meet clinical needs while navigating commercial and policy headwinds.
Looking ahead, successful participants will balance short-term operational responses with longer-term investments in device innovation and evidence generation. By aligning product attributes to the nuances of route of administration, indication, end-user workflows, and distribution channel realities, stakeholders can improve access and outcomes. Ultimately, the companies and systems that proactively address these interconnected dimensions will define the next phase of progress in ensuring timely and effective epinephrine availability for patients and providers.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
A strategic introduction to epinephrine’s clinical imperatives, delivery innovations, and stakeholder pressures shaping product, distribution, and care decisions
Epinephrine occupies a unique position at the intersection of emergency medicine, device engineering, and regulatory oversight. Clinically, it remains the first-line therapeutic for life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions and a critical intervention in select cardiovascular emergencies. Over the last decade, advances in delivery systems have altered user expectations and procurement patterns, and stakeholders across manufacturers, healthcare providers, payers, and emergency response systems must now reconcile clinical imperatives with design innovation and supply reliability.
Understanding epinephrine requires more than a review of active pharmacology; it demands attention to device usability, regulatory pathways, and the operational realities of prehospital and home settings. As technology has matured, auto-injectors and prefilled syringes have introduced new ergonomic and safety features that influence adherence and patient confidence. Consequently, strategic decisions about product portfolios, distribution partnerships, and clinical education programs hinge on granular knowledge of device variants, intended use cases, and end-user preferences. This introduction sets the stage for deeper analysis of market shifts, policy impacts, segmentation patterns, and regional dynamics that shape competitive advantage.
How device evolution, regulatory focus, payer priorities, and supply chain resilience are jointly reshaping competitive strategies in the epinephrine ecosystem
The landscape surrounding epinephrine has undergone several transformative shifts that are redefining supplier strategies and healthcare delivery models. First, product evolution has moved beyond basic ampoules to include user-centered designs such as compact auto-injectors and prefilled syringes, which reduce dosing errors and improve patient confidence in emergency contexts. Alongside device innovation, regulatory scrutiny and post-market surveillance have intensified, prompting manufacturers to prioritize human factors engineering, quality systems, and traceability across their supply chains.
Concurrently, payer and procurement behaviors have shifted toward value-based assessments that emphasize total cost of care and real-world outcomes. This has amplified interest in models that improve adherence and reduce avoidable emergency utilization. At the same time, distribution channels are diversifying: hospital pharmacies remain central for acute care, but online and retail pharmacy access increasingly support home preparedness and chronic risk management. Finally, global supply chain fragility and geopolitical developments are catalyzing manufacturers to reassess sourcing strategies and localized production capabilities. Together, these shifts are creating both challenges and opportunities for organizations that can align product development, regulatory readiness, and supply chain resilience with evolving clinical and commercial demands.
Understanding how cumulative tariff pressures catalyze supply diversification, domestic capacity shifts, and procurement redesign across the epinephrine value chain
Tariff movements in the United States are exerting a cumulative influence on the epinephrine supply chain that extends beyond headline import costs. When tariffs increase input costs for finished devices or critical components, manufacturers must evaluate multiple mitigation strategies, including sourcing alternatives, reconfiguring production footprints, or absorbing short-term margin impacts while protecting access. These decisions affect not only direct manufacturer economics but also downstream availability for hospitals, emergency medical services, and home users who rely on predictable supply.
In practice, tariff-driven pressures have encouraged several adaptive behaviors. Some suppliers accelerate qualification of alternate component suppliers to diversify risk, while others expand domestic manufacturing capabilities to reduce exposure to trade policy volatility. Payers and procurement teams respond by intensifying contractual scrutiny and exploring multi-sourcing arrangements to safeguard continuity of supply. Furthermore, distribution partners and pharmacy networks may adjust inventory policies and stocking levels to handle potential lead-time variability. As a result, sector participants increasingly incorporate tariff scenario planning into commercial forecasts, procurement contracts, and regulatory submissions to maintain both operational stability and clinical availability.
Key segmentation findings showing how product form, administration route, clinical application, end-user workflows, and distribution decisions determine adoption patterns
Segmentation analysis reveals nuanced demand dynamics that inform product positioning and commercialization approaches. Based on product type, the market spans ampoule and vial formats, auto-injectors, and prefilled syringes, with auto-injectors further differentiated by 0.15 mg and 0.3 mg dosing options that address pediatric and adult needs; these distinctions influence device ergonomics, labeling, and training requirements. Based on route of administration, delivery modalities include intramuscular, intravenous, and subcutaneous use cases, each carrying distinct clinical protocols and device compatibility considerations that affect procurement choices by emergency services and hospitals.
Based on application, indications fall primarily into anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest contexts, which produce different urgency profiles, stocking patterns, and regulatory labeling expectations. Based on end user, demand streams emerge from emergency medical services, home care, and hospitals and clinics, and each setting imposes unique usability and storage constraints that shape product design and distribution strategies. Based on distribution channel, hospital pharmacies, online pharmacies, and retail pharmacies serve as the primary conduits for acquisition, and channel selection impacts visibility, reimbursement interactions, and patient education touchpoints. Taken together, these segmentation layers reveal that effective market engagement requires aligning dose form and device features with clinical route, indication, end-user workflows, and the distribution pathway that best supports adherence and timely access.
Regional dynamics and strategic adaptations required to align product design, regulatory pathways, and distribution models across diverse healthcare systems
Regional dynamics reflect differing healthcare infrastructures, regulatory regimes, and procurement behaviors that shape product adoption and supply strategies. In the Americas, established emergency care pathways and a mature retail pharmacy network support broad access to auto-injectors and prefilled formats, while payer negotiations and reimbursement frameworks influence pricing strategies and formulary placement. In Europe, Middle East & Africa, heterogeneous regulatory environments and variable hospital procurement capabilities require tailored market entry and distribution models, with some markets favoring centralized tenders and others relying on private retail channels; manufacturers must navigate diverse labeling and clinical guideline landscapes to achieve uptake.
In Asia-Pacific, rapid modernization of emergency medical services and expanding primary care access are driving increased demand for patient-friendly delivery systems, although supply chain complexity and local regulatory requirements necessitate careful launch sequencing and partnership selection. Across all regions, differences in storage infrastructure, cold chain capacity where applicable, and last-mile logistics influence stocking decisions for emergency responders and home users alike. Consequently, regional strategies should blend global product standards with localized adaptations in packaging, training, and distribution to meet specific clinical and operational needs.
How legacy sterile manufacturers, device innovators, and contract suppliers converge to shape product differentiation, supply reliability, and post-market trust
Competitive dynamics in the epinephrine space reflect a mix of legacy injectable manufacturers, device-focused innovators, and specialized contract manufacturers that together shape the product and service landscape. Established injectable producers contribute scale and regulatory experience across sterile manufacturing, which supports dependable supply for ampoules and vials. Device specialists and start-ups have concentrated on human factors, connectivity, and compact form factors to reduce administration errors and improve patient adherence in home and community settings, often partnering with clinical stakeholders to validate design choices.
Contract manufacturing organizations and primary packaging suppliers play an increasingly strategic role by enabling capacity expansion and rapid response to demand fluctuations. In parallel, distribution and pharmacy networks invest in training, patient education programs, and digital tools that facilitate access and proper device use. From an innovation standpoint, collaborations that couple drug formulation expertise with advanced delivery mechanisms offer the clearest pathway to differentiated offerings. To remain competitive, companies must integrate regulatory knowledge, supply chain flexibility, and clinician-centered design into commercial roadmaps while maintaining robust post-market surveillance and quality systems to ensure long-term trust and adoption.
Practical and integrated strategic moves for manufacturers and supply chain leaders to accelerate uptake, reduce risk, and demonstrate clinical and economic value
Industry leaders should pursue a set of actionable strategies to strengthen market position while safeguarding patient access and clinical outcomes. First, prioritize human factors and usability validation for product development so devices align with end-user requirements in emergency, home, and clinical contexts. This reduces training burdens and supports wider adoption across diverse user populations. Next, embed supply chain resilience into strategic planning by qualifying second-source suppliers, considering selective onshoring of critical components, and implementing flexible manufacturing protocols to minimize disruption from trade policy shifts and logistical constraints.
Moreover, enhance commercial effectiveness by tailoring go-to-market approaches to specific distribution pathways; align hospital-focused offerings with institutional procurement cycles, while designing patient-directed bundles and digital support services for retail and online channels. Strengthen payer engagement through real-world evidence initiatives that demonstrate value in reducing avoidable emergency utilization and improving adherence. Finally, invest in proactive regulatory and quality programs that anticipate evolving requirements, and cultivate partnerships across clinical, procurement, and emergency response stakeholders to accelerate uptake and sustain market access.
A rigorous multi-method research approach combining stakeholder interviews, regulatory and device analysis, and supply chain mapping to ensure actionable and validated insights
This research utilizes a multi-method approach combining primary stakeholder engagement, device and regulatory analysis, and supply chain assessments to deliver actionable insight. Primary inputs include structured interviews with clinical practitioners, procurement leads, emergency response professionals, and distribution partners to surface real-world challenges and decision criteria that influence adoption. Supplementing these interviews, device design and human factors documentation, regulatory filings, and public quality notices were systematically reviewed to evaluate compliance trends and product differentiation.
Supply chain mapping and trade-flow analysis were used to identify sourcing concentrations, critical component dependencies, and potential bottlenecks under changing tariff or logistics conditions. Analytical triangulation integrated qualitative insights with device and distribution pathway observations to ensure conclusions reflect both operational realities and strategic implications. Throughout the process, findings were validated through expert debriefs and scenario testing to refine recommendations and ensure relevance for commercial, regulatory, and clinical stakeholders.
A concise, forward-looking synthesis that ties together innovation, supply resilience, and stakeholder alignment to sustain accessible and effective epinephrine care
In conclusion, epinephrine remains a foundational therapeutic in emergency medicine, but the context in which it is supplied and used has shifted materially. Innovations in delivery systems, heightened regulatory attention to usability, evolving procurement behaviors driven by value considerations, and external policy pressures are jointly influencing how products are developed, distributed, and adopted. Organizations that integrate human-centered device design, supply chain resilience planning, and targeted channel strategies will be better positioned to meet clinical needs while navigating commercial and policy headwinds.
Looking ahead, successful participants will balance short-term operational responses with longer-term investments in device innovation and evidence generation. By aligning product attributes to the nuances of route of administration, indication, end-user workflows, and distribution channel realities, stakeholders can improve access and outcomes. Ultimately, the companies and systems that proactively address these interconnected dimensions will define the next phase of progress in ensuring timely and effective epinephrine availability for patients and providers.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
196 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Development of intranasal epinephrine formulations to improve needle-free anaphylaxis treatment and patient compliance
- 5.2. Integration of Bluetooth-enabled auto-injectors with mobile apps for real-time dosage tracking and emergency alerts
- 5.3. Navigating FDA regulatory updates on epinephrine auto-injector shelf life extension and labeling requirements
- 5.4. Impact of biosimilar epinephrine formulations entering the market on pricing and reimbursement strategies
- 5.5. Supply chain resilience strategies addressing global epinephrine raw material shortages and manufacturing bottlenecks
- 5.6. Strategic partnerships between pharmaceutical and medtech firms for next-gen epinephrine delivery systems
- 5.7. Expansion of school and public access legislation driving increased epinephrine stock and training initiatives
- 5.8. Emerging markets growth in epinephrine demand fueled by rising allergy prevalence and healthcare access improvements
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Epinephrine Market, by Product Type
- 8.1. Ampoule & Vial
- 8.2. Auto-Injector
- 8.3. Prefilled Syringe
- 9. Epinephrine Market, by Route Of Administration
- 9.1. Intramuscular
- 9.2. Intravenous
- 9.3. Subcutaneous
- 10. Epinephrine Market, by Distribution Channel
- 10.1. Hospital Pharmacies
- 10.2. Online Pharmacies
- 10.3. Retail Pharmacies
- 11. Epinephrine Market, by End User
- 11.1. Emergency Medical Services
- 11.2. Home Care
- 11.3. Hospitals And Clinics
- 12. Epinephrine Market, by Application
- 12.1. Anaphylaxis
- 12.2. Cardiac Arrest
- 13. Epinephrine Market, by Region
- 13.1. Americas
- 13.1.1. North America
- 13.1.2. Latin America
- 13.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 13.2.1. Europe
- 13.2.2. Middle East
- 13.2.3. Africa
- 13.3. Asia-Pacific
- 14. Epinephrine Market, by Group
- 14.1. ASEAN
- 14.2. GCC
- 14.3. European Union
- 14.4. BRICS
- 14.5. G7
- 14.6. NATO
- 15. Epinephrine Market, by Country
- 15.1. United States
- 15.2. Canada
- 15.3. Mexico
- 15.4. Brazil
- 15.5. United Kingdom
- 15.6. Germany
- 15.7. France
- 15.8. Russia
- 15.9. Italy
- 15.10. Spain
- 15.11. China
- 15.12. India
- 15.13. Japan
- 15.14. Australia
- 15.15. South Korea
- 16. Competitive Landscape
- 16.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 16.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 16.3. Competitive Analysis
- 16.3.1. Pfizer Inc.
- 16.3.2. Mylan N.V.
- 16.3.3. Viatris Inc.
- 16.3.4. Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- 16.3.5. Sandoz International GmbH
- 16.3.6. Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- 16.3.7. Hospira, Inc.
- 16.3.8. Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC
- 16.3.9. Par Pharmaceutical, Inc.
- 16.3.10. Aurobindo Pharma Limited
- 16.3.11. Cipla Limited
- 16.3.12. Lupin Limited
- 16.3.13. Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd.
- 16.3.14. Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
- 16.3.15. Zydus Lifesciences Limited
- 16.3.16. Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited
- 16.3.17. Alkem Laboratories Limited
- 16.3.18. Apotex Inc.
- 16.3.19. Perrigo Company plc
- 16.3.20. Bausch Health Companies Inc.
- 16.3.21. Sanofi S.A.
- 16.3.22. Eli Lilly and Company
- 16.3.23. Merck & Co., Inc.
- 16.3.24. Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
- 16.3.25. Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
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