EV Battery Market by Battery Type (Lead Acid Batteries, Lithium-Ion Batteries, Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries), Charging Capacity (40-90 kWh, Above 90 kWh, Below 40 kWh), Battery Form, Propulsion Type, Vehicle Type, Distribution Channel - Global Forecast
Description
The EV Battery Market was valued at USD 90.75 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 101.47 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 12.42%, reaching USD 231.54 billion by 2032.
Framing the modern electric vehicle battery landscape with clear context on chemistry, form factors, performance trade-offs, and demand-side priorities for industry decision-makers
The electrification of transport has advanced from niche adoption to a platform-defining industrial shift, where battery systems underpin vehicle performance, safety, and total cost of ownership. This report opens with a clear orientation to the technological, regulatory, and commercial forces shaping contemporary battery markets, placing emphasis on cell chemistry evolution, form factor trade-offs, and the implications of charging infrastructure development.
Readers will be introduced to the principal battery architectures and their performance attributes, including differences in energy density, cycle life, thermal management, and manufacturability. The narrative connects these technical characteristics to buyer priorities across passenger and commercial vehicle segments, highlighting how propulsion choices, vehicle packaging, and use-case profiles drive distinct engineering and procurement outcomes. Transitioning smoothly from technology to market dynamics, the introduction sets the stage for deeper analysis on policy impacts, supply chain reconfiguration, and competitive positioning.
Mapping the intersecting technological, regulatory, and supply chain shifts that are redefining battery manufacturing, sustainability priorities, and industry competitive dynamics
The past half-decade has seen several transformative shifts that have altered incentive structures, supplier networks, and product roadmaps within the battery ecosystem. Advances in lithium-ion cell chemistry and manufacturing automation have lowered per-unit manufacturing complexity, and concurrent progress in solid-state research is redefining long‑term performance expectations even as commercialization timelines remain cautious.
Meanwhile, regulatory regimes and consumer expectations have intensified focus on lifecycle sustainability, prompting greater attention to raw material provenance, recycling pathways, and circular design. Geopolitical tensions and trade policy shifts have accelerated regionalization of supply chains and prompted manufacturers to diversify material sources and build local gigafactory capacity. In parallel, charging architecture and vehicle integration trends-driven by faster DC charging and higher-capacity modules-are reshaping battery form factor selection and thermal management strategies. These converging shifts result in a more strategic interplay between technology choices and commercial viability, requiring companies to balance near-term deliverables with longer-term technology bets.
Analyzing how recent United States tariff measures have triggered supply chain reconfiguration, nearshoring trends, and vertical integration strategies across the battery value chain
Tariff actions implemented in the United States have produced a chain reaction of operational and commercial responses across the battery ecosystem. Increased import duties on certain inputs and assembled components elevated landed costs for some suppliers, prompting original equipment manufacturers and tier‑one suppliers to reassess supplier portfolios and accelerate qualification of alternative vendors. The immediate operational consequence has been an uptick in inventory buffering and longer lead times as buyers mitigate tariff risk while securing continuity of supply.
Beyond short‑term procurement adjustments, tariffs have incentivized relocation of certain manufacturing activities closer to end markets, supported by public and private capital targeted to onshore cell assembly and advanced materials processing. This reshoring response has implications for capital intensity, workforce development, and local supplier networks, while also creating new opportunities for regional partnerships and joint ventures. At the same time, tariff-driven cost pressures have emphasised the value of vertical integration for firms seeking control over critical upstream inputs, and encouraged investment in recycling and refined material recovery as a partial hedge against external policy volatility. Taken together, these effects illustrate how trade measures influence not just price but strategic architecture across the value chain.
Unpacking multi-dimensional segmentation insights across chemistry, capacity, form factor, propulsion, vehicle class, and distribution channels to reveal strategic demand drivers
A granular view of the market requires understanding how demand and technology align across multiple segmentation axes. When analyzed by battery type, the landscape spans mature lead acid solutions alongside widely deployed lithium-ion chemistries, established nickel-metal hydride options, and emerging solid-state architectures that promise higher energy density and enhanced safety characteristics. Each chemistry presents unique trade-offs in energy density, lifecycle management, thermal behavior, and manufacturability, which in turn influence OEM selection criteria and application fit.
Charging capacity is another critical lens, as vehicles designed around below 40 kWh packs prioritize affordability and urban use cases, mid-range 40–90 kWh systems balance range and cost for mainstream passenger segments, and packs above 90 kWh target long-range performance for premium and commercial applications. Form factor choices-cylindrical, pouch, and prismatic-further determine packaging efficiency, thermal pathways, and automated assembly requirements. Propulsion type segmentation differentiates battery electric vehicles from fuel cell electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrids, each with distinct battery duty cycles and integration complexity. Finally, vehicle type distinguishes commercial applications from passenger vehicles; within commercial vehicles, heavy and light categories have divergent duty cycles and durability needs, while passenger vehicles break down into hatchbacks, sedans, and SUVs with differing range, weight, and safety priorities. Distribution channel dynamics split between offline and online pathways, where dealer networks, fleet procurement channels, and e-commerce platforms each shape go‑to‑market strategies and aftersales engagement. Synthesizing across these dimensions reveals where technical capability, cost structure, and go‑to‑market approach must align to capture specific segments effectively.
Comparative regional dynamics highlighting investment, regulation, and manufacturing ecosystems across the Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific to guide strategic positioning
Regional dynamics continue to determine competitive positioning and investment calculus across the industry. In the Americas, policy incentives and growing consumer adoption have stimulated capital allocation to cell plants, recycling infrastructure, and charging ecosystems, with an emphasis on building resilient regional supply chains and fostering local skills development. North American fleet electrification initiatives and commercial vehicle electrification pilots are important demand anchors that influence module design priorities and service models.
Europe, the Middle East & Africa combine a stringent regulatory focus on emissions and circularity with strong OEM presence, encouraging advanced materials research, second‑life battery programs, and standards development. The region’s diverse policy landscape drives cross-border collaboration on standards while simultaneously creating complexity for manufacturers scaling production. Asia-Pacific remains the innovation and manufacturing heartland, with dense supplier networks, mature cell production capabilities, and established raw material processing. Close proximity between materials suppliers, cell manufacturers, and OEMs enables rapid iteration on chemistry and form factor, while regional export orientation and domestic demand both play substantial roles in strategic planning. Together, these regional contrasts create differentiated competitive environments and localized risk factors for market participants.
Evaluating how strategic imperatives such as scale, materials control, chemistry innovation, and lifecycle services are shaping competitive advantage in the battery sector
Competitive activity in the battery domain is concentrated around a few strategic imperatives: scale in cell production, control over critical materials, innovation in cell chemistry and modular architecture, and capabilities in recycling and second‑life management. Companies that secure long‑term relationships with raw material suppliers and invest in downstream recycling capabilities are better positioned to manage input volatility and regulatory requirements. At the same time, manufacturers that develop flexible manufacturing platforms and modular pack designs can more readily serve diverse vehicle segments and adapt to changes in form factor preferences.
Partnership models are evolving, with OEMs, chemical producers, and technology firms forming joint ventures and strategic alliances to share risk and accelerate commercialization of advanced cells. Service providers that offer integrated battery lifecycle solutions-combining diagnostics, warranty management, and end‑of‑life recovery-are increasingly valuable to fleet operators and large commercial customers. Firms that demonstrate robust quality systems and transparent sustainability reporting gain preferential access in regulated markets and among institutional buyers who prioritize traceability and environmental compliance. Overall, the competitive landscape rewards organizations that combine technical excellence with supply chain visibility and scalable operational models.
Actionable strategic imperatives for leaders to balance supply resilience, circularity, modular manufacturing, and collaborative investments to secure competitive advantage
Industry leaders should adopt coherent strategies that balance near‑term operational resilience with long‑term technological adaptability. First, prioritize supplier diversification and dual‑sourcing for critical inputs to reduce exposure to single‑region dependencies while accelerating qualification of local suppliers where feasible. Concurrently, invest in modular battery architectures and flexible assembly lines that allow rapid reconfiguration for different cell formats and capacity tiers.
Second, embed lifecycle thinking into product and procurement decisions by expanding recycling partnerships and establishing closed‑loop programs to reclaim high‑value materials. This approach reduces raw material risk and aligns with tightening sustainability regulations. Third, pursue strategic collaborations across the value chain-co‑development agreements, joint manufacturing ventures, and long‑term offtake contracts-to share capital risk and secure prioritized production capacity. Additionally, develop data‑driven aftersales capabilities, including predictive diagnostics and warranty management, to enhance total cost of ownership metrics for customers and improve asset utilization. Finally, align talent and R&D investments to prioritize thermal management, safety engineering, and cell chemistry optimization, ensuring the organization can respond to emergent technical trends without disrupting commercial deliveries.
Transparent mixed-method research approach combining executive interviews, technical review, patent and policy analysis, and triangulation to ensure robust industry insights
The research underpinning this analysis combines primary interviews with industry executives, technical experts, and procurement leads, together with a systematic review of public policy, patent filings, and regulatory developments. Primary engagements targeted senior stakeholders across OEMs, tier‑one suppliers, cell manufacturers, materials processors, and fleet operators to capture real‑world decision criteria and operational constraints. These qualitative inputs were complemented by detailed technical assessments of cell chemistries, form factor implications, and thermal management practices drawn from published technical literature and manufacturer disclosures.
To ensure robustness, cross‑validation techniques were applied, triangulating interview findings with procurement practices, capital expenditure announcements, and observable shifts in sourcing patterns. The methodology emphasized traceability of claims and transparency of assumptions while avoiding reliance on any single data source. This mixed-method approach provides a well-rounded view of technological choices, commercial dynamics, and policy impacts relevant to strategic planners and technical leads across the battery ecosystem.
Concluding synthesis that connects technology choices, supply resilience, and circularity strategies into a cohesive framework for long-term competitive advantage in electrified mobility
In summary, the battery industry stands at a strategic inflection point where technology maturation, regulatory pressure, and supply chain realignment intersect to redefine competitive boundaries. The interplay between chemistry selection, form factor design, and capacity planning will determine which solutions are most appropriate for specific vehicle categories and use cases. Firms that proactively manage supplier diversity, invest in circular material pathways, and align manufacturing flexibility with evolving customer needs will reduce exposure to policy and market shocks while capturing new revenue streams tied to services and recycling.
Looking ahead, those organizations that combine operational rigor with strategic partnerships and targeted R&D will be best placed to navigate the complexity of electrified mobility. The collective movement toward localized supply chains and enhanced lifecycle stewardship signals a long-term shift in how value is created and preserved in the battery ecosystem, making strategic clarity and execution speed essential for sustainable competitive advantage.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Framing the modern electric vehicle battery landscape with clear context on chemistry, form factors, performance trade-offs, and demand-side priorities for industry decision-makers
The electrification of transport has advanced from niche adoption to a platform-defining industrial shift, where battery systems underpin vehicle performance, safety, and total cost of ownership. This report opens with a clear orientation to the technological, regulatory, and commercial forces shaping contemporary battery markets, placing emphasis on cell chemistry evolution, form factor trade-offs, and the implications of charging infrastructure development.
Readers will be introduced to the principal battery architectures and their performance attributes, including differences in energy density, cycle life, thermal management, and manufacturability. The narrative connects these technical characteristics to buyer priorities across passenger and commercial vehicle segments, highlighting how propulsion choices, vehicle packaging, and use-case profiles drive distinct engineering and procurement outcomes. Transitioning smoothly from technology to market dynamics, the introduction sets the stage for deeper analysis on policy impacts, supply chain reconfiguration, and competitive positioning.
Mapping the intersecting technological, regulatory, and supply chain shifts that are redefining battery manufacturing, sustainability priorities, and industry competitive dynamics
The past half-decade has seen several transformative shifts that have altered incentive structures, supplier networks, and product roadmaps within the battery ecosystem. Advances in lithium-ion cell chemistry and manufacturing automation have lowered per-unit manufacturing complexity, and concurrent progress in solid-state research is redefining long‑term performance expectations even as commercialization timelines remain cautious.
Meanwhile, regulatory regimes and consumer expectations have intensified focus on lifecycle sustainability, prompting greater attention to raw material provenance, recycling pathways, and circular design. Geopolitical tensions and trade policy shifts have accelerated regionalization of supply chains and prompted manufacturers to diversify material sources and build local gigafactory capacity. In parallel, charging architecture and vehicle integration trends-driven by faster DC charging and higher-capacity modules-are reshaping battery form factor selection and thermal management strategies. These converging shifts result in a more strategic interplay between technology choices and commercial viability, requiring companies to balance near-term deliverables with longer-term technology bets.
Analyzing how recent United States tariff measures have triggered supply chain reconfiguration, nearshoring trends, and vertical integration strategies across the battery value chain
Tariff actions implemented in the United States have produced a chain reaction of operational and commercial responses across the battery ecosystem. Increased import duties on certain inputs and assembled components elevated landed costs for some suppliers, prompting original equipment manufacturers and tier‑one suppliers to reassess supplier portfolios and accelerate qualification of alternative vendors. The immediate operational consequence has been an uptick in inventory buffering and longer lead times as buyers mitigate tariff risk while securing continuity of supply.
Beyond short‑term procurement adjustments, tariffs have incentivized relocation of certain manufacturing activities closer to end markets, supported by public and private capital targeted to onshore cell assembly and advanced materials processing. This reshoring response has implications for capital intensity, workforce development, and local supplier networks, while also creating new opportunities for regional partnerships and joint ventures. At the same time, tariff-driven cost pressures have emphasised the value of vertical integration for firms seeking control over critical upstream inputs, and encouraged investment in recycling and refined material recovery as a partial hedge against external policy volatility. Taken together, these effects illustrate how trade measures influence not just price but strategic architecture across the value chain.
Unpacking multi-dimensional segmentation insights across chemistry, capacity, form factor, propulsion, vehicle class, and distribution channels to reveal strategic demand drivers
A granular view of the market requires understanding how demand and technology align across multiple segmentation axes. When analyzed by battery type, the landscape spans mature lead acid solutions alongside widely deployed lithium-ion chemistries, established nickel-metal hydride options, and emerging solid-state architectures that promise higher energy density and enhanced safety characteristics. Each chemistry presents unique trade-offs in energy density, lifecycle management, thermal behavior, and manufacturability, which in turn influence OEM selection criteria and application fit.
Charging capacity is another critical lens, as vehicles designed around below 40 kWh packs prioritize affordability and urban use cases, mid-range 40–90 kWh systems balance range and cost for mainstream passenger segments, and packs above 90 kWh target long-range performance for premium and commercial applications. Form factor choices-cylindrical, pouch, and prismatic-further determine packaging efficiency, thermal pathways, and automated assembly requirements. Propulsion type segmentation differentiates battery electric vehicles from fuel cell electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrids, each with distinct battery duty cycles and integration complexity. Finally, vehicle type distinguishes commercial applications from passenger vehicles; within commercial vehicles, heavy and light categories have divergent duty cycles and durability needs, while passenger vehicles break down into hatchbacks, sedans, and SUVs with differing range, weight, and safety priorities. Distribution channel dynamics split between offline and online pathways, where dealer networks, fleet procurement channels, and e-commerce platforms each shape go‑to‑market strategies and aftersales engagement. Synthesizing across these dimensions reveals where technical capability, cost structure, and go‑to‑market approach must align to capture specific segments effectively.
Comparative regional dynamics highlighting investment, regulation, and manufacturing ecosystems across the Americas, Europe Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific to guide strategic positioning
Regional dynamics continue to determine competitive positioning and investment calculus across the industry. In the Americas, policy incentives and growing consumer adoption have stimulated capital allocation to cell plants, recycling infrastructure, and charging ecosystems, with an emphasis on building resilient regional supply chains and fostering local skills development. North American fleet electrification initiatives and commercial vehicle electrification pilots are important demand anchors that influence module design priorities and service models.
Europe, the Middle East & Africa combine a stringent regulatory focus on emissions and circularity with strong OEM presence, encouraging advanced materials research, second‑life battery programs, and standards development. The region’s diverse policy landscape drives cross-border collaboration on standards while simultaneously creating complexity for manufacturers scaling production. Asia-Pacific remains the innovation and manufacturing heartland, with dense supplier networks, mature cell production capabilities, and established raw material processing. Close proximity between materials suppliers, cell manufacturers, and OEMs enables rapid iteration on chemistry and form factor, while regional export orientation and domestic demand both play substantial roles in strategic planning. Together, these regional contrasts create differentiated competitive environments and localized risk factors for market participants.
Evaluating how strategic imperatives such as scale, materials control, chemistry innovation, and lifecycle services are shaping competitive advantage in the battery sector
Competitive activity in the battery domain is concentrated around a few strategic imperatives: scale in cell production, control over critical materials, innovation in cell chemistry and modular architecture, and capabilities in recycling and second‑life management. Companies that secure long‑term relationships with raw material suppliers and invest in downstream recycling capabilities are better positioned to manage input volatility and regulatory requirements. At the same time, manufacturers that develop flexible manufacturing platforms and modular pack designs can more readily serve diverse vehicle segments and adapt to changes in form factor preferences.
Partnership models are evolving, with OEMs, chemical producers, and technology firms forming joint ventures and strategic alliances to share risk and accelerate commercialization of advanced cells. Service providers that offer integrated battery lifecycle solutions-combining diagnostics, warranty management, and end‑of‑life recovery-are increasingly valuable to fleet operators and large commercial customers. Firms that demonstrate robust quality systems and transparent sustainability reporting gain preferential access in regulated markets and among institutional buyers who prioritize traceability and environmental compliance. Overall, the competitive landscape rewards organizations that combine technical excellence with supply chain visibility and scalable operational models.
Actionable strategic imperatives for leaders to balance supply resilience, circularity, modular manufacturing, and collaborative investments to secure competitive advantage
Industry leaders should adopt coherent strategies that balance near‑term operational resilience with long‑term technological adaptability. First, prioritize supplier diversification and dual‑sourcing for critical inputs to reduce exposure to single‑region dependencies while accelerating qualification of local suppliers where feasible. Concurrently, invest in modular battery architectures and flexible assembly lines that allow rapid reconfiguration for different cell formats and capacity tiers.
Second, embed lifecycle thinking into product and procurement decisions by expanding recycling partnerships and establishing closed‑loop programs to reclaim high‑value materials. This approach reduces raw material risk and aligns with tightening sustainability regulations. Third, pursue strategic collaborations across the value chain-co‑development agreements, joint manufacturing ventures, and long‑term offtake contracts-to share capital risk and secure prioritized production capacity. Additionally, develop data‑driven aftersales capabilities, including predictive diagnostics and warranty management, to enhance total cost of ownership metrics for customers and improve asset utilization. Finally, align talent and R&D investments to prioritize thermal management, safety engineering, and cell chemistry optimization, ensuring the organization can respond to emergent technical trends without disrupting commercial deliveries.
Transparent mixed-method research approach combining executive interviews, technical review, patent and policy analysis, and triangulation to ensure robust industry insights
The research underpinning this analysis combines primary interviews with industry executives, technical experts, and procurement leads, together with a systematic review of public policy, patent filings, and regulatory developments. Primary engagements targeted senior stakeholders across OEMs, tier‑one suppliers, cell manufacturers, materials processors, and fleet operators to capture real‑world decision criteria and operational constraints. These qualitative inputs were complemented by detailed technical assessments of cell chemistries, form factor implications, and thermal management practices drawn from published technical literature and manufacturer disclosures.
To ensure robustness, cross‑validation techniques were applied, triangulating interview findings with procurement practices, capital expenditure announcements, and observable shifts in sourcing patterns. The methodology emphasized traceability of claims and transparency of assumptions while avoiding reliance on any single data source. This mixed-method approach provides a well-rounded view of technological choices, commercial dynamics, and policy impacts relevant to strategic planners and technical leads across the battery ecosystem.
Concluding synthesis that connects technology choices, supply resilience, and circularity strategies into a cohesive framework for long-term competitive advantage in electrified mobility
In summary, the battery industry stands at a strategic inflection point where technology maturation, regulatory pressure, and supply chain realignment intersect to redefine competitive boundaries. The interplay between chemistry selection, form factor design, and capacity planning will determine which solutions are most appropriate for specific vehicle categories and use cases. Firms that proactively manage supplier diversity, invest in circular material pathways, and align manufacturing flexibility with evolving customer needs will reduce exposure to policy and market shocks while capturing new revenue streams tied to services and recycling.
Looking ahead, those organizations that combine operational rigor with strategic partnerships and targeted R&D will be best placed to navigate the complexity of electrified mobility. The collective movement toward localized supply chains and enhanced lifecycle stewardship signals a long-term shift in how value is created and preserved in the battery ecosystem, making strategic clarity and execution speed essential for sustainable competitive advantage.
Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
185 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Advancements in solid state battery technology promising extended EV range and safety improvements
- 5.2. AI driven battery management systems optimizing real time performance and predictive maintenance for EV fleets
- 5.3. Rapid adoption of silicon anode composites reducing charging times and boosting battery lifespan
- 5.4. Emerging second life applications for retired EV batteries in renewable energy storage systems
- 5.5. Localized lithium and cobalt supply chain initiatives mitigating geopolitical risks and cost volatility
- 5.6. Innovations in sustainable battery recycling processes recovering critical materials with minimal environmental impact
- 5.7. Pilot programs for sodium ion batteries offering cost competitive alternatives to lithium based EV packs
- 5.8. Deployment of wireless charging infrastructure accelerating on the move charging networks for electric vehicles
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. EV Battery Market, by Battery Type
- 8.1. Lead Acid Batteries
- 8.2. Lithium-Ion Batteries
- 8.3. Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
- 8.4. Solid-State Batteries
- 9. EV Battery Market, by Charging Capacity
- 9.1. 40-90 kWh
- 9.2. Above 90 kWh
- 9.3. Below 40 kWh
- 10. EV Battery Market, by Battery Form
- 10.1. Cylindrical
- 10.2. Pouch
- 10.3. Prismatic
- 11. EV Battery Market, by Propulsion Type
- 11.1. Battery Electric Vehicle
- 11.2. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
- 11.3. Hybrid Electric Vehicle
- 11.4. Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle
- 12. EV Battery Market, by Vehicle Type
- 12.1. Commercial Vehicles
- 12.1.1. Heavy Commercial Vehicles
- 12.1.2. Light Commercial Vehicles
- 12.2. Passenger Vehicles
- 12.2.1. Hatchbacks
- 12.2.2. Sedans
- 12.2.3. SUVs
- 13. EV Battery Market, by Distribution Channel
- 13.1. Offline
- 13.2. Online
- 14. EV Battery Market, by Region
- 14.1. Americas
- 14.1.1. North America
- 14.1.2. Latin America
- 14.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 14.2.1. Europe
- 14.2.2. Middle East
- 14.2.3. Africa
- 14.3. Asia-Pacific
- 15. EV Battery Market, by Group
- 15.1. ASEAN
- 15.2. GCC
- 15.3. European Union
- 15.4. BRICS
- 15.5. G7
- 15.6. NATO
- 16. EV Battery Market, by Country
- 16.1. United States
- 16.2. Canada
- 16.3. Mexico
- 16.4. Brazil
- 16.5. United Kingdom
- 16.6. Germany
- 16.7. France
- 16.8. Russia
- 16.9. Italy
- 16.10. Spain
- 16.11. China
- 16.12. India
- 16.13. Japan
- 16.14. Australia
- 16.15. South Korea
- 17. Competitive Landscape
- 17.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 17.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 17.3. Competitive Analysis
- 17.3.1. AESC Group Ltd.
- 17.3.2. BYD Co. Ltd
- 17.3.3. Amara Raja Batteries Limited
- 17.3.4. Clarios LLC
- 17.3.5. Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited
- 17.3.6. Exicom Tele-Systems Limited
- 17.3.7. Exide Industries Ltd.
- 17.3.8. Farasis Energy Europe GmbH
- 17.3.9. GS Yuasa Corporation
- 17.3.10. Hero MotoCorp Ltd
- 17.3.11. Hitachi Ltd.
- 17.3.12. Johnson Controls Inc.
- 17.3.13. LG Energy Solution, Ltd.
- 17.3.14. Mitsubishi Corporation
- 17.3.15. Northvolt AB
- 17.3.16. Okaya Power Pvt. Ltd.
- 17.3.17. Panasonic Corporation
- 17.3.18. SAMSUNG SDI Co., Ltd.
- 17.3.19. Tata Motors Limited
- 17.3.20. Tesla, Inc.
- 17.3.21. Tianjin Lishen Battery Joint-Stock Co., Ltd.
- 17.3.22. Tianneng Power International Limited
- 17.3.23. Toshiba Corporation
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