Cobalt Market by Product Type (Cobalt Compounds, Metal Cobalt), Raw Material Source (Primary Cobalt, Recycled Cobalt), Form, Purity Level, Application, End-Use Industry, Distribution Channel - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The Cobalt Market was valued at USD 14.24 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 15.02 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 5.73%, reaching USD 22.26 billion by 2032.
A concise strategic orientation framing cobalt's evolving role across energy storage, advanced alloys, and supply chain resilience for decision-makers
The global cobalt landscape is at an inflection point driven by technological adoption, policy shifts, and evolving supply chain priorities. This executive summary synthesizes the most consequential developments shaping the sector and frames the strategic considerations that buyers and operators must address in the near term. The aim is to present a concise, actionable narrative that highlights structural dynamics, competitive pressures, and the intersections between resource sourcing, downstream demand, and regulatory frameworks.
Across value chains, cobalt is transitioning from a primarily industrial metal to a critical enabler of energy storage and high-performance alloys. As stakeholders adapt, the emphasis is shifting toward resilient sourcing, higher-purity product streams, and circularity. This introduction lays the groundwork for subsequent sections that examine transformative market shifts, tariff implications, segmentation nuance, regional differentials, corporate positioning, and pragmatic recommendations for industry leaders seeking to navigate uncertainty and capture strategic opportunity.
How electrification, circular sourcing, and geopolitical realignment are jointly reshaping cobalt demand profiles, supplier strategies, and quality expectations
Recent years have produced a constellation of transformative shifts that are redefining demand drivers, supplier economics, and technological pathways within the cobalt ecosystem. Electrification imperatives and rapid gains in battery technology have elevated demand compositionally toward high-purity cobalt inputs, while parallel advances in recycling and secondary sourcing are beginning to mitigate reliance on primary extraction. In addition, evolving metallurgy requirements for super alloys and magnets have intensified the need for consistent material specifications and tighter quality controls.
Concurrently, geopolitical recalibrations and industrial policy interventions are prompting firms to diversify procurement networks and to invest in nearshoring or regional processing capacity. Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) expectations have also become central to commercial propositions, with buyers demanding traceability and lower carbon intensity across supply chains. Taken together, these shifts are encouraging vertical integration, strategic partnerships across the battery value chain, and greater emphasis on product differentiation by purity, form, and application focus.
Understanding the practical commercial, operational, and strategic consequences of the United States tariff measures introduced in 2025 on sourcing and processing decisions
The implementation of tariffs and trade measures by the United States in 2025 has introduced a layer of commercial friction that amplifies costs and reframes sourcing strategies without altering the fundamental role of cobalt in critical applications. Tariff measures have increased incentives for buyers to reassess supplier portfolios, favoring partners that can offer tariff mitigation through local processing, bonded warehousing, or tariff classification optimization. As a result, procurement teams have intensified collaboration with legal, logistics, and trade compliance specialists to minimize landed cost volatility.
In response to tariff-induced pressure, a number of market participants have accelerated investments in domestic refining capacity and regional processing partnerships to reduce exposure to cross-border duties. At the same time, downstream manufacturers are exploring product redesigns that reduce cobalt intensity or shift to alternative chemistries where feasible. Financial and operational contingency planning has grown more prominent, with firms prioritizing contractual flexibility and dual-sourcing strategies to maintain continuity. Ultimately, while tariffs introduce near-term complexity and cost management imperatives, they also catalyze supply chain redesigns that can yield long-term resilience and closer alignment between producers and end-users.
Segment-level clarity that maps product types, raw material provenance, form factors, purity thresholds, applications, end-use sectors, and distribution pathways to value and exposure
A granular segmentation lens clarifies where value and risk concentrate across product specifications, source types, physical form, purity thresholds, end uses, and distribution models. Product distinctions separate cobalt compounds from metal cobalt, with the compounds category further differentiated into cobalt oxides and cobalt salts that serve distinct intermediate and formulation applications. Raw material sourcing splits between primary cobalt recovered from mining operations and recycled cobalt derived from spent batteries and industrial scrap, each pathway delivering different traceability and ESG narratives. Physical form matters for handling and processing, with pellets and flakes often preferred for direct metallurgical use while powder and granules enable formulation flexibility for catalyst, ceramic, and pigment producers.
Purity delineations below 90 percent versus above 90 percent remain critical for applications that demand exacting metallurgical or electrochemical performance. Application segmentation spans batteries, catalysts, ceramics and pigments, hard metals and cutting tools, magnets, and super alloys; within batteries, the landscape further distinguishes lithium-ion battery formulations from legacy nickel-cadmium systems, creating divergent quality and supply expectations. End-use industries encompass aerospace and defense, automotive, chemical, consumer electronics, energy and utilities, and medical and healthcare, each imposing unique regulatory, qualification, and certification requirements. Distribution channels reflect both traditional offline pathways-direct sales and suppliers or distributors-and online channels through company-owned websites and online platforms or marketplaces, each channel shaping commercial terms, lead times, and customer engagement models. Together, these segmentation dimensions reveal where premiumization, sustainability claims, and service differentiation create competitive advantage and where operational bottlenecks are most likely to emerge.
Regional supply chain profiles and investment priorities across the Americas, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific that dictate sourcing, refining, and manufacturing strategies
Regional dynamics are defining strategic opportunity sets as well as near-term constraints across supply chains and end markets. The Americas exhibit a growing emphasis on nearshoring and refining capacity, driven by policy incentives and strategic efforts to secure critical materials for domestic battery and defense supply chains. In contrast, Europe, Middle East & Africa demonstrate heterogeneous behavior: European industrial policy prioritizes decarbonization and circularity, which drives demand for recycled cobalt and traceable supply chains, while parts of the Middle East and Africa are focused on developing downstream processing capabilities and leveraging resource endowments. Asia-Pacific remains the dominant node for battery manufacturing, advanced processing, and downstream integration, with dense supplier networks, sophisticated metallurgical capacity, and close alignment between chemical producers and battery makers.
Taken together, these regional patterns influence logistics models, investment priorities, and partnership architectures. Cross-border collaboration is increasingly shaped by regional incentives and regulatory regimes, and successful market participants are those that translate regional strengths into coordinated global strategies that reduce lead-time exposure and enhance product assurance.
How market leaders are achieving competitive advantage through vertical integration, product specialization, traceability commitments, and collaborative processing investments
Leading firms in the cobalt ecosystem are differentiating through integrated supply models, technical service offerings, and commitments to traceability and sustainability. Some companies are pursuing vertical integration strategies that link upstream raw material access to downstream refining or battery-material partnerships, thereby securing feedstock while capturing incremental value through higher-purity streams. Others focus on high-margin specialties such as catalyst-grade compounds, high-purity salts, or engineered powders tailored to advanced ceramic and magnetic applications.
Across the competitive set, a premium is being placed on demonstrable ESG credentials, chain-of-custody systems, and certifications that reduce counterparty risk for industrial and consumer-facing buyers. Service differentiation also manifests through technical support, customized packaging and form factors, and logistics solutions that compress lead times. Strategic alliances between producers, recyclers, and battery manufacturers are becoming more common, enabling shared investments in processing capacity and innovation around low-cobalt or cobalt-free chemistries where appropriate.
Tactical and strategic recommendations for procurement, processing, and commercial teams to build resilience, capture value, and accelerate sustainable sourcing transitions
Industry leaders should pursue a portfolio of tactical and strategic actions that enhance resilience, reduce exposure to trade friction, and capitalize on demand-side transformation. First, strengthening supplier qualification and ensuring multi-sourced procurement pathways reduces single-point risks and gives commercial teams leverage when negotiating terms. Second, investing in traceability systems and transparent ESG reporting helps secure procurement contracts with OEMs and institutional buyers that prioritize responsible sourcing. Third, advancing partnerships with recyclers and downstream processors accelerates circularity initiatives and creates optionality for raw material sourcing.
In parallel, firms should evaluate targeted investments in local or regional processing capacity as a hedge against tariff and logistics volatility, and they should adopt modular contract structures to preserve flexibility in an uncertain policy environment. Also critical is the development of application-specific product lines-such as high-purity powders for specialty alloys or engineered salts for catalyst producers-with accompanying technical support to lock in value beyond mere commodity pricing. Executing on these recommendations requires coordinated efforts across procurement, R&D, regulatory, and commercial teams, supported by clear governance and scenario planning.
A rigorous mixed-method approach combining expert interviews, technical validation, segmentation analysis, and scenario mapping to underpin strategic interpretations and recommendations
The research underpinning this summary combines qualitative expert interviews, primary supplier and buyer consultations, and a systematic review of technical literature and trade policy documents to ensure robustness and relevance. Primary engagement included discussions with metallurgists, battery formulators, supply chain managers, and trade compliance professionals to capture operational realities and emergent practices. Secondary sources were selected to validate technological trends, regulatory shifts, and product specification norms, ensuring that technical assertions and strategic implications are grounded in verifiable industry knowledge.
Analytical methods included cross-sectional segmentation analysis to identify points of value capture and risk concentration, scenario mapping to stress-test tariff and supply disruption outcomes, and capability assessments to benchmark firm-level positioning. Throughout, emphasis was placed on traceable data and corroborated expert testimony, with iterative triangulation to reduce bias. The methodology supports strategic interpretation rather than quantitative market sizing, providing leaders with a defensible basis for investment and procurement choices.
Strategic synthesis highlighting the enduring significance of cobalt amid electrification, circularity, and policy-driven shifts and the imperatives for operational agility
In conclusion, cobalt remains a strategically important material whose role is expanding across energy, defense, and high-performance industrial applications. Structural drivers such as electrification, material purity requirements, and circular economy initiatives are reshaping demand composition and supplier expectations. Trade measures and regional policy incentives are accelerating shifts toward localized processing and tighter supplier qualification standards, while innovations in recycling and alternative chemistries are introducing new competitive dynamics.
Leaders who proactively reconfigure supply chains, invest in traceability and quality differentiation, and pursue targeted partnerships across the value chain will be best positioned to manage near-term disruption and to capture long-term opportunities. The cumulative effect of technological change, policy interventions, and evolving customer expectations suggests that strategic agility and operational excellence will be the decisive factors in determining who prospers as the industry moves through this transitional period.
Please Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
A concise strategic orientation framing cobalt's evolving role across energy storage, advanced alloys, and supply chain resilience for decision-makers
The global cobalt landscape is at an inflection point driven by technological adoption, policy shifts, and evolving supply chain priorities. This executive summary synthesizes the most consequential developments shaping the sector and frames the strategic considerations that buyers and operators must address in the near term. The aim is to present a concise, actionable narrative that highlights structural dynamics, competitive pressures, and the intersections between resource sourcing, downstream demand, and regulatory frameworks.
Across value chains, cobalt is transitioning from a primarily industrial metal to a critical enabler of energy storage and high-performance alloys. As stakeholders adapt, the emphasis is shifting toward resilient sourcing, higher-purity product streams, and circularity. This introduction lays the groundwork for subsequent sections that examine transformative market shifts, tariff implications, segmentation nuance, regional differentials, corporate positioning, and pragmatic recommendations for industry leaders seeking to navigate uncertainty and capture strategic opportunity.
How electrification, circular sourcing, and geopolitical realignment are jointly reshaping cobalt demand profiles, supplier strategies, and quality expectations
Recent years have produced a constellation of transformative shifts that are redefining demand drivers, supplier economics, and technological pathways within the cobalt ecosystem. Electrification imperatives and rapid gains in battery technology have elevated demand compositionally toward high-purity cobalt inputs, while parallel advances in recycling and secondary sourcing are beginning to mitigate reliance on primary extraction. In addition, evolving metallurgy requirements for super alloys and magnets have intensified the need for consistent material specifications and tighter quality controls.
Concurrently, geopolitical recalibrations and industrial policy interventions are prompting firms to diversify procurement networks and to invest in nearshoring or regional processing capacity. Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) expectations have also become central to commercial propositions, with buyers demanding traceability and lower carbon intensity across supply chains. Taken together, these shifts are encouraging vertical integration, strategic partnerships across the battery value chain, and greater emphasis on product differentiation by purity, form, and application focus.
Understanding the practical commercial, operational, and strategic consequences of the United States tariff measures introduced in 2025 on sourcing and processing decisions
The implementation of tariffs and trade measures by the United States in 2025 has introduced a layer of commercial friction that amplifies costs and reframes sourcing strategies without altering the fundamental role of cobalt in critical applications. Tariff measures have increased incentives for buyers to reassess supplier portfolios, favoring partners that can offer tariff mitigation through local processing, bonded warehousing, or tariff classification optimization. As a result, procurement teams have intensified collaboration with legal, logistics, and trade compliance specialists to minimize landed cost volatility.
In response to tariff-induced pressure, a number of market participants have accelerated investments in domestic refining capacity and regional processing partnerships to reduce exposure to cross-border duties. At the same time, downstream manufacturers are exploring product redesigns that reduce cobalt intensity or shift to alternative chemistries where feasible. Financial and operational contingency planning has grown more prominent, with firms prioritizing contractual flexibility and dual-sourcing strategies to maintain continuity. Ultimately, while tariffs introduce near-term complexity and cost management imperatives, they also catalyze supply chain redesigns that can yield long-term resilience and closer alignment between producers and end-users.
Segment-level clarity that maps product types, raw material provenance, form factors, purity thresholds, applications, end-use sectors, and distribution pathways to value and exposure
A granular segmentation lens clarifies where value and risk concentrate across product specifications, source types, physical form, purity thresholds, end uses, and distribution models. Product distinctions separate cobalt compounds from metal cobalt, with the compounds category further differentiated into cobalt oxides and cobalt salts that serve distinct intermediate and formulation applications. Raw material sourcing splits between primary cobalt recovered from mining operations and recycled cobalt derived from spent batteries and industrial scrap, each pathway delivering different traceability and ESG narratives. Physical form matters for handling and processing, with pellets and flakes often preferred for direct metallurgical use while powder and granules enable formulation flexibility for catalyst, ceramic, and pigment producers.
Purity delineations below 90 percent versus above 90 percent remain critical for applications that demand exacting metallurgical or electrochemical performance. Application segmentation spans batteries, catalysts, ceramics and pigments, hard metals and cutting tools, magnets, and super alloys; within batteries, the landscape further distinguishes lithium-ion battery formulations from legacy nickel-cadmium systems, creating divergent quality and supply expectations. End-use industries encompass aerospace and defense, automotive, chemical, consumer electronics, energy and utilities, and medical and healthcare, each imposing unique regulatory, qualification, and certification requirements. Distribution channels reflect both traditional offline pathways-direct sales and suppliers or distributors-and online channels through company-owned websites and online platforms or marketplaces, each channel shaping commercial terms, lead times, and customer engagement models. Together, these segmentation dimensions reveal where premiumization, sustainability claims, and service differentiation create competitive advantage and where operational bottlenecks are most likely to emerge.
Regional supply chain profiles and investment priorities across the Americas, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia-Pacific that dictate sourcing, refining, and manufacturing strategies
Regional dynamics are defining strategic opportunity sets as well as near-term constraints across supply chains and end markets. The Americas exhibit a growing emphasis on nearshoring and refining capacity, driven by policy incentives and strategic efforts to secure critical materials for domestic battery and defense supply chains. In contrast, Europe, Middle East & Africa demonstrate heterogeneous behavior: European industrial policy prioritizes decarbonization and circularity, which drives demand for recycled cobalt and traceable supply chains, while parts of the Middle East and Africa are focused on developing downstream processing capabilities and leveraging resource endowments. Asia-Pacific remains the dominant node for battery manufacturing, advanced processing, and downstream integration, with dense supplier networks, sophisticated metallurgical capacity, and close alignment between chemical producers and battery makers.
Taken together, these regional patterns influence logistics models, investment priorities, and partnership architectures. Cross-border collaboration is increasingly shaped by regional incentives and regulatory regimes, and successful market participants are those that translate regional strengths into coordinated global strategies that reduce lead-time exposure and enhance product assurance.
How market leaders are achieving competitive advantage through vertical integration, product specialization, traceability commitments, and collaborative processing investments
Leading firms in the cobalt ecosystem are differentiating through integrated supply models, technical service offerings, and commitments to traceability and sustainability. Some companies are pursuing vertical integration strategies that link upstream raw material access to downstream refining or battery-material partnerships, thereby securing feedstock while capturing incremental value through higher-purity streams. Others focus on high-margin specialties such as catalyst-grade compounds, high-purity salts, or engineered powders tailored to advanced ceramic and magnetic applications.
Across the competitive set, a premium is being placed on demonstrable ESG credentials, chain-of-custody systems, and certifications that reduce counterparty risk for industrial and consumer-facing buyers. Service differentiation also manifests through technical support, customized packaging and form factors, and logistics solutions that compress lead times. Strategic alliances between producers, recyclers, and battery manufacturers are becoming more common, enabling shared investments in processing capacity and innovation around low-cobalt or cobalt-free chemistries where appropriate.
Tactical and strategic recommendations for procurement, processing, and commercial teams to build resilience, capture value, and accelerate sustainable sourcing transitions
Industry leaders should pursue a portfolio of tactical and strategic actions that enhance resilience, reduce exposure to trade friction, and capitalize on demand-side transformation. First, strengthening supplier qualification and ensuring multi-sourced procurement pathways reduces single-point risks and gives commercial teams leverage when negotiating terms. Second, investing in traceability systems and transparent ESG reporting helps secure procurement contracts with OEMs and institutional buyers that prioritize responsible sourcing. Third, advancing partnerships with recyclers and downstream processors accelerates circularity initiatives and creates optionality for raw material sourcing.
In parallel, firms should evaluate targeted investments in local or regional processing capacity as a hedge against tariff and logistics volatility, and they should adopt modular contract structures to preserve flexibility in an uncertain policy environment. Also critical is the development of application-specific product lines-such as high-purity powders for specialty alloys or engineered salts for catalyst producers-with accompanying technical support to lock in value beyond mere commodity pricing. Executing on these recommendations requires coordinated efforts across procurement, R&D, regulatory, and commercial teams, supported by clear governance and scenario planning.
A rigorous mixed-method approach combining expert interviews, technical validation, segmentation analysis, and scenario mapping to underpin strategic interpretations and recommendations
The research underpinning this summary combines qualitative expert interviews, primary supplier and buyer consultations, and a systematic review of technical literature and trade policy documents to ensure robustness and relevance. Primary engagement included discussions with metallurgists, battery formulators, supply chain managers, and trade compliance professionals to capture operational realities and emergent practices. Secondary sources were selected to validate technological trends, regulatory shifts, and product specification norms, ensuring that technical assertions and strategic implications are grounded in verifiable industry knowledge.
Analytical methods included cross-sectional segmentation analysis to identify points of value capture and risk concentration, scenario mapping to stress-test tariff and supply disruption outcomes, and capability assessments to benchmark firm-level positioning. Throughout, emphasis was placed on traceable data and corroborated expert testimony, with iterative triangulation to reduce bias. The methodology supports strategic interpretation rather than quantitative market sizing, providing leaders with a defensible basis for investment and procurement choices.
Strategic synthesis highlighting the enduring significance of cobalt amid electrification, circularity, and policy-driven shifts and the imperatives for operational agility
In conclusion, cobalt remains a strategically important material whose role is expanding across energy, defense, and high-performance industrial applications. Structural drivers such as electrification, material purity requirements, and circular economy initiatives are reshaping demand composition and supplier expectations. Trade measures and regional policy incentives are accelerating shifts toward localized processing and tighter supplier qualification standards, while innovations in recycling and alternative chemistries are introducing new competitive dynamics.
Leaders who proactively reconfigure supply chains, invest in traceability and quality differentiation, and pursue targeted partnerships across the value chain will be best positioned to manage near-term disruption and to capture long-term opportunities. The cumulative effect of technological change, policy interventions, and evolving customer expectations suggests that strategic agility and operational excellence will be the decisive factors in determining who prospers as the industry moves through this transitional period.
Please Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
192 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Surging demand for cobalt driven by growth in electric vehicle battery production globally
- 5.2. Technological advancements enhancing cobalt extraction efficiency and reducing environmental impact
- 5.3. Expansion of recycling initiatives to recover cobalt and reduce dependency on newly mined resources
- 5.4. Increasing adoption of sustainable mining practices in cobalt extraction industries
- 5.5. Implementation of stricter regulations on cobalt sourcing to ensure ethical and conflict-free supply
- 5.6. Strategic partnerships between mining companies and technology firms to innovate cobalt applications and supply chain management
- 5.7. Increasing adoption of cobalt in next-generation electronics and portable devices
- 5.8. Integration of AI and automation to optimize cobalt production and processing
- 5.9. Rising importance of cobalt in renewable energy storage solutions and grid technology advancements
- 5.10. Growing investments in cobalt-rich resource exploration across emerging markets
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. Cobalt Market, by Product Type
- 8.1. Cobalt Compounds
- 8.1.1. Cobalt Oxides
- 8.1.2. Cobalt Salts
- 8.2. Metal Cobalt
- 9. Cobalt Market, by Raw Material Source
- 9.1. Primary Cobalt
- 9.2. Recycled Cobalt
- 10. Cobalt Market, by Form
- 10.1. Pellets & Flakes
- 10.2. Powder & Granules
- 11. Cobalt Market, by Purity Level
- 11.1.<90%
- 11.2. >90%
- 12. Cobalt Market, by Application
- 12.1. Batteries
- 12.1.1. Lithium-Ion Batteries
- 12.1.2. Nickel-Cadmium Batteries
- 12.2. Catalysts
- 12.3. Ceramics & Pigments
- 12.4. Hard Metals & Cutting Tools
- 12.5. Magnets
- 12.6. Super Alloys
- 13. Cobalt Market, by End-Use Industry
- 13.1. Aerospace & Defense
- 13.2. Automotive
- 13.3. Chemical
- 13.4. Consumer Electronics
- 13.5. Energy & Utilities
- 13.6. Medical & Healthcare
- 14. Cobalt Market, by Distribution Channel
- 14.1. Offline
- 14.1.1. Direct Sales
- 14.1.2. Suppliers & Distributors
- 14.2. Online
- 14.2.1. Company-Owned Website
- 14.2.2. Online Platforms / Marketplaces
- 15. Cobalt Market, by Region
- 15.1. Americas
- 15.1.1. North America
- 15.1.2. Latin America
- 15.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 15.2.1. Europe
- 15.2.2. Middle East
- 15.2.3. Africa
- 15.3. Asia-Pacific
- 16. Cobalt Market, by Group
- 16.1. ASEAN
- 16.2. GCC
- 16.3. European Union
- 16.4. BRICS
- 16.5. G7
- 16.6. NATO
- 17. Cobalt Market, by Country
- 17.1. United States
- 17.2. Canada
- 17.3. Mexico
- 17.4. Brazil
- 17.5. United Kingdom
- 17.6. Germany
- 17.7. France
- 17.8. Russia
- 17.9. Italy
- 17.10. Spain
- 17.11. China
- 17.12. India
- 17.13. Japan
- 17.14. Australia
- 17.15. South Korea
- 18. Competitive Landscape
- 18.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 18.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 18.3. Competitive Analysis
- 18.3.1. ATAMAN Kimya A.S.
- 18.3.2. Carter Alloys Co.
- 18.3.3. Central Drug House (P) Ltd.
- 18.3.4. CMOC Group Limited
- 18.3.5. Dhanwant Metal Corporation
- 18.3.6. Eramet Group
- 18.3.7. Eurasian Resources Group
- 18.3.8. Glencore PLC
- 18.3.9. Jinchuan Group International Resources Co. Ltd
- 18.3.10. JPM Pharma & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.
- 18.3.11. Norilsk Nickel
- 18.3.12. Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd
- 18.3.13. Palm Commodities International, LLC
- 18.3.14. Sherritt International Corporation
- 18.3.15. Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.
- 18.3.16. Uma Chemicals
- 18.3.17. Umicore
- 18.3.18. United States Strategic Metals, LLC
- 18.3.19. Vale S.A.
- 18.3.20. Vishnupriya Chemicals Pvt. Ltd
- 18.3.21. Wheaton Precious Metals Corp.
- 18.3.22. Yantai Cash Industrial Co. Ltd.
- 18.3.23. Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Co.,Ltd
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