1,4-Butanediol Market by Type (Bio Based, Petroleum Based), Production Process (Chemical Synthesis, Fermentation), Distribution Channel, Application, End-Use Industry - Global Forecast 2025-2032
Description
The 1,4-Butanediol Market was valued at USD 3.70 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow to USD 3.87 billion in 2025, with a CAGR of 5.55%, reaching USD 5.70 billion by 2032.
A focused orientation to 1,4-butanediol that frames its technical characteristics, strategic applications, and implications for supply chain decision-making
This executive summary opens with a focused introduction to 1,4-butanediol, framing its strategic relevance across chemical synthesis, polymer intermediates, and specialty solvents. The compound occupies a pivotal role in value chains that feed into polyester polyols, spandex, thermoplastic polyurethane, and other high-performance materials, while also serving as a precursor to solvents and fine chemicals used in coatings and pharmaceuticals. Understanding the characteristics of 1,4-butanediol-its synthesis pathways, feedstock dependencies, and downstream conversion routes-is essential for stakeholders aiming to optimize sourcing strategies, reduce supply-chain risks, and align product portfolios with evolving regulatory and sustainability requirements.
This introduction situates the subsequent analysis within practical decision-making contexts. It highlights how variations in production processes, feedstock origin, and distribution models influence cost structures, product quality, and time-to-market for downstream manufacturers. By starting with a clear technical and commercial foundation, the report equips readers to interpret more complex dynamics addressed in later sections, including tariff impacts, segmentation nuances, and regional strategic imperatives.
How converging technological innovations, sustainability mandates, and end-use performance demands are rapidly redefining the 1,4-butanediol competitive and supply landscape
Transformative shifts in the 1,4-butanediol landscape are being driven by parallel forces of technological innovation, sustainability imperatives, and evolving end-use demands. Advances in fermentation and bioprocess optimization have reduced barriers to commercial-scale bio-based production, while improvements in catalytic chemical synthesis are enhancing yields and energy efficiency for petroleum-based routes. At the same time, formulators in coatings and automotive markets are prioritizing performance metrics that often translate into more demanding raw material specifications, prompting producers to invest in tighter quality controls and specialized product grades.
Concurrently, regulatory pressures and corporate sustainability commitments are accelerating adoption of bio-based inputs and circular strategies. These forces are reshaping supplier–buyer relationships, encouraging longer-term supply agreements and collaborative product development. As a result, companies that integrate process innovation with transparent sustainability credentials and responsive distribution models are better positioned to capture premium demand and mitigate exposure to feedstock volatility. The interplay of these shifts underscores the need for integrated strategic planning that connects R&D, procurement, and commercial functions.
The 2025 tariff environment in the United States and its systemic effects on sourcing choices, contract structures, and nearshoring decisions across the value chain
The imposition of tariffs in the United States during 2025 introduced a new layer of commercial risk that reshaped sourcing logic and cross-border flows for materials related to 1,4-butanediol. Tariff measures altered landed costs for certain import pathways, prompting buyers to re-evaluate supplier portfolios and accelerate qualification of alternative suppliers closer to demand centers. In many cases, procurement teams responded by diversifying purchase channels and increasing inventory buffers to smooth production continuity while they assessed newly emergent cost structures.
Beyond immediate cost implications, these tariff pressures catalyzed strategic shifts in localization and nearshoring strategies. Some downstream manufacturers accelerated investments in North American upstream capabilities or contracted with regional toll processors to mitigate exposure to import duties. Additionally, tariffs prompted more rigorous contract clauses addressing duty allocation and force majeure scenarios, and they highlighted the importance of scenario planning in commercial contracts. As a result, stakeholders that moved quickly to model tariff-driven margin impacts and reconfigure supply chains gained competitive advantage in contract renegotiations and pricing flexibility.
Deep segmentation analysis connecting application-specific requirements, end-use industry behaviors, and production and distribution trade-offs that determine product fit and supplier strategies
Segmentation insight reveals nuanced demand patterns and supply dynamics that vary by application, end-use industry, material type, production route, and distribution approach. When considering application-level differentiation, products connected to Gamma Butyrolactone and Tetrahydrofuran pathways present distinct purity and processing requirements that influence supplier selection, processing investment, and quality assurance protocols. In end-use terms, automotive and coatings sectors often prioritize consistency, performance, and regulatory compliance, whereas pharmaceutical applications demand stringent traceability and ultra-high purity standards. Polymers as an end-use category further fragment into sub-segments such as polyester polyols, spandex, and thermoplastic polyurethane, each with unique formulation sensitivities and tolerance for impurities that affect product specification and logistics.
Type-based segmentation between bio-based and petroleum-based variants carries implications for feedstock sourcing, carbon accounting, and marketing differentiation. Bio-based offerings typically command attention from sustainability-focused buyers but require validated life-cycle data and consistent supply to replace incumbent materials. Production process segmentation highlights trade-offs between chemical synthesis and fermentation: chemical synthesis often delivers scale and cost advantages, while fermentation offers lower fossil-carbon intensity and potential access to green premium markets. Finally, distribution channel distinctions between direct sales and distributors shape go-to-market economics; direct sales enable tighter collaboration on product development and custom formulations, whereas distributors provide broader market coverage and logistical flexibility for customers with diverse procurement requirements.
A region-by-region perspective on how production footprints, regulatory regimes, and industrial priorities shape supply resilience and strategic positioning across global value chains
Regional dynamics significantly influence raw-material sourcing, production footprints, and strategic positioning across the value chain. In the Americas, proximity to major downstream manufacturing hubs and access to abundant feedstock streams have encouraged investment in localized processing and strategic inventory placement. This region tends to emphasize supply-chain resilience and rapid responsiveness to automotive and coatings customers, while also exploring bio-based production pathways in response to regulatory and corporate sustainability targets.
Europe, Middle East & Africa presents a heterogeneous landscape where regulatory rigor, circularity initiatives, and advanced manufacturing clusters shape demand profiles. The region’s stringent chemical regulations and growing emphasis on recycled and bio-derived inputs have pushed producers to enhance traceability and emissions transparency. In Asia-Pacific, rapid industrialization and an expanding polymers sector continue to drive robust demand, coupled with investments in capacity expansion and process efficiency. The region’s cost competitiveness and scale advantages make it a critical source region for both petroleum-derived and increasingly bio-based supply streams, creating interregional flows that demand careful logistical planning and risk mitigation.
How incumbent scale, fermentation-driven entrants, and value-added service strategies define competitive advantage and differentiation across suppliers and innovators
Competitive dynamics among leading producers and innovators reveal a balance between scale-oriented incumbents, specialized niche producers, and technology-focused entrants. Established companies have historically benefited from integrated feedstock access, large-scale chemical synthesis capabilities, and deep customer relationships in polymers and coatings markets. These incumbents continue to invest in process optimization, debottlenecking, and product-grade diversification to meet tighter downstream specifications. Meanwhile, smaller and more agile participants are carving out positions by commercializing fermentation-based processes, pursuing green-premium customers, and offering bespoke formulations for high-value applications.
In addition to production capabilities, successful companies are differentiating through transparency on sustainability credentials, targeted partnerships with downstream formulators, and flexible commercial terms that recognize evolving regulatory and tariff environments. Firms that combine technical competence with robust supply-chain services-such as localized warehousing, custom blending, and collaborative R&D-are earning preference among sophisticated buyers. The competitive landscape therefore rewards integrated solutions that reduce total cost-to-serve and accelerate time-to-market for specialty applications.
Actionable strategic steps for manufacturers, buyers, and investors to balance resilience, sustainability, and commercialization speed in the 1,4-butanediol value chain
Industry leaders should adopt a set of pragmatic actions to secure resilience and capture strategic growth opportunities in the evolving 1,4-butanediol ecosystem. First, prioritize dual-track sourcing that balances the cost efficiencies of chemical synthesis with the sustainability credentials and market access provided by fermentation-derived options. This approach enables flexible response to feedstock volatility and regulatory shifts while preserving customer choice. Second, invest in analytical and quality-management capabilities to support differentiated product grades tailored to applications such as polyester polyols, spandex, thermoplastic polyurethane, and pharmaceutical intermediates. Enhanced testing and certification reduce customer switching risk and support premium pricing for high-purity streams.
Third, strengthen regional supply footprints where demand concentration and regulatory drivers justify localized capacity or strategic inventory hubs, thereby minimizing lead times and tariff exposure. Fourth, expand collaborative engagement with downstream partners to co-develop formulations, share technical risk, and create joint commercialization pathways. Finally, refine commercial contracting to include clear duty allocation, contingency planning, and incentive-aligned performance metrics, ensuring both buyers and sellers can adapt rapidly to policy changes or supply disruptions. Executing these recommendations will require cross-functional programs that link R&D, procurement, and commercial teams to measurable strategic objectives.
An evidence-focused methodology blending primary stakeholder interviews, technical review, and iterative validation to ensure reliable and actionable insights for decision-makers
The research underpinning this report combined primary interviews with industry stakeholders, technical literature review, and cross-validation of company disclosures to build a robust, evidence-based assessment. Primary engagements included procurement and R&D leaders in downstream industries, operations and commercial managers at producers, and logistics specialists involved in cross-border movement of chemical intermediates. These engagements were structured to capture firsthand perspectives on production capabilities, quality expectations, commercial terms, and reactions to policy shifts such as the recent tariff measures.
Secondary analysis incorporated peer-reviewed technical sources, regulatory filings, and company sustainability reports to triangulate claims regarding process pathways, feedstock dependencies, and emissions characteristics. Data points were validated through iterative cross-checks and synthesized into thematic findings that informed segmentation, regional analysis, and strategic recommendations. Throughout the methodology, emphasis was placed on transparency of assumptions, reproducibility of analytical approaches, and clear documentation of data provenance to support confidence in the conclusions presented.
A synthesis of strategic imperatives and operational priorities that determine which organizations will achieve long-term advantage in the shifting 1,4-butanediol landscape
In conclusion, 1,4-butanediol occupies a strategically important position at the intersection of polymer intermediates, specialty solvents, and high-value chemical precursors. The industry is undergoing meaningful transformation driven by technological advances in fermentation and synthesis, regulatory and sustainability pressures, and evolving end-use requirements across automotive, coatings, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. Stakeholders that proactively reconfigure sourcing strategies, invest in quality and traceability, and align commercial models with regional realities will be best positioned to manage risk and capture differentiated demand.
Looking forward, success will depend on integrated strategies that combine process innovation, supply-chain agility, and close collaboration with downstream customers. Whether the priority is securing consistent supply for high-purity pharmaceutical streams or delivering cost-competitive volumes for polymer producers, the ability to translate technical capabilities into commercial value will determine market leadership. Companies that balance near-term operational resilience with long-term sustainability and product differentiation stand to gain competitive advantage in this evolving landscape.
Please Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
A focused orientation to 1,4-butanediol that frames its technical characteristics, strategic applications, and implications for supply chain decision-making
This executive summary opens with a focused introduction to 1,4-butanediol, framing its strategic relevance across chemical synthesis, polymer intermediates, and specialty solvents. The compound occupies a pivotal role in value chains that feed into polyester polyols, spandex, thermoplastic polyurethane, and other high-performance materials, while also serving as a precursor to solvents and fine chemicals used in coatings and pharmaceuticals. Understanding the characteristics of 1,4-butanediol-its synthesis pathways, feedstock dependencies, and downstream conversion routes-is essential for stakeholders aiming to optimize sourcing strategies, reduce supply-chain risks, and align product portfolios with evolving regulatory and sustainability requirements.
This introduction situates the subsequent analysis within practical decision-making contexts. It highlights how variations in production processes, feedstock origin, and distribution models influence cost structures, product quality, and time-to-market for downstream manufacturers. By starting with a clear technical and commercial foundation, the report equips readers to interpret more complex dynamics addressed in later sections, including tariff impacts, segmentation nuances, and regional strategic imperatives.
How converging technological innovations, sustainability mandates, and end-use performance demands are rapidly redefining the 1,4-butanediol competitive and supply landscape
Transformative shifts in the 1,4-butanediol landscape are being driven by parallel forces of technological innovation, sustainability imperatives, and evolving end-use demands. Advances in fermentation and bioprocess optimization have reduced barriers to commercial-scale bio-based production, while improvements in catalytic chemical synthesis are enhancing yields and energy efficiency for petroleum-based routes. At the same time, formulators in coatings and automotive markets are prioritizing performance metrics that often translate into more demanding raw material specifications, prompting producers to invest in tighter quality controls and specialized product grades.
Concurrently, regulatory pressures and corporate sustainability commitments are accelerating adoption of bio-based inputs and circular strategies. These forces are reshaping supplier–buyer relationships, encouraging longer-term supply agreements and collaborative product development. As a result, companies that integrate process innovation with transparent sustainability credentials and responsive distribution models are better positioned to capture premium demand and mitigate exposure to feedstock volatility. The interplay of these shifts underscores the need for integrated strategic planning that connects R&D, procurement, and commercial functions.
The 2025 tariff environment in the United States and its systemic effects on sourcing choices, contract structures, and nearshoring decisions across the value chain
The imposition of tariffs in the United States during 2025 introduced a new layer of commercial risk that reshaped sourcing logic and cross-border flows for materials related to 1,4-butanediol. Tariff measures altered landed costs for certain import pathways, prompting buyers to re-evaluate supplier portfolios and accelerate qualification of alternative suppliers closer to demand centers. In many cases, procurement teams responded by diversifying purchase channels and increasing inventory buffers to smooth production continuity while they assessed newly emergent cost structures.
Beyond immediate cost implications, these tariff pressures catalyzed strategic shifts in localization and nearshoring strategies. Some downstream manufacturers accelerated investments in North American upstream capabilities or contracted with regional toll processors to mitigate exposure to import duties. Additionally, tariffs prompted more rigorous contract clauses addressing duty allocation and force majeure scenarios, and they highlighted the importance of scenario planning in commercial contracts. As a result, stakeholders that moved quickly to model tariff-driven margin impacts and reconfigure supply chains gained competitive advantage in contract renegotiations and pricing flexibility.
Deep segmentation analysis connecting application-specific requirements, end-use industry behaviors, and production and distribution trade-offs that determine product fit and supplier strategies
Segmentation insight reveals nuanced demand patterns and supply dynamics that vary by application, end-use industry, material type, production route, and distribution approach. When considering application-level differentiation, products connected to Gamma Butyrolactone and Tetrahydrofuran pathways present distinct purity and processing requirements that influence supplier selection, processing investment, and quality assurance protocols. In end-use terms, automotive and coatings sectors often prioritize consistency, performance, and regulatory compliance, whereas pharmaceutical applications demand stringent traceability and ultra-high purity standards. Polymers as an end-use category further fragment into sub-segments such as polyester polyols, spandex, and thermoplastic polyurethane, each with unique formulation sensitivities and tolerance for impurities that affect product specification and logistics.
Type-based segmentation between bio-based and petroleum-based variants carries implications for feedstock sourcing, carbon accounting, and marketing differentiation. Bio-based offerings typically command attention from sustainability-focused buyers but require validated life-cycle data and consistent supply to replace incumbent materials. Production process segmentation highlights trade-offs between chemical synthesis and fermentation: chemical synthesis often delivers scale and cost advantages, while fermentation offers lower fossil-carbon intensity and potential access to green premium markets. Finally, distribution channel distinctions between direct sales and distributors shape go-to-market economics; direct sales enable tighter collaboration on product development and custom formulations, whereas distributors provide broader market coverage and logistical flexibility for customers with diverse procurement requirements.
A region-by-region perspective on how production footprints, regulatory regimes, and industrial priorities shape supply resilience and strategic positioning across global value chains
Regional dynamics significantly influence raw-material sourcing, production footprints, and strategic positioning across the value chain. In the Americas, proximity to major downstream manufacturing hubs and access to abundant feedstock streams have encouraged investment in localized processing and strategic inventory placement. This region tends to emphasize supply-chain resilience and rapid responsiveness to automotive and coatings customers, while also exploring bio-based production pathways in response to regulatory and corporate sustainability targets.
Europe, Middle East & Africa presents a heterogeneous landscape where regulatory rigor, circularity initiatives, and advanced manufacturing clusters shape demand profiles. The region’s stringent chemical regulations and growing emphasis on recycled and bio-derived inputs have pushed producers to enhance traceability and emissions transparency. In Asia-Pacific, rapid industrialization and an expanding polymers sector continue to drive robust demand, coupled with investments in capacity expansion and process efficiency. The region’s cost competitiveness and scale advantages make it a critical source region for both petroleum-derived and increasingly bio-based supply streams, creating interregional flows that demand careful logistical planning and risk mitigation.
How incumbent scale, fermentation-driven entrants, and value-added service strategies define competitive advantage and differentiation across suppliers and innovators
Competitive dynamics among leading producers and innovators reveal a balance between scale-oriented incumbents, specialized niche producers, and technology-focused entrants. Established companies have historically benefited from integrated feedstock access, large-scale chemical synthesis capabilities, and deep customer relationships in polymers and coatings markets. These incumbents continue to invest in process optimization, debottlenecking, and product-grade diversification to meet tighter downstream specifications. Meanwhile, smaller and more agile participants are carving out positions by commercializing fermentation-based processes, pursuing green-premium customers, and offering bespoke formulations for high-value applications.
In addition to production capabilities, successful companies are differentiating through transparency on sustainability credentials, targeted partnerships with downstream formulators, and flexible commercial terms that recognize evolving regulatory and tariff environments. Firms that combine technical competence with robust supply-chain services-such as localized warehousing, custom blending, and collaborative R&D-are earning preference among sophisticated buyers. The competitive landscape therefore rewards integrated solutions that reduce total cost-to-serve and accelerate time-to-market for specialty applications.
Actionable strategic steps for manufacturers, buyers, and investors to balance resilience, sustainability, and commercialization speed in the 1,4-butanediol value chain
Industry leaders should adopt a set of pragmatic actions to secure resilience and capture strategic growth opportunities in the evolving 1,4-butanediol ecosystem. First, prioritize dual-track sourcing that balances the cost efficiencies of chemical synthesis with the sustainability credentials and market access provided by fermentation-derived options. This approach enables flexible response to feedstock volatility and regulatory shifts while preserving customer choice. Second, invest in analytical and quality-management capabilities to support differentiated product grades tailored to applications such as polyester polyols, spandex, thermoplastic polyurethane, and pharmaceutical intermediates. Enhanced testing and certification reduce customer switching risk and support premium pricing for high-purity streams.
Third, strengthen regional supply footprints where demand concentration and regulatory drivers justify localized capacity or strategic inventory hubs, thereby minimizing lead times and tariff exposure. Fourth, expand collaborative engagement with downstream partners to co-develop formulations, share technical risk, and create joint commercialization pathways. Finally, refine commercial contracting to include clear duty allocation, contingency planning, and incentive-aligned performance metrics, ensuring both buyers and sellers can adapt rapidly to policy changes or supply disruptions. Executing these recommendations will require cross-functional programs that link R&D, procurement, and commercial teams to measurable strategic objectives.
An evidence-focused methodology blending primary stakeholder interviews, technical review, and iterative validation to ensure reliable and actionable insights for decision-makers
The research underpinning this report combined primary interviews with industry stakeholders, technical literature review, and cross-validation of company disclosures to build a robust, evidence-based assessment. Primary engagements included procurement and R&D leaders in downstream industries, operations and commercial managers at producers, and logistics specialists involved in cross-border movement of chemical intermediates. These engagements were structured to capture firsthand perspectives on production capabilities, quality expectations, commercial terms, and reactions to policy shifts such as the recent tariff measures.
Secondary analysis incorporated peer-reviewed technical sources, regulatory filings, and company sustainability reports to triangulate claims regarding process pathways, feedstock dependencies, and emissions characteristics. Data points were validated through iterative cross-checks and synthesized into thematic findings that informed segmentation, regional analysis, and strategic recommendations. Throughout the methodology, emphasis was placed on transparency of assumptions, reproducibility of analytical approaches, and clear documentation of data provenance to support confidence in the conclusions presented.
A synthesis of strategic imperatives and operational priorities that determine which organizations will achieve long-term advantage in the shifting 1,4-butanediol landscape
In conclusion, 1,4-butanediol occupies a strategically important position at the intersection of polymer intermediates, specialty solvents, and high-value chemical precursors. The industry is undergoing meaningful transformation driven by technological advances in fermentation and synthesis, regulatory and sustainability pressures, and evolving end-use requirements across automotive, coatings, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. Stakeholders that proactively reconfigure sourcing strategies, invest in quality and traceability, and align commercial models with regional realities will be best positioned to manage risk and capture differentiated demand.
Looking forward, success will depend on integrated strategies that combine process innovation, supply-chain agility, and close collaboration with downstream customers. Whether the priority is securing consistent supply for high-purity pharmaceutical streams or delivering cost-competitive volumes for polymer producers, the ability to translate technical capabilities into commercial value will determine market leadership. Companies that balance near-term operational resilience with long-term sustainability and product differentiation stand to gain competitive advantage in this evolving landscape.
Please Note: PDF & Excel + Online Access - 1 Year
Table of Contents
197 Pages
- 1. Preface
- 1.1. Objectives of the Study
- 1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
- 1.3. Years Considered for the Study
- 1.4. Currency
- 1.5. Language
- 1.6. Stakeholders
- 2. Research Methodology
- 3. Executive Summary
- 4. Market Overview
- 5. Market Insights
- 5.1. Integration of green feedstocks in 1,4-butanediol synthesis to reduce carbon footprints
- 5.2. Rising investments in continuous flow reactors for scalable 1,4-butanediol manufacturing capacity expansions
- 5.3. Collaborations between biotech firms and chemical producers for enzyme-based 1,4-butanediol conversion technologies
- 5.4. Regulatory scrutiny on 1,4-butanediol emissions driving development of cleaner production and recovery processes
- 5.5. Growing demand for high-purity 1,4-butanediol in electronics and polyurethane applications boosting specialty grades
- 5.6. Strategic joint ventures targeting small-scale onsite 1,4-butanediol production to optimize regional supply chains
- 5.7. Advancements in catalyst development to enhance energy efficiency and selectivity in 1,4-butanediol hydrogenation routes
- 6. Cumulative Impact of United States Tariffs 2025
- 7. Cumulative Impact of Artificial Intelligence 2025
- 8. 1,4-Butanediol Market, by Type
- 8.1. Bio Based
- 8.2. Petroleum Based
- 9. 1,4-Butanediol Market, by Production Process
- 9.1. Chemical Synthesis
- 9.2. Fermentation
- 10. 1,4-Butanediol Market, by Distribution Channel
- 10.1. Direct Sales
- 10.2. Distributors
- 11. 1,4-Butanediol Market, by Application
- 11.1. Gamma Butyrolactone
- 11.2. Tetrahydrofuran
- 12. 1,4-Butanediol Market, by End-Use Industry
- 12.1. Automotive
- 12.2. Coatings
- 12.3. Pharmaceuticals
- 12.4. Polymers
- 12.4.1. Polyester Polyols
- 12.4.2. Spandex
- 12.4.3. Thermoplastic Polyurethane
- 13. 1,4-Butanediol Market, by Region
- 13.1. Americas
- 13.1.1. North America
- 13.1.2. Latin America
- 13.2. Europe, Middle East & Africa
- 13.2.1. Europe
- 13.2.2. Middle East
- 13.2.3. Africa
- 13.3. Asia-Pacific
- 14. 1,4-Butanediol Market, by Group
- 14.1. ASEAN
- 14.2. GCC
- 14.3. European Union
- 14.4. BRICS
- 14.5. G7
- 14.6. NATO
- 15. 1,4-Butanediol Market, by Country
- 15.1. United States
- 15.2. Canada
- 15.3. Mexico
- 15.4. Brazil
- 15.5. United Kingdom
- 15.6. Germany
- 15.7. France
- 15.8. Russia
- 15.9. Italy
- 15.10. Spain
- 15.11. China
- 15.12. India
- 15.13. Japan
- 15.14. Australia
- 15.15. South Korea
- 16. Competitive Landscape
- 16.1. Market Share Analysis, 2024
- 16.2. FPNV Positioning Matrix, 2024
- 16.3. Competitive Analysis
- 16.3.1. Ascend Performance Materials LLC
- 16.3.2. Ashland Inc.
- 16.3.3. BASF SE
- 16.3.4. Chang Chun Group
- 16.3.5. China Petrochemical Corporation
- 16.3.6. Dairen Chemical Corporation
- 16.3.7. DuPont de Nemours, Inc.
- 16.3.8. Evonik Industries AG
- 16.3.9. Genomatica, Inc.
- 16.3.10. Grupa Azoty S.A.
- 16.3.11. Henan Kaixiang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
- 16.3.12. Huntsman Corporation
- 16.3.13. Invista S.à r.l.
- 16.3.14. Jiangsu Hailun Petrochemical Co., Ltd.
- 16.3.15. LANXESS AG
- 16.3.16. LyondellBasell Industries N.V.
- 16.3.17. Markor Chemicals Group Co., Ltd.
- 16.3.18. Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings Corporation
- 16.3.19. Novamont S.p.A.
- 16.3.20. Saudi International Petrochemical Company
- 16.3.21. Shanxi Sanwei Group Co., Ltd.
- 16.3.22. Solvay S.A.
- 16.3.23. The Dow Chemical Company
- 16.3.24. Xinjiang Tianye Group Co., Ltd.
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